Pseudophygopoda Tavakilian & Peñaherrera-Leiva, 2007

Carelli, Allan & Monné, Marcela L., 2015, Taxonomic revision of Phygopoda Thomson, 1864 and Pseudophygopoda Tavakilian & Peñaherrera-Leiva, 2007 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae), Zootaxa 4021 (2), pp. 201-242 : 223-224

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4021.2.1

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:28E97818-7EC5-4A3A-91A4-6FB150955B90

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4674777

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/93451B1F-FFF8-EC59-FF71-8B9BFE960F12

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Pseudophygopoda Tavakilian & Peñaherrera-Leiva, 2007
status

 

Pseudophygopoda Tavakilian & Peñaherrera-Leiva, 2007 View in CoL

Pseudophygopoda Tavakilian & Peñaherrera-Leiva, 2007: 103 View in CoL ; Monné, 2012: 49; Bezark & Monné, 2013: 165 (check);

Monné, 2015: 786 (cat.).

Type-species: Odontocera subvestita White, 1855 View in CoL (original designation). Panamapoda Clarke, 2014: 343 View in CoL . Syn. nov.

Type-species: Phygopoda panamensis Giesbert, 1996: 332 View in CoL , fig. 6 (original designation). Paraphygopoda Clarke, 2014: 343 View in CoL . Syn. nov.

Type-species: Stenopterus albitarsis Klug, 1825: 475 View in CoL , pl. 44, fig. 12 (original designation).

Head ( Figs. 97−100 View FIGURES 97 – 105 ) with short rostrum, densely covered with coarse punctures provided with long semierect setae, except for smooth and glabrous area in gular region; genae longer than 1/3 length of lower ocular lobes; with large eyes, subcontiguous, slightly emarginated, frontally separated by about 1/7 to 1/5 width of a lower ocular lobe in males and by about 1/2 to 3/ 2 in females; internal margin of eye lobes and margins of clypeus covered with pubescence. Antennae ( Fig. 105 View FIGURES 97 – 105 ) exceeding elytral apex at antennomere 10, reaching first or second ventrite; antennomere 3 1/3 longer than scape or antennomere 4; 5−7 subequal in length; 8−11 gradually decreasing in length; 7−11 gradually expanded on external margin, subserrate; scape and pedicel with long, semierect setae; 3−5 (sometimes 6) with row of long, semierect setae on internal margin (sometimes extending to 8).

Prothorax ( Figs. 111−114 View FIGURES 111 – 114 ) cylindrical, as wide as long; anterior and posterior margin with row of decumbent yellowish-golden setae. Pronotum with three smooth elevations at disc, one longitudinal and central, extending from anterior margin toward the posterior margin, and other two median, one on each side of central elevation, semicircular; prosternum with anterior half provided with transverse streaks and posterior half with punctures provided with long semierect setae; prosternal process laminiform; anterior coxal cavities rounded, angulate at sides, open posteriorly. Mesosternal process from about one-half to 2/3 diameter of mesocoxa; mesepisternum, mesepimeron, metepisternum and metasternum pubescent. Scutellum densely covered with pubescence; apex rounded. Elytra ( Fig. 119 View FIGURES 115 – 120 ) short, subulate, narrowing at apical 2/3, exceeding apex of first ventrite; with sparse, coarse punctures provided with semierect setae; apex truncated; humeri slightly projected.

Pro- and mesocoxae with acute tubercle in males; femora ( Figs. 121, 125, 131 View FIGURES 121 – 132 ) pedunculate-clavate, with short, sparse, semierect setae; pro- and mesofemora ( Figs. 121, 125 View FIGURES 121 – 132 ) with row of semierect setae on inner margin; mesofemora ( Fig. 125 View FIGURES 121 – 132 ) pedunculate to 1/3 of its length; metafemora ( Fig. 131 View FIGURES 121 – 132 ) without row of setae on inner margin, ratio between the length of metafemoral clave and peduncle 0.6 to 1.5; pro- and mesotibiae ( Figs. 122, 126 View FIGURES 121 – 132 ) with apical 3/4 densely covered with short, fine, golden pubescence; metatibiae ( Fig. 132 View FIGURES 121 – 132 ) with dense brush of long black setae on apical half; pro- and mesotibiae with two short apical spurs, equal in length; metatibiae with two long apical spurs, inner spur longer than outer; length of metatarsomere I vary from equal to distinctly longer than length of II and III together.

Abdomen ( Fig. 133 View FIGURES 133 – 142 ) covered with long sparse setae; ventrite with or without lateral spots of pubescence. Last visible urotergite with rounded apex; last visible urosternite with apical margin excavated and covered with short decumbent setae.

Comments. Clarke (2014) described the genera Panamapoda to P. panamensis ( Giesbert, 1996) and Paraphygopoda to four species.

