Trilacuna bangla Grismado and Ramírez, 2014

Grismado, Cristian J., Deeleman, Christa, Piacentini, Luis N., Izquierdo, Matías A. & Ramírez, Martín J., 2014, Taxonomic Review Of The Goblin Spiders Of The Genus Dysderoides Fage And Their Himalayan Relatives Of The Genera Trilacuna Tong And Li And Himalayana, New Genus (Araneae: Oonopidae), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2014 (387), pp. 1-108 : 57-69

Trilacuna bangla Grismado and Ramírez , new species

Figures 42–47 , 48A, C, E , 49–51

TYPES: Male holotype and one male paratype from India: West Bengal: Darjeeling: Tonglu , top and near the top, 3100 m, Oct. 16, 1978, C. Besuchet and I. Löbl ( MHNG PBI_OON 15539 ); one female paratype from the same locality, date, and collectors; north slope, 2700 m ( MHNG PBI _OON 12779) . Additional paratypes: Darjeeling: between Algarah and Labha , 7 km from Algarah , south side, 1900 m, Oct. 11, 1978, C. Besuchet and I. Löbl, three males and 10 females ( MHNG PBI_OON 12833 ).

ETYMOLOGY: Bangla is an adjective that means ‘‘Bengali’’ in the local language of West Bengal, India, the state where the type locality is.

DIAGNOSIS: The male of T. bangla is almost indistinguishable from that of T. aenobarba , but differs by the slightly longer bulb and, especially, by the unmodified palpal femur (fig. 48C, E). Females are similar to those of T. hazara by the reticulated sternum, but they are usually larger, they have longer posterior lateral apodemes in the genitalia (fig. 48A), and a less pronounced dorsal conical projection of the carapace (fig. 49F).

DESCRIPTION: Male (paratype, PBI_OON 12833). Total length 1.89. Cephalothorax: Carapace orange-brown, pars cephalica strongly elevated in lateral view, sides granulate; lateral margin rebordered; nonmarginal pars cephalica setae light, in U-shaped row; nonmarginal pars thoracica setae light, needlelike; marginal setae absent. Clypeus vertical in lateral view, median projection absent; setae light, needlelike. All eyes subequal, oval; posterior eye row recurved from above, straight from front; ALE separated by their radius to diameter, ALE–PLE touching, PME touching throughout most of their length, PLE–PME separated by less than PME radius. Sternum longer than wide, orange-brown, reticulated microsculpture covering entire surface, posterior margin not extending posteriorly of coxae IV, precoxal triangles present, lateral margins with narrow extensions between coxae; setae abundant, evenly scattered, originating from surface. Mouthparts: chelicerae, endites, and labium orange-brown. Chelicerae straight; fangs directed posteriorly. Retromargin with a patch of small denticles before the blunt subdistal projection (as in fig. 42E). Endites distally not excavated. Abdomen: Dorsum soft portions white. Book lung covers large, round. Posterior spiracles connected by a shallow groove (figs. 47A–B, 51B). Pedicel ribbed. Dorsal scutum orange-brown, covering more than 1/2 to most of abdomen width. Epigastric scutum not protruding. Postepigastric scutum orange-brown, long, semicircular, covering nearly full length of abdomen, fused to epigastric scutum. Spinneret scutum present, incomplete ring. Dorsum setae dark, needlelike. Epigastric area setae uniform, dark, needlelike, with a patch of strong, enlarged, posteriorly directed setae on the posterior margin of the epigastric scutum, with smooth shaft base and asparaguslike tips (figs. 47A–C, 51B). Postepigastric area setae dark, needlelike. Colulus present, with two setae. Legs: Orange-brown; patella plus tibia I shorter than carapace. Cuticle with elongated platelets with pores (as in fig. 43N). Leg spination (all spines longer than segment width): leg I: tibia v2-2-2-2-0, metatarsi v2-2-0; leg II: tibia v2-2-2-2-0, metatarsi v2-2-0. Trichobothria: tibia: each with three; metatarsus: each with one; opening longitudinally narrowed; hood covered by numerous low, closely spaced, mostly transverse ridges, differentiated from the distal plate mainly by this distinct ridging and by two lateral incomplete grooves, both of which nearly at same level; basal expansion of trichobothrial setae with annular ridges (fig. 46G–O); tarsal organs (fig. 46P– T) with two sensilla visible in the palp, legs III–IV, three in legs I–II, distal one very small (fig. 46Q–R). Genitalia: Epigastric region with sperm pore small, circular, situated in front of anterior spiracles, unmodified. Palp proximal segments orange-brown; embolus short, straight; tibial trichobothria with opening slightly less elongated than in legs (fig. 46G); cymbium orange-brown, bulb pale orange, tapering apically, distal part with a set of laminae with hairlike structures surrounding the base of the embolus; the dorsal lamina is broad, fully covering the embolus from above, the prolateral one is very short, situated at base of the dorsal lamina; a further lamina extending ventrally, surpassing the embolar tip. Embolus nearly straight, with flattened tip (fig. 47E–I). Internally, the thin, tortuous glandular tube discharges near the most ventral of the ‘‘hairy’’ paraembolic laminae (fig. 47J–L).

