Glenognatha vivianae, Cabra-García & Brescovit, 2016

Jimmy Cabra-García & Antonio D. Brescovit, 2016, Revision and phylogenetic analysis of the orb-weaving spider genus Glenognatha Simon, 1887 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae), Zootaxa 4069 (1), pp. 1-183 : 100-102

Glenognatha vivianae new species

( Figs. 80–84 , 135 )

Types. Male holotype from Barragem do Rio Paraitinga, Salesópolis, São Paulo, Brazil, [23º32´5.42´´S, 45º46´56.62´´W], elev. [870m], 11–18.vi.2002, Eq. IBSP leg., deposited in IBSP 163681 ; Paratypes: 13♂ 10♀ from the type locality, 11–18.vi.2002, Eq. IBSP leg., deposited in IBSP 147861; 1♂ from Reserva Natural da Cachoeira , Antonina, Paraná, Brazil, [25º24´2,4´´S, 48º41´18.75´´W], elev. [100m], 28.vi–2.vii.2003, H . Hofer et al. leg., deposited in IBSP 131182 ; 1♂ 2♀ from Estaçao Braskem de Proteçao Ambiental , Triunfo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, [29º56´28,27´´S, 51º41´24.41´´W], elev. [6m], 19.xi.2002, R. Ott leg., deposited in MCN 34952 ; 1♂ 1♀ from Parque do Estado de São Paulo , São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, [23º39´11,45´´S, 46º37´47.15´´W], elev. [811m], 13–20.v.2002, J. Valvassori leg., deposited in IBSP 59239 .

Etymology. The species epithet is in honor of the first author’s wife, Viviana Motato-Vásquez, in acknowledgment of her constant support and encouragement. The name is a noun in genitive.

Diagnosis. Males of G. vivianae can be easily distinguished from all other Glenognatha species by the bifurcated embolus tip ( Figs. 82D , 84C ). Females resemble those of G. australis by the bean-shaped spermathecae ( Figs. 83 A –D ); distinguished from the latter species by having the Prt1 and Prt 2 subequal in size ( Fig. 81D ).

Male (holotype). Habitus as in Figures 80 A –D . Carapace brown, darker along furrows. Sternum brown with darker edges. Abdomen oval, with two irregular dusky bands that join medially in the posterior region. Silver guanine spots scattered in two longitudinal bands dorsally and in lateral surfaces. Venter with a median dusky band that ramifies laterally from posterior tracheal spiracle, guanine silver spots absent. Legs pale yellow-brownish. Tracheal spiracle well-sclerotized. Total length 2.20. Cephalothorax 1.00 long, 0.81 wide, 0.72 high. Abdomen 1.25 long, 1.00 wide, 1.00 high. Sternum 0.52 long, 0.55 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.09. ALE 0.08. PME 0.10. PLE 0.08. AME-AME 0.10, AME-ALE 0.09, PME-PME 0.11, PME-PLE 0.09, ALE-PLE 0.01. Clypeus height 2.11. Chelicerae brownish. Three promarginal and four retromarginal teeth ( Figs. 81 A-C). Ret 1 on the posterior surface ( Fig. 81B ). Leg measurements: I: femur 1.50, patella 0.37, tibia 1.55, metatarsus 1.25, tarsus 0.72, total 5.40; II: 1.30, 0.37, 1.28, 1.00, 0.65, 4.61; III: 0.97, 0.25, 0.72, 0.65, 0.30, 2.90; IV: 1.25, 0.25, 1.05, 0.90, 0.47, 3.92. DTS 0.16. DTE 0.52. Palp as in Figures 82E–H . Conductor lamina apically rounded ( Figs. 82 A – C , 84 A –B ). Embolus tip bifurcated ( Figs. 82D , 84C ).

Female (IBSP 147809). Coloration and general habitus as in male ( Figs. 80E–H ). Tracheal spiracle wellsclerotized. Total length 2.55. Cephalothorax 1.08 long, 0.93 wide, 0.8 high. Abdomen 1.45 long, 1.30 wide, 1.32 high. Sternum 0.6 long, 0.65 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.09. ALE 0.08. PME 0.09. PLE 0.08. AME-AME 0.08, AME-ALE 0.08, PME-PME 0.11, PME-PLE 0.11, ALE-PLE 0.01. Clypeus height 2.10. Chelicerae brownish, with three promarginal and four retromarginal teeth ( Figs. 81D–F ). Leg measurements: I: femur 1.52, patella 0.37, tibia 1.45, metatarsus 1.30, tarsus 0.75, total 5.40; II: 1.30, 0.37, 1.25, 1.17, 0.62, 4.72; III: 1.07, 0.27, 0.62, 0.68, 0.38, 3.05; IV: 1.25, 0.27, 1.05, 0.92, 0.50, 4.00. DTS 0.18. DTE 0.60. Tracheal system as in Figures 83E–G . Genitalia with bean-shaped spermathecae ( Fig. 83 A –D ). Uterus externus divided into two distinct portions ( Fig. 83 A –C ).

