Criodrilus lacuum Hoffmeister, 1845

Misirlioğlu, İbrahim Mete & Stojanović, Mirjana, 2018, Distribution of non-lumbricid earthworms (Clitellata: Acanthodrilidae, Criodrilidae, Megascolecidae and Ocnerodrilidae) on the Balkans and Anatolia with first record of Amynthas morrisi (Beddard, 1892) from Turkey, Zootaxa 4496 (1), pp. 197-205 : 199-200

Criodrilus lacuum Hoffmeister, 1845

Criodrilus lacuum Hoffmeister, 1845

Criodrilus lacuum Hoffmeister, 1845: 31 .

Criodrilus lacuum: Mısırlıoğlu 2007: 103 ; Atanacković et al. 2013: 272.

Habitat. In mud and roots of aquatic plants ( Blakemore 2008a).

Distribution on the Balkans and Anatolia. Serbia (Danube river: Atanacković et al. 2013; Danube near Novi Sad, Vojvodina: Tubić et al. 2013; Grcka, Umka, Obrenovac, central Serbia: Šapkarev 2002; Sava River, central Serbia: Paunović et al. 2008); Bulgaria (Danube, Ruse: Šapkarev 1986; Danube River: Dolni Vadim; Ogosta River: Martinovo and Kobilyak; Skut River: Galiche; Iskar River: Svoge and Oriachovitsa; Blato River at Kostinbrod; Vit River at Komarevo; Beli Vit River at Ribaritsa; Ossam River at village of Letnitca, and Levski; Yantra River at Gabrovo, at Dolna Oriachovitsa, at Draganovo, at Radanovo and at Polsko Kossovo; Beli Lom River at Razgrad; Provadiiska River at Razdelna; Glavnitsa River at Bozveliysko; Madara River at Madara; Goliama Kamchiya moth in Black Sea, at Grozdyovo, at Ticha River and at Yankovo; Skorpilovska River at Shkorpilovtsi; Tundzha River at Zimnitsa, at Zrebchevo Dam, at Konevets and at Radovets; Kalnitca River at Boyadzhik; Maritsa River at Pazardzhik and at Plovdiv; Mirkovska River at Topolnitsa River; Arda River at Paspal and Ivaylovgrad Dam: Uzunov 2010; Srebarna Lake, Varadinova et al. 2012; Dragalevska River Loven Park: Valchovski 2013); Greece (Kolochori near Thessaloniki, Kerkini in Serrae: Michalis 1993); Macedonia (Lake Dojran: Šapkarev 1964; Lake Ochrid: Kalište, Struga, Rodozda, Livadište, Kalista: Smiljkov et al. 2005); Montenegro (Lake Skadar: Karaman 1972); Turkey (Ankara: Omodeo 1952; Hatay: Csuzdi et al. 2007).

Material examined. 1 ex., Odžaci (45°30′N, 19°10′E), Vojvodina, Pannonian part of Serbia. 11.07.1993 (Institute collection).

World distribution. Europe ( Michaelsen 1900; Adámek et al. 2013; Graff 1962; Pop 1949; Monroy et al. 2003; Jamieson 1971, Omodeo 1952; Perel 1997), Africa ( Omodeo & Martinucci 1987; Omodeo et al. 2003), Middle East ( Jamieson 1971; Mısırlıoğlu 2017), Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine ( Michaelsen 1900, Csuzdi & Pavliček 2005), Latvia, Poland, Letonia, Turkmenistan, around the Caspian Sea, Russia ( Perel 1997), Japan ( Blakemore 2007); India ( Julka 1988). It is introduced in America ( Gates 1972; Lima & Rodriguez 2007, Knäpper & Porto 1979; Blakemore 2008a). No records in the British Isles and Scandinavia.

Remarks. C. lacuum has a Palaearctic distribution but in the Czech Republic ( Adámek et al. 2013) it is categorized as endangered according to the IUCN categories. Molecular analysis by Pop et al. (2004) shows that C. lacuum is relatively primitive compared to lumbricids and is a sister taxon of two lumbricid species, Eiseniella tetraedra (Savigny, 1826) and Aporrectodea dubiosa (Örley, 1881) , that both share with it an aquatic habitat. Additionally, based on the molecular study of James & Davidson (2012) C. lacuum is placed as sister taxon to Hormogastridae and Lumbricidae .