Sida, Linnaeus, 1753

Grings, Martin & Boldrini, Ilsi Iob, 2022, Synopsis of Sida (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Phytotaxa 542 (2), pp. 105-135 : 107-108

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.2.1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6415524

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F4F879B-0B72-1642-78DD-F84A22F1F8A8

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Sida
status

 

Key to species of Sida View in CoL from Rio Grande do Sul state (Adapted from Brandão et al. 2017)

1. Leaf blades entire; flowers and fruits often aggregated into terminal umbelliform inflorescences; and mericarps indehiscent ......... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... Sida linifolia View in CoL

- Leaf blades crenate, irregularly serrate or basally entire (or subentire, with three teeth at the apex); flowers and fruits often solitary or aggregated into glomerules; mericarps apically dehiscent (indehiscent in S. tuberculata View in CoL var. pseudo-rhombifolia)....................2

2. Stems with distichous lateral branching and leaf arrangement usually flattened; stipules subfalcate to falcate and subequal, dimorphic .....................................................................................................................................................................................................3

- Stems with alternate and helicoidal leaf arrangement; stipules linear to linear-lanceolate, equally arranged, sometimes subfalcate, but not dimorphic ...............................................................................................................................................................................4

3. Mericarps 7–8, aristae 2 mm long, flowers in axillary glomerules............................................................................ Sida planicaulis View in CoL

- Mericarps 8–10, aristae 2–4 mm long, flowers in terminal glomerules............................................................................. Sida reitzii View in CoL

4. Leaf blades linear, elliptic or rhomboid, basally entire, truncate, cuneate or basally rounded, and distally serrate or serrate-crenate, or subentire, with three teeth at the apex........................................................................................................................................... 5

- Leaf blades cordate, lanceolate, ovate, narrowly oblong or suborbicular, basally cordate or subcordate, and serrate-crenate throughout.........................................................................................................................................................................................14

5. Mericarps often muricate; flowers and fruits apically congested with leaves and stipules so as to appear involucellate; leaf blades basally rounded, calyx not ribbed.......................................................................................................................................................6

- Mericarps smooth in the upper portion and reticulate in the lower portion; flowers and fruits not apically congested with leaves and stipules not so as to appear involucellate; leaf blades basally rhomboid, truncate or cuneate; calyx usually 10-ribbed...................7

6. Leaf blades linear (rarely linear-lanceolate), serrate in the upper half; flowers 2 cm in diameter; fruits with 7–8 mericarps ............ ........................................................................................................................................................................................ Sida anomala View in CoL

- Leaf blades cuneate-truncate, subentire, with three teeth at the apex; flowers 2.5 cm in diameter; fruits with 5 mericarps............... ...................................................................................................................................................................................... Sida paradoxa View in CoL

7. Mericarps 5; stipules persistent in the stems after the leaves fall..................................................................................... Sida viarum View in CoL

- Mericarps 6–14; stipules not persistent in the stems after the leaves fall ..........................................................................................8

8. Flowers in glomerules with bifid bracts ........................................................................................................................ Sida lonchitis View in CoL

- Flowers solitary or in glomerules without bifid bracts.......................................................................................................................9

9. Flowers in terminal or axillary glomerules; calyx base, pedicels and veins of abaxial surface of leaves with simple trichomes ....... .................................................................................................................................................................................... Sida ramoniana View in CoL

- Flowers solitary, axillary or congested in the apex of stems; calyx base, pedicels and veins of abaxial surface of leaves without simple trichomes...............................................................................................................................................................................10

10. Mericarps 6–8; calyx with simple trichomes at the apex of lobes ............................................................................ Sida tuberculata View in CoL

- Mericarps 9–14; calyx without simple trichomes at the apex of lobes ............................................................................................11

11. Yellowish foliage; aristae and apex of mericarps with yellowish stellate trichomes ..................................................... Sida glaziovii View in CoL

- Greenish foliage; aristae and apex of mericarps with whitish stellate trichomes.............................................................................12

12. Adaxial surface of leaf blades only with small stellate trichomes; abaxial surface farinaceous with small stellate trichomes........... ................................................................................................................................................................................... Sida rhombifolia View in CoL

- Adaxial surface of leaves with simple trichomes; abaxial surface of leaves tomentose or with sparse stellate trichomes .............13

13. Leaf blades ovate-rhombic or lanceolate-rhombic; abaxial surface glabrescent, with sparse stellate trichomes and with tertiary veins forming a characteristic reticulate; mericarps aristae 1 mm long .............................................................. Sida farroupilhensis View in CoL

- Leaf blades narrowly elliptic, narrowly oblong or oblong; abaxial surface tomentose, with tertiary veins not forming a reticulate; mericarps aristae greater than 1 mm long............................................................................................................... Sida potentilloides View in CoL

14. Mericarps, styles and stigmas uniformly 5, the aristae, when present, with antrorse trichomes .....................................................15

- Mericarps, styles and stigmas 7 or more, the aristae, when present, with retrorse or stellate trichomes.........................................19

15. Leaf blades ovate to lanceolate (if cordate, apex not acuminate), apex acute to rounded; calyx lobes uniformly colored .............16

- Leaf blades cordate, apex acuminate; calyx lobes with dark green margins....................................................................................18

16. Prostrate herbs; leaf blades suborbicular or cordate; mericarps muticous ...................................................................... Sida confusa View in CoL

- Erect subshrubs; leaf blades broadly ovate, lanceolate or narrowly oblong, subcordate; mericarps 2-spined ................................17

17. Mericarps dorsal face covered only by a hyaline membrane easily breakable ................................................................ Sida riedelii View in CoL

- Mericarps dorsal face hard and reticulated, not easily breakable.................................................................................... Sida spinosa View in CoL

18. Decumbent or scandent herbs; mericarps muticous or submuticous................................................................................... Sida urens View in CoL

- Erect subshrubs; mericarps aristate ........................................................................................................................... Sida nemorensis View in CoL

19. Mericarps muticous or submuticous; aristae up to 0.5 mm long......................................................................................................20

- Mericarps aristate; aristae greater than 0.5 mm long .......................................................................................................................21

20. Prostate or decumbent subshrubs; petals 20 mm long, yellow or pink; mericarps 4 × 2.5 mm .................................... Sida rubifolia View in CoL

- Erect subshrubs; petals 10–14 mm long, pink; mericarps 3 × 2 mm ............................................................................. Sida regnellii View in CoL

21. Leaf blades ovate or cordiform, rarely suborbicular, with base cordate or subcordate (rarely truncate)..................... Sida cordifolia View in CoL

- Leaf blades lanceolate or narrowly oblong with base subcordate or truncate..................................................................................22

22. Petioles sulcate; leaf blades narrowly ovate, with margin undulate; calyx with trichomes 1–2 mm long; corolla orange or salmon, often with a red spot at the adaxial base of petals ................................................................................................... Sida cerradoensis View in CoL

- Petioles cylindrical; leaf blades narrowly oblong, with margin not undulate; calyx with trichomes 0.5 mm long; corolla pink (rarely light yellow), without a red spot at the abaxial base of petals............................................................................................ Sida dubia View in CoL

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