Female (paratype, PBI_OON 12833). Total length 2.33. As in male except as noted. Abdomen: Posterior spiracles connected by groove (fig. 4H). Dorsal scutum covering full length of abdomen. Posterior margin of epigastric scutum straight. Postepigastric scutum long, almost rectangular, covering about 3/4 of abdominal length. Colulus with one seta. Legs: Pale orange. Leg spination as in male. Superior tarsal claws with an enlarged distal tooth, giving appearance of bifid claws (fig. 4D). Genitalia: Posterior receptacle relatively small, rounded, lateral apodemes very long, posteriorly directed (figs. 45B, 48A); plus two narrow, diagonal, posterior apodemes near the tracheal spiracle, visible through the cuticle as darker marks (figs. 48A, 49H). Copulatory opening small, only visible after the artificial separation of the transverse plates (fig. 45G, H), in this area open the small internal glands through tiny pores (fig. 45E, F, I); anterior sclerite T-shaped, apparently functioning as a cap locking the anterior orifice of the posterior receptacle (fig. 4C).

OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: INDIA: West Bengal: Darjeeling: Algarah , 1800 m, Oct. 9, 1978, C. Besuchet and I. Löbl, 1♀ ( MHNG PBI_OON 12765 ) ; Ghoom, Tigerhill , south side, 2300 m, Oct. 13, 1978, C. Besuchet and I. Löbl, 1♀ ( MHNG PBI_ OON 15317 ) ; Tigerhill, 2600 m, Oct. 18, 1978, C. Besuchet and I. Löbl, 2♀ ( MHNG PBI_OON 12819 ), 1♂ ( MHNG PBI _OON 15412) ; NEPAL: Bagmati: above Shermathang, 2900 m, Apr. 26, 1981, I. Löbl, A. Smetana, 1♂ ( MACN-Ar 28837 PBI_ OON 15269 ) ; Malemchi, in rotten branches, leaves, grass, and moss, 2800 m, Apr. 17, 1981, I. Löbl, A. Smetana, 1♀ ( MACN-Ar 28836 , PBI_OON 15259 ) ; Dobate Ridge northeast of Barahbise , leaf litter and moss in the oak forest, 2700 m, May 2, 1981, I. Löbl, A. Smetana, 2♀ ( MHNG PBI_OON 15265 ) . Dhawalagiri: Myagdi Khola: Boghara , 1800 m, May 26, 1995, J. Martens and W. Schawaller, 1♀ ( NMBE PBI_OON 15841 ); 1♂ ( NMBE PBI_OON 15841 ) . Gandaki: Gorkha: Buri Gandaki, Nyak , Pinus excelsa, 2450 m , Aug. 1, 1983, J. Martens and W. Schawaller, 2♂ ( SGN PBI_OON 15753 ); 1♀ ( SGN PBI_OON 15753 ) ; Manang: Marayandi , 2200 m, Apr. 12, 1980, to Apr. 13, 1980, Martens, Ausobsky, 1♀ ( SGN PBI _OON 15750) ; Marsyandi, 2550 m, Apr. 14, 1980, to Apr. 17, 1980, Martens and Ausobsky, 1♀ ( SGN PBI _OON 15756) . Kosi: Sankhuwasawa: forest south of Mangsingma , 2200 m, Apr. 11, 1984, I. Löbl, A. Smetana, 1♀ ( MHNG PBI_OON 15310 ) ; Goru Dzure Dara, east side, 3350 m, Apr. 9, 1984, I. Löbl, A. Smetana, 1♂ ( MHNG PBI_OON 15513 ) ; pass northeast of Mangmaya, dry forest on north face, 