Rourea glazioui G. Schellenb., in Engler, Pflanzenreich IV. 127(Heft 103): 289. 1938.

Toledo, Cassio A. P., Souza, Vinicius Castro & Lucas, Eve J., 2020, Nomenclatural and taxonomic updates in Rourea subgen. Rourea sect. Multifoliolatae (Connaraceae), PhytoKeys 169, pp. 137-175 : 137

Rourea glazioui G. Schellenb., in Engler, Pflanzenreich IV. 127(Heft 103): 289. 1938. Fig. 10

Rourea polyphylla G. Schellenb., in Engler, Pflanzenreich IV. 127(Heft 103): 197. 1938, nom. illeg., non R. polyphylla Blume (1849).

Type.

Brazil. Rio de Janeiro: Rezende, 22 Nov 1876 (fr.), A. F. M. Glaziou 8625 (Holotype: B†; lectotype: P barcode P 02274098!, selected by Forero 1976; isolectotypes: C!, F-frag., K!).

Description.

Lianas or scandent shrubs, 0.9-1.5 m tall; branchlets densely velutinous to glabrescent, lenticels sparse or abundant, conspicuous or inconspicuous. Leaves (9-)15-27-foliolate, loosely disposed; petiole 1.9-3.5(-4.5) cm long, densely velutinous or hirsute, with glandular trichomes; rachis (8-)10-24 cm long, densely velutinous or hirsute, with glandular trichomes; leaflets opposite to alternate, subsessile or pulvinulus ca. 1 mm long; blade of the basal pair of leaflets 1.3-3.3 × (0.8-) 1.2-2.6 cm, ovate, oblong or orbicular, rarely elliptic, others (1.5-)2.6-6.5(-8.2) × (0.8-) 1.3-2.6 cm long, narrowly ovate, narrowly obovate, oblong or narrowly elliptic, rarely elliptic, apical ones usually elliptic, chartaceous, discolorous, abaxially hirsute to densely hirsute, greenish or brownish, adaxially subglabrous to sparsely hirsute, more densely on midvein, dull, base slightly asymmetric to asymmetric, very rarely symmetric, rounded, subcordate, cordate or truncate, rarely obtuse, occasionally acute in the apical leaflet, apex narrowly rounded or obtuse, rarely rounded, occasionally acute in the apical leaflet, margin slightly revolute to revolute, rarely flat, ciliate; midvein abaxially prominent, adaxially slightly impressed, occasionally flat, secondary veins 6-8(-9) pairs, abaxially prominent or slightly prominent, rarely flat, adaxially slightly impressed or flat, tertiary veins abaxially slightly prominent or flat, adaxially slightly impressed or flat. Inflorescences in axillary cymes, rarely panicles; bracts 2-3 mm long; peduncle 0.2-1.7 cm long, hirsute to densely hirsute, with glandular trichomes; rachis 0.3-4(-8) cm long, hirsute to densely hirsute, with glandular trichomes; lateral branches 0.3-1.5(-2.8) cm long, hirsute to densely hirsute, with glandular trichomes. Flowers loosely disposed; buds 3-4 × 2-3 mm, ovate, orbicular or ellipsoid; pedicel 5-10(-14) mm long, with glandular trichomes, 1-2 bracteoles located up the lower third, deciduous or persistent; sepals (4-)4.5-5.5 × 1.5-2 mm, chartaceous, ovate or elliptic, outer surface hirsute or sparsely hirsute, with glandular trichomes, inner surface sericeous or sparsely sericeous, margin ciliate; petals (5-)6-7.5 × 1.5-2 mm, narrowly obovate or oblong, glabrous on both surfaces; stamens connate at base by 0.8-1 mm, shorter series 2.5-4 mm long, longer series 4-5 mm long, glabrous; ovary 1-1.2 mm long, densely hirsute, style (1.5-)4-5.5 mm long, sparsely hirsute, subglabrous or glabrous only at the apex, stigma peltate, bilobate. Fruits 1.1-1.5(-1.6) × 0.5-0.6(-0.8) cm, orangish, reddish or yellowish, outer surface partially or completely hirsute, usually more densely at the apex, inner surface glabrous or subglabrous, apex acuminate or rounded, style partially persistent or deciduous, calyx covering one third of the fruit; seeds 0.9-1.1(-1.3) × 0.3-0.5(-0.6) cm, arillode yellowish.

