Spongilla lacustris ( Linnaeus, 1759 )

Robert, Chloé, Pereira, Raquel & Thollesson, Mikael, 2022, Addition to Sweden’s freshwater sponge fauna and a phylogeographic study of Spongilla lacustris (Spongillida, Porifera) in southern Sweden, European Journal of Taxonomy 828 (1), pp. 138-167 : 143-153

Spongilla lacustris ( Linnaeus, 1759)

Fig. 2

Spongia lacustris Linnaeus, 1759: 1348 .

Material examined (109 specimens, Table 1 )

SWEDEN – Dalsland • 3 specs; Lake Vänern, Mellerud, Sunannå harbour ; 58.7092° N, 12.5072° E; 11 Oct.2017; Chloé Robert and Raquel Pereira leg.; UPSZMC 188195 , 188197 , 188199 • 4 specs; Åklång, Dalslands kanal, Håverud ; 58.8214° N, 12.4061° E; 11 Oct. 2017; Chloé Robert and Raquel Pereira leg.; UPSZMC 188201 , 188203 , 188205 , 188207 . – Bohuslän • 1 spec.; Bohuslän, Lake S Bullaresjön, Naverstad, Sundshult ; 58.7403° N, 11.5743° E; 8 Oct. 2017; Chloé Robert leg.; UPSZMC 188185 • 3 specs; Lake S Bullaresjön, Östad ; 58.7719° N, 11.5693° E; 8 Oct. 2017; Chloé Robert and Raquel Pereira leg.; UPSZMC 188189 , 188191 , 188193 . – Södermanland • 5 specs; Lake Likstammen, Öster Malma ; 58.9468° N, 17.1708° E; 29 Jun. 2013; Mikael Thollesson leg.; UPSZMC 188012 , 188015 to 188018 • 9 specs; Lake Naten, Stjärnhof bath ; 59.0774° N, 17.0129° E; 30 Jun. 2013; Mikael Thollesson leg.; UPSZMC 188023 , 188029 to 188036 • 5 specs; Lake Kyrksjön , bath ; 59.0923° N, 16.9951° E; 30 Jun. 2013; Mikael Thollesson leg.; UPSZMC 188024 to 188028 • 5 specs; Klämmingen, Solbacken ; 59.1307° N, 17.2454° E; 29 Jun. 2013; Mikael Thollesson leg.; UPSZMC 188014 , 188019 to 188022 .– Uppland • 1 spec.; Krägga herrgård ; 59.603° N, 17.394° E; 2 Aug. 2017; Chloé Robert and Raquel Pereira leg.; UPSZMC 188114 • 2 specs; Viks bath ; 59.7346° N, 17.4639° E; 2 Aug. 2017; Chloé Robert and Raquel Pereira leg.; UPSZMC 188110 , 188112 • 3 specs; Hammarskogs bath ; 59.7636° N, 17.5762° E; 2 Aug. 2017; Chloé Robert and Raquel Pereira leg.; UPSZMC 188122 to 188124 • 4 specs; Flottsund ; 59.7875° N, 17.6626° E; 2Aug.2017; Chloé Robert and Raquel Pereira leg.; UPSZMC 188107 , 188115 , 188120 , 188121 • 1 spec.; Lake Erken, Norr Malma, Erken freshwater laboratory ; 59.8353° N, 18.6331° E; 30 May 2016; Raquel Pereira leg.; UPSZMC 188213 • 4 specs; Lake Siggeforasjön ; 59.9759° N, 17.157° E; 26 May 2014; Tove Fällman leg.; UPSZMC 188100 , 188102 , 188104 , 188106 • 2 specs; Gimo damm ; 60.1786° N, 18.1718° E; 3 Aug. 2017; Chloé Robert and Raquel Pereira leg.; UPSZMC 188137 , 188140 • 5 specs; Simbadet, Österbybruk ; 60.195° N, 17.9143° E; 3 Aug. 2017; Chloé Robert and Raquel Pereira leg.; UPSZMC 188126 , 188129 , 188131 , 188133 , 188135 .– Dalarna • 4 specs; Dalälven, Grådö ; 60.2471° N, 16.027° E; 28 Aug. 2013; Mikael Thollesson leg.; UPSZMC 188037 , 188056 , 188059 , 188061 • 1 spec.; Lake Viksjön, Strands boat club ; 60.4841° N, 15.7447° E; 28 Aug. 2013; Mikael Thollesson leg.; UPSZMC 188064 • 4 specs; Lake Flosjön, harbour , Dala-Floda ; 60.513° N, 14.8089° E; 28 Aug. 2013; Mikael Thollesson leg.; UPSZMC 188048 , 188050 , 188054 , 188057 • 6 specs; Lake S Mojesjön, bath ; 60.6003° N, 15.0885° E; 28 Aug. 2013; Mikael Thollesson leg.; UPSZMC 188039 , 188041 to 188043 , 188045 , 188046 • 2 specs; Malungs camping , outlet into Västerdalälven ; 60.6847° N, 13.7023° E; 29 Aug. 2013; Mikael Thollesson leg.; UPSZMC 188072 , 188075 • 5 specs; Lake Orsasjön, Strandrestaurangen ; 61.1186° N, 14.5985° E; 30 Aug. 2013; Mikael Thollesson leg.; UPSZMC 188082 to 188084 , 188086 , 188088 • 2 specs; Lake Skattungen, Oresjöns boat club ; 61.1649° N, 15.1327° E; 30 Aug. 2013; Mikael Thollesson leg.; UPSZMC 188090 , 188091 • 2 specs; Lake Hällsjön , northern rest stop; 62.0681° N, 12.6744° E; 28 Aug. 2003; Mikael Thollesson leg.; UPSZMC 188000 , 188003 . – Hälsingland • 3 specs; Lake Ängratörn, Vikstenstorpet ; 61.9159° N, 15.3872° E; 31 Aug. 2013; Mikael Thollesson leg.; UPSZMC 188092 , 188094 , 188096 . – Härjedalen • 12 specs; Hedeviken ; 62.4083° N, 13.6697° E; 30 Aug. 2017; Chloé Robert and Raquel Pereira leg.; UPSZMC 188165 , 188166 , 188170 to 188177 , 188179 , 188181 . – Medelpad • 2 specs; Lake Gissjön ; 62.5233° N, 16.179° E; 29 Aug. 2017; Chloé Robert and Raquel Pereira leg.; UPSZMC 188147 , 188148 . – Jämtland • 2 specs; Lake Storsjön, Galhammar ; 62.7784° N, 14.4321° E; 30 Aug. 2017; Chloé Robert and Raquel Pereira leg.; UPSZMC 188161 , 188183 • 3 specs; Lake Sundsjön ; 62.9513° N, 15.1623° E; 29 Aug. 2017; Chloé Robert and Raquel Pereira leg.; UPSZMC 188155 , 188157 , 188159 • 4 specs; Lake Storsjön, Slandrom ; 63.1347° N, 14.6478° E; 29 Aug. 2017; Chloé Robert and Raquel Pereira leg.; UPSZMC 188209 to 188212 .

