Allocota aurata (Bates, 1873) Shi & Zhou & Liang, 2013

Shi, Hongliang, Zhou, Hongzhang & Liang, Hongbin, 2013, Taxonomic synopsis of the subtribe Physoderina (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini), with species revisions of eight genera, ZooKeys 284, pp. 1-129 : 53-57

Allocota aurata (Bates, 1873) comb. n. Habitus: Figs 18 -21 51 male genitalia: Figs 82 83 103, 104 female genitalia: Figs 118 133

Allocota aurata Bates 1873: 315 (original: Taicona ; type locality: Nagasaki (Japan); lectotype deposited in MNHN); Bates 1876: 5, pl. 1, Fig. 6 ( Taicona ); Jedlička 1963: 448 ( Taicona ); Habu 1967: 141 ( Taicona ); Habu 1982: 106 ( Taicona ); Uéno et al. 1985: 170, pl. 31 Fig. 14 ( Taicona ).

Taicona perroti Jedlička 1963: 448 (type locality: Tonkin; holotype probably deposited in MNHN). Syn. n. [Synonym]

Type examined.

Lectotype of Taicona aurata Bates, designated herein (MNHN): male, body length = 7.2 mm, pin mounted, “NAGASAKI”; “TYPE” [red label]; " Taicona / aurata / Bate s"; "Ex Musaeo / H. W. Bates / 1892"; "Museum Paris / 1952 / Coll. R. Oberthür”; "LECTOTYPE ♂ / Taicona aurata / Bates, 1873 / Des. SHI H. L., 2011" [red label][Fig. 51]. Paralectotypes of Taicona aurata Bates: 1 female (MNHN), “NAGASAKI”; “PARATYPE” [red label]; "Ex Musaeo / H. W. Bates / 1892"; "Mu seum Paris / 1952 / Coll. R. Oberthür”; " Taicona / Bates "; "PARALECTOTYPE ♀ / Taicona aurata / Bates, 1873 / Des. SHI H. L., 2011" [red label]; Labial removed and pinned isolated with 2 labels: " Taicona / aurata "; "Ex Musaeo / H. W. Bates / 1892". 1 female (NHML), “Type” [round label with red circle]; "Japan. / G. Lewis / 1910-320"; " Taicona / aurata / Bates "; "PARALECTOTYPE / Taicona aurata / Bates, 1873 / det. SHI H. L. 2011" [red label]. 1 male (NHML), “NAG”; "Japan. / G. Lewis. / 1910-320"; "Ex coll. Brit. Mus."; “Co-type” [round label with green circle]; " Taicona / aurata / Bates "; "H. E. Andrewes Coll. / B. M. 1945-97"; "PARALECTOTYPE / Taicona aurata / Bates, 1873 / det. SHI H. L. 2011" [red label].

Notes on types.

Taicona aurata Bates. Bates (1873) didn’t state the number of specimens in the type series. We found a total of four specimens bearing Bates’ determination labels in the collection of MNHN and NHML. Two specimens from different collections were both determined and labeled as “type”. We herein designate the male in the collection of MNHN as lectotype ( Fig. 51 ) for taxonomic purpose of fixing the name to unique name-bearing type.

Taicona perroti Jedlička. As indicated in the original description, the holotype of Taicona perroti Jedlička should be in MNHN. But we didn’t find it in MNHN or NMPC where the collection of Jedlička is deposited. We suspect that the holotype is probably still in MNHN, but has been misplaced.