Distribution, habitat and phenology.

Rourea glazioui is found in Bahia, Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro (Fig. 6 ). In ES, the species has been widely collected along the central and east parts of the state, whereas in BA it is restricted to the southern region, and in RJ, it is sparsely distributed in the eastern side. The type location (Rezende, RJ) might be mistaken as no other record has been found nearby. It is a liana or scandent shrub up to 1.5 m tall, mainly occurring in areas of ombrophilous or “Tabuleiro” forests, although sometimes found in swamp forests or disturbed environments, such as small fragments or in Eucalyptus plantations, growing on clay or sandy soils. Specimens have been collected with flowers and fruits almost throughout the year, although more frequently during the spring season.

Specimens examined.

Brazil. Bahia: Nova Viçosa, ca. 61 km na estrada de Caravelas para Nanuque, 06 Sep 1989 (fr.), A. M. de Carvalho et al. 2499 (CEPEC, MBM); Picadão, extremo Sul, área da Aracruz Celulose, 23 Aug 1993 (fr.), M. L. Guedes 2971 (ALCB, CEPEC); Caravelas, área de influência da CAF, 17°44'07"S, 39°45'16"W, 03 Feb 2002 (fr.), M. L. Guedes 9705 (ALCB); Teixeira de Freitas. BR-101 ca. 11 km da cidade, 17°25'49"S, 39°41'14"W, 18 Jun 2005 (fl.), J. G. Jardim et al. 4620 (CEPEC, HUEFS); Assentamento "Paulo Freire" (MST), ramal com entrada no km 15 da Rodovia Macuri/Itabatan, 2 km antes da sede do assentamento, 04 Oct 2000 (fr.), L. A. Matos-Silva et al. 4140 (ALCB, CEPEC, HUEFS, NY, UESC); Mucuri, 14-17 km a W de Mucuri, 13 Sep 1978 (fl.), S. A. Mori et al. 10436 (CEPEC, NY); Macuri, área de restinga com algumas manchas de campos, a 7 km a NW de Macuri, 14 Sep 1978 (fl., fr.), S. A. Mori et al. 10532 (CEPEC, NY); Nova Viçosa, 3 km após posto da mata, sentido Posta da Mata divisa BA-MG, 08 Nov 1999 (fr.), A. A. Santos et al. 553 (CEN); Vale do Rio Alcobaça, 12 May 1971 (fl.), T. S. dos Santos 1613 (CEPEC, US). Espírito Santo: Boa Esperança, Bela Vista, 18°33'21"S, 40°13'10"W, 115 m alt., 1 Dec 2010 (fr.), A. M. Assis & M. D. S. Demuner 2608 (MBML); Sooretama, REBIO Sooretama, Quirinho, 19°03'14"S, 40°09'35"W, 80 m alt., 2 Nov 2013 (fl.), A. M. Assis et al. 4030 (VIES); Guarapari, Barro Branco, próximo da BR 101, 20°33'11"S, 40°28'39"W, 17 Jul 2018 (fr.), A. M. Assis et al. 4516 (VIES); Reserva Fazenda São Joaquim, 14 Oct 1985 (fr.), H. Q. Boudet & W. Boone 2027 (MBM, RB); Pinheiros, Reserva Biológica do Córrego do Veado, trilha que vai para mata de água limpa, 09 Jul 2010 (fr.), I. S. Broggio 26 (VIES); Guarapari, Parque Natural Municipal Morro da Pescaria, 20.6591S, 40.4731W, 09 Feb 2014 (fl.), A. C. S. Dal Col & J. Rodrigues Filho 265 (VIES); Governador Lindemberg, Mata da Prefeitura, 14 Nov 2006 (fr.), V. Demuner et al. 3069 (MBM, UB); Conceição da Barra. 16 Aug 1965 (fl., fr.), A. P. Duarte 8888 (NY, RB); Entre Linhares e São Matheus, 4 Nov 1953 (fr.), A. P. Duarte & J. C. Gomes 3960 (RB); Comunidade de Lajinha, Fazenda Rancho Tropical II, restinga arbustiva alta com moitas, 05 Jul 2007 (fl., fr.), C. Farney et al. 4764 (RB); Pedro Canário, estradas vicinais, próximas ao eixo da BR 101 entre o Rio Itaúnas e 5 km em direção a Pinheiro, 21 Oct 2008 (fr.), C. Farney et al. 4881 (RB); Reserva Biológica do Córrego Grande, estrada no meio da reserva, 28 Dec 2012 (fr.), T. B. Flores & G. O. Romão 1257 (ESA, RB); Floresta Nacional do Rio Preto, trilha da Lagoa Seca, 29 Aug 2012 (fr.), T. B. Flores & G. O. Romão 1284 (ESA); Presidente Kennedy, 6 Feb 1988 (fl.), J. M. L. Gomes 476 (VIES); Próximo à antiga casa do guarda, estrada Aderne, 04 Jul 1995 (fl.), D. A. Folli 2342 (CEPEC, CVRD, ESA); Próximo ao Rio Barra Seca, estrada Aderne, 06 Oct 1994 (fr.), D. A. Folli 2385 (CEPEC, CVRD, ESA); Jueirana, estrada