2300 m, Apr. 6, 1984, I. Löbl, A. Smetana, 1♀ ( MHNG PBI_OON 15663 ) ; peak south of Mangsingma, bamboo-moss forest, leaf litter of bamboo and Rhododendron, 2800 m , Apr. 7, 1984, I. Löbl, A. Smetana, 3♀ ( MHNG PBI_OON 15666 ) ; Valley Induwa Kola , 2000 m, Apr. 14, 1984, I. Löbl, A. Smetana, 2♀ ( MHNG PBI_OON 15311 ) . Mechi: Ilam: Gitang Khola , 2550 m, Mar. 28, 1980, to Mar. 31, 1980, Martens, Ausobsky, 1♂ ( SGN PBI _OON 15723); 3♀ ( SGN PBI _ OON 15723) ; Panchthar: Paniporua , mixed broad-leaved forest, moss forest litter, 2300 m, Apr. 16, 1988, to Apr. 20, 1988, J. Martens and W. Schawaller, 1♂ ( SGN PBI _OON 15731); 3♀ ( SGN PBI _OON 15731) ; Paniporua , 2300 m, Apr. 16, 1988, to Apr. 20, 1988, J. Martens and W. Schawaller, 1♀ ( SGN PBI _OON 15761) ; zw. Deorali, Puspati u. Sheldoti , 2800 m, Aug. 28, 1983, Martens, Daams, 1♀ ( SGN PBI _OON 15743); 1♂ ( SGN PBI _OON 15743) ; Taplejung: Lasse Dhara ridge and Alm Lassetham , 3300 m, Sept. 6, 1983, to Sept. 7, 1983, Martens, Daams, 1♂ ( SGN PBI _OON 15773); 2♀ ( SGN PBI _OON 15773) ; Omje Kharka NW Yamputhin , 2500 m, May 1, 1988 to May 6, 1988, J. Martens and W. Schawaller, 1♂ ( SGN PBI _OON 15728) ; pasture Lassetham NW Yamputhin, mature Abies-Rhododendron forest , 3500 m, May 6, 1988, to May 9, 1988, J. Martens and W. Schawaller, 2♂ ( SGN PBI _OON 15770); 1♀ ( SGN PBI _OON 15770) ; upper Simbua Khola Valley, near Tseram, mature Abies-Rhododendron forest , 3350 m, May 10, 1988, to May 15, 1988, J. Martens and W. Schawaller, 1♀ ( SGN PBI _OON 15982) ; upper Simbua Khola, ascent to pasture Lassetham, mature mixed Tsuga-Rhododendron -broad-leaved forest, 3150 m, May 15, 1988, J. Martens and W. Schawaller, 2♂ ( SGN PBI _OON 15746) ; Yamputhin ascent to pass Deorali , cultural land, bush, 2600 m, May 16, 1988, J. Martens and W. Schawaller, 1♀ ( SGN PBI _OON 15755) ; Panchthar Dist. upper running for Mai Majuwa Khola, Dhorpar Kharka , 2700 m, Aug. 27, 1983, to Aug. 28, 1983, Martens, Daams, 1♀ ( SGN PBI _OON 15712) ; Sankhua Distr., above Pahakhola , Quercus semecarpifolia-Rhododendron, 2600 m, May 31, 1988, to June 3, 1988, J. Martens, W. Schawaller, 3♀ ( SGN PBI _OON 15975); 5♂ ( SGN PBI _OON 15975) ; Jan. 1, 1983, J. Martens, 1♂ ( SGN PBI _OON 15763).

DISTRIBUTION: Apparently widely distributed in northeastern India (West Bengal) and Nepal (from Dhawalagiri to Mechi) between 1800 to 3500 m.

Figures

Fig. 42. Trilacuna bangla, new species, female (PBI_OON 12833). A. Carapace, anterior view. B. Same, ventral view. C. Chelicerae, ventral view. D. Labium, ventral view. E. Cheliceral fangs, ventral view (PBI_OON 15975). F. Margin of sternum, ventral view.