Non-type material examined

(Total 36 specimens). Japan: 2 males, 1 female (OMNH), "KASUGA NARA, 1959.V.31, K. Ueda leg."[Fig. 82]. 1 female (OMNH), "KASUGA NARA, 1959.V.31, T. Tomiwa leg."[Fig. 18]. 1 female (NHML), "Japan. G. Lewis. 1910-320."; "Shiba San Chio 1883". Shaanxi: 1 male, 4 females (IZAS), "Shaanxi, Foping county, Shangshawo, 33.59716°N, 108.01366°E, 1107m, 2007.VIII.15, beating, SHI Hongliang, YANG Ganyan leg."[Figs 104, 118, 133]. Guangdong: 3 males, 1 female (IZAS), "Guangdong, Shixing county, Chebaling, Xianrendong village, 24.73478°N, 114.20727°E, 508m, 2008.VII.23, beating, LIANG Hongbin leg.". Hainan: 1 female (IZAS), "Hainan, Baisha county, Yinggeling Mt., Hongkan reservoir, 19.08121°N, 109.49839°E, 525m, 2009.XI.24, beating, LIANG Hongbin leg.". 1 male, 2 females (IZAS), "Hainan, Baisha county, Nankai, 19.07926°N, 109.41133°E, 262m, 2009.XI.22, beating, LIANG Hongbin leg."[Fig. 19]. 1 specimen (IZAS), "Hainan, Baisha county, Nankai, beating, 2009.11.21, LIANG Hongbin leg.". 1 male, 1 female (IZAS), "Hainan, Baisha county, Nankai, Daoyin village; on vegetation; 19.01021°N, 109.36910°E, 336m, 2010.4.15 D, LIN Meiying leg.". Yunnan: 1 male (IZAS), "China, Yunnan Prov., Fugong, Lumadeng, Yaping vill. Plant beating, 27.13076°N, 98.87447°E; 1295m, 2005.8.25 day, Liang H. B., Zhang J. F. leg.". 1 male (CAS), "China, Yunnan Prov., Fugong, Pihe Town, Wawa, Plant beating, 26.58548°N, 98.90467°E; 1120m, 2005.8.24 day, Liang H. B., Zhang J. F. leg.". 2 males, 2 females (IZAS), "China, Yunnan Prov., Tengchong, Qingshui, Rehai, on vegetation; 24.94861°N, 98.45181°E; 1470m, 2006.6.1 day, Liang H. B., Hu P. leg."[Fig. 20]. 2 males, 1 female (CAS), "China, Yunnan Prov., Tengchong, Mangbang, Longwenqiao, on shrubs; 25.02329°N, 98.67710°E; 1290m, 2006.6.5 day, Liang H. B., Hu P. leg.". 1 female (IZAS), "China, Yunnan, Ruili, Dengga to Mafengshan. N23.95285, E97.59808 - N23.94485, E97.55647; 927-1207m; 2009.VIII.10, Shi H. L. leg. beating". 1 female (IZAS), "Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Xiaomengyang, 850m, 1957.VI.12, WANG Shuyong leg.". 1 male, 1 female (IZAS), "Yunnan, Jinghong, Nabanhe Reserve, Mandian, N.22.13061, E1000.67377, 718m, 2010.IX.30, LIN Meiying leg."[Fig. 21]. 1 male, 2 females (IZAS), "Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun Botany Garden, Lyushilin; 2009.XI.17, 643m, Tang G., Yao Z. Y. leg.". Vietnam: 1 male, 1 female (IZAS), "TONKIN, Hoa-Binh, 1939.VII, leg. A. de Cooman". 1 male (IZAS), "TONKIN, Hoa-Binh, 1940.VII, leg. A. de Cooman"[Figs 83, 103]. 1 male (IZAS), "TONKIN, Hoa-Binh, leg. A. de Cooman". 1 specimen (MNHN), "tonkin, Cap. Fouquet". 1 specimen (MNHN), "Tonkin, Region de, Hoa-Binh". 1 specimen (MNHN), "Tonkin, Reg. De Hoa-Binh, A. De Cooman, 1929". Laos: 1 male (ZSM), "Laos, Umg. Vientiane, III.-VI.1963". Nepal: 1 female (CRS), "W. Nepal, chitwan Distrikt/ Chitwan Nat. Park, 230m,/ Leg. Probst 28.-30.5.1993". 1 male (NHMB), "Jiri-Shivalaya (Khimti Khola) 2500-1800m, 11-12.VI.1987"; "C-Nepal, Janakpur, C. J. Rai"

Diagnosis.

Elytra metallic green or cupreous-green, disc with more or less distinct reddish patch in some specimens; metasternum and abdomen not darker than prosternum; front angles of pronotum with setae very fine and short (as in Fig. 151 ); elytral 7th interval without setigerous pores; internal sac of aedeagus with setose area divided into two parts, apex of secondary flagellum simple.