Variation. Male total length 1.7–2.5 (N = 10; average 2.1), cephalothorax length 0.9–1.2 (N = 10; average 1.0), femur I length 1.2–1.5 (N = 10; average 1.4). Female total length 2.1–3.2 (N = 10; average 2.5), cephalothorax length 1.0–1.3 (N = 10; average 1.1), femur I length 1.1–1.5 (N = 10; average 1.3).

Distribution. Known from the states of São Paulo, Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil ( Fig. 135 ).

Additional material examined (N =1096). BRAZIL: São Paulo : São Paulo, Parque do Estado , [23º39´S, 46º37´W], elev. [811m], pitfall, 1–7.xi.2001, J. Valvassori, leg., 1♀ ( IBSP 59154 ) ; 1♂ (IBSP 59155); 1♀ (IBSP 59233); 1♂ (IBSP 59234); 2♂ (IBSP 59235); 1♂ (IBSP 59236); 2 ♀ (IBSP 59237); 1♂ (IBSP 59238); 6♂ (IBSP 59240); 2♀ (IBSP 59242); 1♂ (IBSP 59243); 13–20.v.2002, 1 ♀ (IBSP 59244); 2♂ 2 ♀ (IBSP 59245); 1♀ (IBSP 59246); 1♂ (IBSP 59247); 1♀ (IBSP 59248); 1♀ ( IBSP 59250 ); Biritiba Mirim, Barragem do rio Biritiba-Mirim , [23º33´S, 46º2´W], elev. [751m], 10–15.v.2003, Equipe Biota leg. , 1♀ (IBSP 117427); 1♀ (IBSP 117428); 1 immature (IBSP 11 7429); 1♂ (IBSP 117430); 1♂ (IBSP 117431); 1♂ (IBSP 117432); 1♂ (IBSP 117433); 1♂ (IBSP 117434); 1 immature (IBSP 117435); 1 immature (IBSP 117436); 1♂ (IBSP 117437); 1♂ (IBSP 117438); 1♀ (IBSP 117439); 1 immature (IBSP 117440); 1♀ (IBSP 117441); 1 immature (IBSP 147790); 10–15.v.2003, 3♀ (IBSP 147791); 10–15.v.2003, 2♂ (IBSP 147792); 10–15.v.2003, 1♂ 1♀ ( IBSP 147793 ); Salesópolis, Barragem do Rio Paraitinga, [23º32´S, 45º46´W], elev. [870m], 18–25.vi.2002, Eq . IBSP leg., 1♀ (IBSP 146596); 1♂ (IBSP 147309); 1♀ (IBSP 147311); 11–18.vi.2002, 11♂ 2♀ (IBSP 147642); 17♂ 3♀ (IBSP 147643); 3♂ 2♀ (IBSP 147644); 4♂ 5♀ (IBSP 147645); 2♂ 1♀ (IBSP 147646); 10♂ 4♀ (IBSP 147647); 5♂ 7♀ (IBSP 147648); 4♂ 13♀ (IBSP 147649); 9♂ 6♀ (IBSP 147650); 13♂ 1♀ (IBSP 147651); 7♂ 2♀ (IBSP 147652); 2♂ (IBSP 147653); 6♂ 6♀ (IBSP 147654); 11♂ 6♀ (IBSP 147655); 3♂ 4♀ (IBSP 147656); 4♂ 3♀ (IBSP 147657); 13♂ 2♀ (IBSP 147658); 11–18.vi.2002, 7♂ 4♀ (IBSP 147797); 9♂ 6♀ (IBSP 147798); 2♂ 1♀ (IBSP 147799); 12♂ 8♀ (IBSP 147800); 7♂ 1♀ (IBSP 147801); 1♂ 3♀ (IBSP 147802); 3♂ (IBSP 147803); 4♂ 4♀ (IBSP 147804); 5♂ 6♀ (IBSP 147805); 3♂ 4♀ (IBSP 147806); 2♂ 1♀ (IBSP 147807); ♂ 3♀ (IBSP 147808); 3♂ 5♀ (IBSP 147809); 11♂ 7♀ (IBSP 147810); 4♂ 2♀ (IBSP 147811); 11♂ 5♀ (IBSP 147812); 3♂ 2♀ (IBSP 147813); 7♂ 4♀ (IBSP 147814); 6♂ 4♀ (IBSP 147815); 6♂ 5♀ (IBSP 147816); 9♂ 10♀ (IBSP 147817); 2♂ 3♀ (IBSP 147818); 8♂ 4♀ 1 immature (IBSP 147819); 9♂ 7♀ 1 immature (IBSP 147820); 7♂ 1♀ (IBSP 147821); 2♂ 5♀ (IBSP 147822); 5♂ 2♀ (IBSP 147823); 1♀ (IBSP 147824); 3♂ 3♀ 2 immature (IBSP 147825); 9♂ 6♀ 1 immature (IBSP 147 826); 12♂ 17♀ (IBSP 147827); 6♂ 2♀ 1 immature (IBSP 1 47828); 8♂ 3♀ (IBSP 147829); 10♂ 1♀ (IBSP 147830); 28♂ 29♀ 1 immature (IBSP 147 831); 6♂ 5♀ (IBSP 147832); 6♂ 8♀ (IBSP 147833); 9♂ 3♀ (IBSP 147834); 2♂ 3♀ (IBSP 147835); 3♂ 1♀ (IBSP 147836); 3♂ 1♀ (IBSP 147837); 4♂ 6♀ (IBSP 147838); 10♂ 4♀ (IBSP 147839); 4♂ 3♀ (IBSP 147840); 4♂ 3♀ (IBSP 147841); 3♂ (IBSP 147842); 5♂ 1♀ (IBSP 147843); 7♂ 5♀ (IBSP 147844); 5♂ 8♀ (IBSP 147845); 2♂ (IBSP 147846); 9♂ 1♀ (IBSP 147847); 9♂ 5♀ (IBSP 147848); 3♂ 4♀ (IBSP 147849); 5♂ 3♀ (IBSP 147850); 3♂ 3♀ (IBSP 147851); 5♂ 4♀ (IBSP 147852); 2♂ 2♀ (IBSP 147853); 11♂ 4♀ (IBSP 147854); 1♂ 2♀ (IBSP 147855); 8♂ 2♀ (IBSP 147856); 9♂ 5♀ (IBSP 147857); 6♂ 15♀ (IBSP 147858); 6♂ 2♀ (IBSP 147859); 13♂ 8♀ (IBSP 147860); 12♂ 4♀ (IBSP 147862); 12♂ 4♀ (IBSP 149115); 4♂ 10♀ (IBSP 149202); 9♂ 6♀ (IBSP 149203); 2♂ (IBSP 149204); 3♂ (IBSP 149205); 4♂ 2♀ (IBSP 149206); 1♂ 1♀ (IBSP 149207); 4♂ 1♀ (IBSP 149208); 4♂ 4♀ (IBSP 149209); 3♂ 4♀ (IBSP 149210); 7♂ 6♀ (IBSP 149211); 3♂ 3♀ (IBSP 149212); 7♂ 13♀ (IBSP 149213); 13♂ 3♀ (IBSP 149214); 7♂ 3♀ (IBSP 149215); 16♂ 4♀ (IBSP 149216); 3♂ 2♀ (IBSP 149217); 2♂ 2♀ (IBSP 149218).