Fig. 43. Trilacuna bangla, new species, female (PBI_OON 12833), leg morphology. A. Leg I, prolateral view. B. Leg II, prolateral view. C. Leg III, prolateral view. D. Leg IV, prolateral view. E. Coxa I, ventral view. F. Tibia II, prolateral view. G. Tibia IV, dorsal view. H. Tarsus I, anterior view. I. Tarsus II, prolateral. J. Tarsus III, prolateral view. K. Tarsus IV, prolateral view. L. Platelet on coxa I. M. Platelet on coxa II. N. Platelets on tibia II.

Fig. 44. Trilacuna bangla, new species, female (PBI_OON 12833). A–D. Tarsal claws, prolateral view. A. Leg I. B. Leg II. C. Leg III. D. Leg IV. E–H. Tarsal organs. E. Leg I. F. Leg II. G. Leg III. H. Leg IV.

Fig. 45. Trilacuna bangla, new species, female (A, PBI_OON 15975, B–F, PBI_OON 12833). Genitalic morphology. A. Epigastric area, ventral view. B. Internal genitalia, dorsal view (transverse plates artificially separated). C. Same, oblique view (double arrow connecting the anterior orifice of the posterior receptacle and the T-shaped anterior sclerite). D. Posterior receptacle, dorsal view, showing its anterior orifice. E. Same, lateral view (arrows = field of glands). F. Same, detail of the glands. G. Transverse genital plates, anterior view (arrow = copulatory opening; asterisk = lateral pore fields). H. Detail of the copulatory opening. I. Detail of the lateral pores.

Fig. 46. Trilacuna bangla, new species, male (PBI_OON 12833). Leg morphology. A. Leg I, prolateral view. B. Leg II, prolateral view. C. Leg III, retrolateral view. D–F. Tarsal claws. D. Leg I, anterior view. E. Leg II, prolateral view. F. Leg IV, anterior view. G–O. Trichobothria. G. Palpal tarsus. H. Tibia I. I. Tibia II. J. Tibia III. K. Tibia IV. L. Metatarsus I. M. Metatarsus II. N. Metatarsus III. O. Metatarsus IV. P–T. Tarsal organs. P. Palp. Q. Leg I. R. Leg II. S. Leg III. T. Leg IV.

Fig. 47. Trilacuna bangla, new species, male (A–D, G, PBI_OON 15975, E–F, H–I, PBI_OON 12833). Genitalic morphology. A. Epigastric area, ventral view. B. Same, posterior view. C. Same, detail of the stout setae. D. Sperm pore. E. Left palp, prolateral view. F. Copulatory bulb, dorsal view. G. Embolus and accompanying laminae, prolateral view. H. Same, detail of embolus tip. I. Same, anterior view. J. Longitudinal section of the left palp, retrolateral view. K. Same, detail of the glandular tube. L. Detail of the apical part of the bulb. GT = internal glandular tube; SD? = sperm duct remnant?; T = longitudinal tendon of muscle M29; black arrow = presumable trajectory of the distal part of the glandular tube.

Fig. 48. Trilacuna spp. A, C, E. T. bangla, new species (PBI_OON 12833). A. Female. C, E. Male. B, D. T. aenobarba (Brignoli), male holotype. A. Internal female genitalia, dorsal view. AP = apodemes; AS = anterior sclerite; GT= glandular tube; PR = posterior receptacle. B, C. Left palpi, prolateral view. D, E. Anterior part of carapace, lateral view, showing the enlarged palpal femur of T. aenobarba (arrow, in D).

Fig. 49. Trilacuna bangla, new species, female (PBI_OON 14770). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Same, ventral view. C. Same, lateral view. D. Carapace, dorsal view. E. Same, ventral view. F. Same, lateral view. G. Habitus, anterior view. H. Epigastric area, ventral view.

Fig. 50. Trilacuna bangla, new species, male (PBI_OON 12833). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Same, ventral view. C. Same, lateral view. D. Carapace, dorsal view. E. Same, ventral view. F. Same, lateral view.

Fig. 51. Trilacuna bangla, new species, male (PBI_OON 12833). A. carapace, anterior view. B. Abdomen, ventral view. C. Left palp, retrolateral view. D. Same, dorsal view. E. Same, prolateral view.