Aceiro com Eucalipto, 25 Jul 2001 (fl.), D. A. Folli 3996 (CVRD, ESA); BR 101, próximo à entrada para Conc. da Barra, 27 Aug 2007 (fl.), D. A. Folli 5684 (CVRD, ESA); Mata de restinga sobre feixes de cordões arenosos, vegetação localizada à direita da estrada principal da vila de Itúnas, 06 Oct 2007 (fr.), A. O. Giaretta et al. 248 (RB); Vegetação de restinga, mata seca, entrada localizada adjacente à estrada principal da Vila de Itaúnas, área de preservação permanente à PEI, 14 Jun 2008 (fr.), A. O. Giaretta et al. 276 (RB); Jaguaré, Rod. BR-101, 23 Aug 1987 (fr.), G. Hatschbach & A. C. Cervi 51416 (MBM, US); Rod. ES-421, km 5-8, 09 Oct 1998 (fr.), G. Hatschbach et al. 68346 (CEPEC, MBM, US); Itaúnas, 09 Jun 1992 (fl.), O. J. Pereira 3419 (VIES); 20 May 1999 (fl.), G. Hatschbach et al. 69202 (CEPEC, ESA, MBM, SPF, US); Praia Setibana, ES-060 at 6 km E of BR-101, 18 Jan 1993 (fr.), J. A. Kallunki & J. R. Pirani 345 (NY, SPF); Colatina, estrada do Patrimônio, perto de Colatina, 16 May 1934 (fl.), J. G. Kuhlmann 351 (IAN, NY, RB); Reserva Biológica do Córrego Grande, coletado próximo na mata próxima a sede da rebio, 10 Jan 2012 (fr.), L. Marcarini et al. 38 (VIES); Próximo ao Bairro Litorâneo, seguindo uma estrada de terra atrás do campus da Universidade (UFES), 01 Aug 2007 (fr.), R. F. A. Martins et al. 38 (RB); Rodovia do Sol, road linking BR-101 to the São Mateus, Bairro Litorâneo, fragmento de mata ciliar próximo ao campus da universidade, 03 Oct 2009 (fr.), A. G. Oliveira & M. Ribeiro 656 (VIES); Anchieta, Estrada para Castellanos, tipo do morro, 2 Feb 2012 (fl.), N. E. Oliveira Filho 79 (VIES); Mata seca de restinga, 23 Jun 2002 (fl.), O. J. Pereira et al. 3536 (VIES); Área 126 da Aracruz Celulose S. A., 2 Apr 1992 (fr.), O. J. Pereira 4283 (VIES); Serra, Bicanga, 22 Apr 1993 (fl.), O. J. Pereira 4529 (VIES); Itaúnas, área 135 da Aracruz Celulose S. A., 18°25'10"S, 39°42'32"W, 21 Sep 1993 (fr.), O. J. Pereira et al. 4890 (VIES); Interlagos, Rodovia do Sol ES060, 20°19'47"S, 40°17'32"W, 1 Jun 1995 (fr.), O. J. Pereira 5468 (VIES); Itaúnas, 13 Jul 1991 (fr.), P. C. Vinha 1271 (VIES); Linharinho, 6 Nov 1996 (fr.), O. J. Pereira et al. 5726 (VIES); Vila Velha. 20°25'42.7"S, 40°22'46.7"W, 10 Jan 2001 (fl.), O. J. Pereira & E. Espindula 6713 (VIES); Parque Estadual de Itaúnas, 24 Aug 2002 (fr.), O. J. Pereira et al. 6983 (VIES); Serra, Nova Zelândia, 20°10'52"S, 40°12'54"W, 21 Jul 2015 (fr.), O. J. Pereira et al. 8021 (VIES); Linhares, Reserva Natural Vale, aceiro c/ BR 101 jueirana, 21 Aug 2006 (fr.), G. S. Siqueira 240 (CVRD, ESA); Parque Estadual de Itaúnas, Trilha Alméscar, 18.4033S, 39.7019W, 08 Aug 2013 (fr.), W. O. Souza et al. 146 (VIES); Conceição da Barra, Itaúnas, área da Fíbria com plantação de eucalipto, 18°29'27"S, 39°44'12"W, 21 Oct 2018 (fr.), C. A. P. Toledo & N. C. Bígio 400 (ESA); Guarapari, Parque Estadual Paulo César Vinha, 21 Oct 2006 (fr.), R. T. Valadares 304 (VIES); Aracruz, Estação Biológica Marinha Augusto Ruschi, Santa Cruz, 19°58'14"S, 40°08'26"W, 1 Apr 2018 (fr.), Wandekoken et al. 257 (VIES); Parque Ecológico da CST, área de Tabuleiro, Bosque dos Jacarandás, área dominada por espécies exóticas plantadas, 21 Apr 1995 (fl.), I. Weiler Junior et al. 166 (VIES). Rio de Janeiro: Casimiro de Abreu, Morro de S. João, 03 Feb 1970 (fr.), CPJ s. n. (RB 261147); Reserva Biológica do Poço das Antas, mata da Osmarina, 26 May 1982 (fr.), H. C. de Lima & G. Martinelli 1733 (RB); Silva Jardim, Est. Juturnaiba, esquerda - km 5, Reserva Biológica de Poço das Antas, 11 Jan 1994 (fr.), C. Luchiari et al. 349 (RB); Conceição de Macabu, km 12 da BR 101, a 62 km de Campos, 10 Jan 1985 (fr.), J. R. Pirani & D. C. Zappi 1046 (NY, SPF); Horto Florestal de Rezende, s. d. (st.), A. da Silva s. n. (IAN 67552).