Figures

FIGURE 80. Glenognatha vivianae new species from Brazil (IBSP 147809). A – D, male habitus. A, dorsal. B, lateral. C, ventral. D, frontal. E – H, female habitus. E, dorsal. F, lateral. G, ventral. H, frontal. Scale bars, 200 µm. TS: posterior tracheal spiracle.

FIGURE 81. Glenognatha vivianae new species from Brazil (Paratype, IBSP 147861). A – C, male left chelicerae. A, anterior. B, posterior. C, mesal. D – F, female left chelicerae. D, anterior. E, posterior. F, mesal. Scale bars, 100 µm. Prt: promarginal tooth. Ret: retromarginal tooth.

FIGURE 82. Glenognatha vivianae new species from Brazil. A – D, male left palp, schematic (Paratype, IBSP 147861). A, ventral. B, conductor, ventral. C, conductor, dorsal. D, embolus, ventral. E – H, male left palp (IBSP 147809). E, ventral. F, dorsal. G, prolateral. H, retrolateral. Scale bars, 100 µm. C: conductor. CB: cymbium. CRa: conductor retrolateral apophysis. E: embolus. ED: ejaculatory duct. EMg: embolic medial groove. F: fundus. P: paracymbium. T: tegulum. TO: tarsal organ.

FIGURE 83. Glenognatha vivianae new species from Brazil. A – C, female genitalia (arrows, uterus externus portions). A, dorsal. B, ventral. C, lateral. D, spermathecae and copulatory duct. E – G, female tracheal system. E, tracheal spiracle, posterior view. F, dorsal. G, median trunk distal. Scale bars, 100 µm (F), 20 µm (A – C), 10 µm (D – E, G). CD: copulatory duct. LT: lateral trunk. LSD: long-stem ducts. MC: membranous chamber. MT: median trunk. UE: uterus externus.

FIGURE 84. Glenognatha vivianae new species from Brazil. A – F, male left palp. A, ventral. B, embolus and conductor, ventral. C, embolus tip. D, anteroretrolateral. E, embolus and conductor, dorsoretrolateral. F, cymbium. Scale bars, 100 µm (A), 50 µm (B, D – F), 10 µm (C). C: conductor. CRa: conductor retrolateral apophysis. E: embolus. EMg: embolic medial groove. T: tegulum. TO: tarsal organ.

FIGURE 135. Distribution of G. vivianae new species, G. timbira new species and G. australis.