This species is very close to Allocota viridipennis Motschulsky. We didn’t find significant difference between their male genitalia. These two species can be distinguished by different color on elytra and ventral side, and also by different distribution ( Map 6 ).

Description.

Body length 6.4-8.2 mm; head and pronotum reddish yellow to dark brown; mouthparts yellowish brown, apices of terminal palpomeres paler; 1st antennomere usually slightly paler than the remaining antennomeres; elytra metallic green to cupreous green, sometimes disc with a more or less distinct reddish patch, elytral suture and lateral margins yellowish or metallic; legs reddish yellow to dark brown, usually the same color as pronotum, sometimes slightly darker on apex of femora; ventral side the same color as pronotum; metasternum and abdomen not darker than prosternum. Head glabrous, without punctures, microsculpture indistinct; males with terminal labial palpomeres fusiform, slightly expanded in middle. Pronotum glabrous,cordiform, widest at apical one-third; ratio PW/PL 1.20 to 1.35; pronotal base briefly but distinctly lobed; disc moderately convex, microsculpture indistinct, slightly transverse, without punctures; front angles with a few very fine short setae (distinctly shorter than in Allocota cyanipennis ); lateral margins rounded, slightly expanded in middle, strongly sinuate before hind angles; lateral explanate areas moderately wide, without punctures; hind angles usually acute and sharp; basal foveae very shallow, without punctures; median line very fine, usually indistinct. Elytra with striae slightly distinct, finely punctate; intervals slightly convex, without accessory setae, with a row of very fine punctures; usually with very faint isodiametric microsculpture; 3rd and 5th intervals with four to ten setigerous pores, their positions variable; 7th interval without setigerous pores; setae on lateral margins very fine and short, hardly visible. Legs. Proti biae with cleaning spur absent ( Fig. 140 ); males with adhesive hairs well developed (two whole rows) on first two mesotarsomeres, rudimentary (two rows, weakly present near apex) on 3rd mesotarsomere. Male genitalia with median lobe of aedeagus stout, slightly bent to right side near apex in dorsal view, right margin slightly curved before apical lamella; apical lamella placed on right side, narrow, slightly elongate; internal sac with setose area divided into two parts; apex of secondary flagellum simple, not expanded; trumpet-form expansion with ventral margin more or less expanded ( Figs 82 , 83 ). Female genitalia. Spermatheca straight, tubiform, moderately long; apical part not distinct widened, with very faint ring-sculpture; spermathecal gland inserted near middle of spermatheca, not branched, slightly thickened at base, not longer than spermatheca ( Fig. 133 ). Apical segment of ovipositor very short, slightly longer than width; outer margin straight; inner margin curved, with fine setae on apical half; membranous extension short and wide ( Fig. 118 ).

Distribution

( Map 6 ). Japan, China (Shaanxi, Guangdong, Hainan, Yunnan), Vietnam (Tonkin), Laos, Nepal.

Notes on synonym.

Jedlička (1963) described Taicona perroti based mainly on the distinct reddish patch on elytral disc and bluish metallic color being different from Allocota aurata . These characters are always present in specimens from Tonkin or Hainan. But we didn’t find any difference between this “form” and the typical " Allocota aurata " from Japan in male genitalia or external characters except color. The other characters mentioned by Jedlička (1963), such as differences in pronotal shape and punctures on striae, vary among individuals, so we herein synonymize Taicona perroti Jedlička with Taicona aurata Bates.

Geographical variation.

A total of four different color forms was found in this species from different localities: (1) typical " Allocota aurata " comes from Japan, and was also found in Shaanxi and Guangdong of China; the head and pronotum are reddish brown; elytra metallic green, disc slightly reddish, not forming distinct patch ( Figs 18 , 51 ); (2) specimens from Tonkin, Hainan, Laos and Nepal, namely " Allocota perroti ", with head and pronotum vivider compared to specimens from Japan, elytra metallic green, slightly bluish, disc with large reddish patch reaching 5th or 6th interval, the patch much more distinct than in the "typical Allocota aurata " ( Fig. 19 ); (3) specimens from the southern part of Yunnan (Xishuangbanna) with head, pronotum and legs dark brown; elytra metallic green, disc not reddish ( Fig. 21 ); (4) specimens from the western part of Yunnan (Fugong, Tengchong, Ruili) with head and pronotum slightly darker than in the "typical form", elytra distinctly cupreous, disc not reddish ( Fig. 20 ). These forms were only different in color, but other characters including male genitalia are the same. So we consider them as geographical variation rather than distinct species or subspecies.