According to Clarke (2014), Panamapoda is similar to Pseudophygopoda and differs by the color of the pronotal pubescence and the shape of the abdomen and elytra. Pseudophygopoda presents the pronotal pubescence brassy, the abdomen fusiform and the elytra widely fissate and sides strongly curved outwards, to leave the apical lobes widely separated. Panamapoda presents pronotal pubescence golden, abdomen cylindrical or almost cylindrical and elytra narrowly fissate and hardly curved outwards, to leave the apical lobes almost parallel and closer to each other. None of these characteristics help us to separate these genera, because in fact both present pronotal pubescence golden ( Figs. 95, 96 View FIGURES 95 – 96. 95 ), the male holotype of Pseudophygopoda subvestita (type-species) ( Fig. 95 View FIGURES 95 – 96. 95 ) presents abdomen cylindrical and the shape of elytra presents considerable variation in Pseudophygopoda subvestita ( Figs. 95 View FIGURES 95 – 96. 95 , 119 View FIGURES 115 – 120 ).

According to Clarke (2014), Pseudophygopoda differs from Paraphygopoda by the following characteristics: male inferior lobes of eyes, the surface of the pronotum, the ratio between the length of metafemoral clave and peduncle and the length of the metatarsomere I. Pseudophygopoda presents male inferior lobes of eyes contiguous, the surface of the pronotum only shinning on the elevations, the ratio between the length of metafemoral clave and peduncle about 1.3 and the length of the metatarsomere I distinctly longer than length of II and III together. Paraphygopoda presents male inferior lobes of eyes nearly contiguous to further apart, the surface of the pronotum totally shinning, the ratio between the length of metafemoral clave and peduncle from 0.6 to 0.9 and the length of the metatarsomere I equal to, or only slightly longer than length of II and III together. Of these characteristics only the surface of the pronotum is confirmed here ( Figs. 74−81 View FIGURES 74 – 81 , 95, 96 View FIGURES 95 – 96. 95 ). The male inferior lobes of eyes are subcontiguous in both genera ( Figs. 75−77, 79, 80 View FIGURES 74 – 81 , 97, 98 View FIGURES 97 – 105 ), the ratio between the length of metafemoral clave and peduncle vary from 0.7 to 1.5 in P. subvestita and from 0.6 to 1.15 in P. albitaris and the length of the metatarsomere I vary from equal to the length of II and III together to distinctly longer (1.2 times) than length of II and III together (as mentioned to Pseudophygopoda ).

Besides the surface of the pronotum, Paraphygopoda only differs from Pseudophygopoda by the color of pubescence and integument, but on the other hand, share several characteristics as follow: procoxal cavities rounded and angular at sides, open posteriorly; prosternal process laminiform; pro- and mesocoxae with acute tubercle in males; and subulate elytra.

Based on the examination of the type species, hundreds of specimens and original descriptions we consider that the characteristics, marked by Clarke (2014), are not sufficient to sustain the genera Panamapoda and Paraphygopoda and the differences between them are considered variations at specific level so we propose the new synonymies.

Tavakilian & Peñaherrera-Leiva (2007) distinguished Pseudophygopoda from Phygopoda and Neophygopoda by the transverse prothorax, procoxal cavities open posteriorly, prosternal process laminiform, and metafemora with somewhat elongated peduncle. Of these characteristics, only the transverse prothorax was not confirmed in this study; we consider it to be as long as wide. Those characteristics also help to differentiate Pseudophygopoda from Phygopoides .

In addition, the elytra ( Fig. 119 View FIGURES 115 – 120 ) in Pseudophygopoda are subulate, the pro- and mesocoxae have an acute tubercle in males, and the procoxal cavities ( Fig. 113 View FIGURES 111 – 114 ) are angular at the sides. In Phygopoda , Neophygopoda and Phygopoides the elytra are not subulate, the pro- and mesocoxae are unarmed, and the procoxal cavities are not angular.

Pseudophygopoda differs also from Neophygopoda and Phygopoides in the tuft of setae on the metatibiae ( Fig. 132 View FIGURES 121 – 132 ). Neophygopoda and Phygopoides show the setae of metatibiae evenly distributed. Pseudophygopoda also differs from Phygopoides by the procoxal cavities open posteriorly, which are closed in the latter.

Pseudophygopoda is now composed by three species: P. subvestita , P. panamensis comb. nov. and P. albitarsis comb. nov.

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Coleoptera

Family

Cerambycidae

Loc

Pseudophygopoda Tavakilian & Peñaherrera-Leiva, 2007

Carelli, Allan & Monné, Marcela L. 2015
2015
Loc

Pseudophygopoda Tavakilian & Peñaherrera-Leiva, 2007 : 103

Bezark 2013: 165
Monne 2012: 49
Tavakilian 2007: 103
2007
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