Description

HABITUS. Specimens usually bright green ( Fig. 2A ), often with finger-like projections ( Fig. 2B ). Surface hispid due to protruding spicules.

SPICULAE. Skeleton with two classes of oxeas: smooth megascleres ( Fig. 2C ) and spined microscleres ( Fig. 2D ). Megascleres fusiform, microscleres acerate ( Boury-Esnault & Rützler 1997). Gemmuloscleres were not observed. Megasclere length 265 μm (190–375 μm), width 11 μm (2.5–20 μm) ( Fig. 2E ). Microsclere length 76 μm (50–117.5 μm), width 4.8 μm (2.5–7.5 μm) ( Fig. 2F ).

Distribution and habitat

Widely distributed, entire sampling area; hard substrates in lakes and rivers.

Remarks

The finger-like projections distinguish this species from the other Swedish freshwater sponges, as does the presence of microscleres.

Figures

Fig. 2. Spongilla lacustris (Linnaeus, 1759). A–B. Habitus. A. Specimen growing under a pontoon (P059-171011-6). B. Specimen growing on anchor chain, with finger–like projections (P059-170802- 48). C–D. Spiculae. C. Megasclere (P059-171008-4). D. Microsclere (P059-171008-1). E–F. Estimated spicula size distribution within and between specimens, P059-130831-1 (solid line), P059-170802- 8 (dashed) and P059-171008-4 (dotted). Marks on the x-axis represent spiculae measured. Brackets correspond to ranges in literature (red = Tendal 1967b; blue = Penney & Racek 1968; black = Evans & Montagnes 2019). E. Megascleres. F. Microscleres.