Remarks.

This species has male genitalia very similar with Allocota viridipennis Motschulsky implying they could be synonyms. However, their constant differences on elytral and ventral color, as well as the distribution gap make us quite doubtful to synonymize them at present. Therefore, we keep them as distinct species before more specimens are available, especially those from Indo-China.

The shape of right paramere apex is quite different among specimens of this species. ( Figs 103, 104 ) According to examined materials of some other species in Physoderina , we speculate that in this subtribe the shape of right paramere is an intraspecifically variable character, but less variable between different genera ( Figs 95-110 ). Therefore, this character has no taxonomic importance at both species and genus levels.

Figures

Map 6. Known distribution of genus Allocota: ● Allocota aurata (Bates) ★ Allocota cyanipennis Heller ▲ Allocota viridipennis Motschulsky ◆ Allocota bicolor sp. n.

Figure 82. Median lobe of male genitalia, right-lateral, ventral, left-lateral, dorsal views of Allocota aurata (Bates), a specimen from Japan.

Figure 83. Median lobe of male genitalia, right-lateral, ventral, left-lateral, dorsal views of Allocota aurata (Bates), a specimen from Tonkin.

Figures 13 - 18. Habitus, scale bars = 2.0 mm: 13 Diamella cupreomicans (Oberthuer), a specimen from Hainan 14 Allocota viridipennis Motschulsky, a specimen from Java 15 Allocota viridipennis Motschulsky, a specimen from Singapore 16 Allocota cyanipennis Heller, a specimen from Philippines 17 Allocota bicolor sp. n., a paratype from Hainan 18 Allocota aurata (Bates), a specimen from Japan.

Figures 19 - 24. Habitus, scale bars = 2.0 mm: 19 Allocota aurata (Bates), a specimen from Hainan 20 Allocota aurata (Bates), a specimen from Yunnan 21 Allocota aurata (Bates), a specimen from Yunnan 22 Lachnoderma asperum Bates, a specimen from Taiwan 23 Lachnoderma biguttatum Bates, a specimen from Yunnan 24 Dasiosoma quadraticolle sp. n., a paratype from Yunnan.

Figures 49 - 54. Type materials, scale bars = 2.0 mm: 49 Lectotype of Allocota caerulea Andrewes [= Allocota viridipennis Motschulsky] 50 Holotype of Allocota cyanipennis Heller 51 Lectotype of Taicona aurata Bates [= Allocota aurata (Bates)] 52 Holotype of Allocota bicolor sp. n. 53 Syntype of Dasiosoma testaceum Britton 54 Holotype of Dasiosoma hirsutum Basilewsky [= Dasiosoma basilewskyi nom. n.].

Figures 95 - 110. Left and right parameres of male genitalia, scale bars = 0.2 mm: 95 Paraphaea binotata (Dejean), a specimen from Guangxi 96 Paraphaea minor sp. n., holotype 97 Anchista brunnea (Wiedemann), a paralectotype of picea Chaudoir 98 Anchista pilosa sp. n., holotype 99 Metallanchista laticollis sp. n., holotype 100 Physodera amplicollis van de Poll, a specimen from Taiwan 101 Diamella cupreomicans (Oberthuer), a specimen from Yunnan 102 Diamella arrowi (Jedlicka), holotype 103 Allocota aurata (Bates), a specimen from Tonkin 104 Allocota aurata (Bates), a specimen from Shaanxi 105 Allocota bicolor sp. n., holotype 106 Lachnoderma asperum Bates, a specimen from Taiwan 107 Dasiosoma ivorense Basilewsky, a paratype from Cote d'Ivoire 108 Dasiosoma quadraticolle sp. n., holotype 109 Orionella kathmanduensis (Kirschenhofer), a specimen from Nepal 110 Endynomena pradieri (Fairmaire), a specimen from Fujian.