Recognition and notes.

Rourea glazioui resembles R. cnestidifolia as they have glandular trichomes and similar characteristics of leaflet shape and size, flowers and fruits. However, the former has leaves (9-)15-27-foliolate, peduncle 0.2-1.5 cm long, flowers loosely disposed on the inflorescences and pedicel 5-10(-14) mm long, while the latter has leaves 9-13-foliolate, peduncle 2.8-8 cm long, flowers congested in the inflorescence apex and pedicel 3-5 mm long. Rourea glazioui is commonly confused with R. chrysomalla in herbarium specimens, but differs in the characteristics described in the "Recognition and notes" section of R. chrysomalla .

In the protologue, Rourea glazioui was named as R. polyphylla ( Schellenberg 1938). After noticing that he created a homonym of R. polyphylla Blume (1849), Schellenberg (1938) added an appendix in the same work and replaced R. polyphylla for R. glazioui . This does not preclude valid publication of R. glazioui , as this replaced name, although indicated in the same work, presented a clear and crossed reference of a corresponding description ( Turland et al. 2018, Art. 41.3).

The type collection of R. glazioui morphologically resembles the type of R. fulgens Planch. (Wallich 8524, deposited in K), a species restricted to Singapore. Both type specimens share densely-velutinous branchlets, multifoliolate leaves, and oblong or narrowly-elliptic leaflets with rounded apex, which are also discolorous and abaxially hirsute. Some other species from south-eastern Asia, such as R. mimosoides (Vahl) Planch., also have multifoliolate leaves with oblong or narrowly-elliptic leaflets, so this raises the question whether Rourea species from the New World are a monophyletic group. Morphological similarities between the multifoliolate species of Rourea from America and south-eastern Asia were firstly noticed by Forero (1976), who cited R. sect. Mimosoideae Planch. p. p. under R. subgen. R. sect. Multifoliolatae , thus drawing attention to possible relationships. Nevertheless, this subject should be addressed by future molecular investigations.

Figures

Figure 6. Geographic distribution of Rourea cnestidifolia (circles) and R. glazioui (triangles).

Figure 10. Rourea glazioui: A fruiting branchlet B leaf, adaxial surface C inflorescence (photo by Thiago Flores) D leaf, abaxial surface.