Figures 111 - 125. Left ovipositors of females, ventral view, scale bars = 0.2 mm: 111 Paraphaea binotata (Dejean), a specimen from Guangxi 112 Paraphaea minor sp. n., a paratype from Hainan 113 Paraphaea philippinensis (Jedlicka), holotype 114 Anchista fenestrata fenestrata (Schmidt-Goebel), a specimen from Nepal 115 Physodera dejeani Eschscholtz, a specimen from Yunnan 116 Physodera eschscholtzii Parry, a specimen from Yunnan 117 Diamella cupreomicans (Oberthuer), a specimen from Yunnan 118 Allocota aurata (Bates), a specimen from Shaanxi 119 Allocota bicolor sp. n., a paratype from Guangdong 120 Lachnoderma asperum Bates, a specimen from Zhejiang 121 Dasiosoma bellum (Habu), a specimen from Guangdong 122 Dasiosoma maindroni (Tian & Deuve), a specimen from Tonkin 123 Dasiosoma quadraticolle sp. n., a paratype from Yunnan 124 Orionella lewisii (Bates), a specimen from Zhejiang 125 Endynomena pradieri (Fairmaire), a specimen from Taiwan.

Figures 132 - 137. Internal reproductive system of females, scale bars = 0.2 mm: 132 Diamella cupreomicans (Oberthuer), a specimen from Yunnan 133 Allocota aurata (Bates), a specimen from Shaanxi 134 Allocota bicolor sp. n., a paratype from Yunnan 135 Lachnoderma asperum Bates, a specimen from Zhejiang 136 Dasiosoma maindroni (Tian & Deuve), a specimen from Tonkin 137 Dasiosoma hirsutum (Bates), lectotype.

Figures 138 - 157. Characters of Physoderina. 138 - 139 Internal reproductive system of females, scale bars = 0.2 mm: 138 Dasiosoma quadraticolle sp. n., a paratype from Yunnan 139 Orionella lewisii (Bates), a specimen from Zhejiang. 140 - 142 Right protibia, ventral view, showing the reduction of cleaning spur, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 140 Allocota aurata (Bates) (cleaning spur absent) 141 Allocota bicolor sp. n. (cleaning spur fine) 142 Diamella cupreomicans (Oberthuer) (cleaning spur well developed). 143 - 146 Terminal sternum, showing the setae and male emargination, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 143 Paraphaea binotata (Dejean), male (deeply emarginate, one seta on each side) 144 Paraphaea binotata (Dejean) (straight, two setae on each side), female 145 Allocota aurata (Bates), male (moderately emarginate, two setae on each side) 146 Allocota aurata (Bates), female (straight, two setae on each side, right side unusually with an additional seta). 147 - 148 Umbilical series of 9 th interval, right elytron, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 147 Paraphaea binotata (Dejean) (umbilical series placed in one row) 148 Metallanchista laticollis sp. n. (umbilical series placed in two rows). 149 - 150 Head, showing the different shape of mandibles, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 149 Paraphaea formosana (Jedlicka) (mandibles moderately widen) 150 Allocota bicolor sp. n. (mandibles strongly widen). 151 - 153 Pronotum, showing the different length of setae on front angle, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 151 Allocota viridipennis Motschulsky, (setae short and fine) 152 Allocota cyanipennis Heller, (setae relative long) 153 Allocota bicolor sp. n., (setae very long). 154 - 155 Pronotum, showing the difference on lateral margin, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 154 Anchista fenestrata fenestrata (Schmidt-Goebel), (lateral margin slightly angulated in middle) 155 Paraphaea formosana (Jedlicka), (lateral margin completely rounded in middle). 156 - 157 Pronotal hind angle, showing the geographical variation in Allocota bicolor sp. n., scale bars = 0.2 mm: 156 Allocota bicolor sp. n., a specimen from Guangdong, (hind angle sharp) 157 Allocota bicolor sp. n., holotype from Yunnan, (hind angle slightly rounded).