Tulipa tubergeniana Hoog, 1904

Tojibaev, Komiljon, Dekhkonov, Davron, Ergashov, Ibrokhimjon, Sun, Hang, Deng, Tao & Yusupov, Ziyoviddin, 2022, The synopsis of the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Uzbekistan, Phytotaxa 573 (2), pp. 163-214 : 166-167

1.1. Tulipa tubergeniana Hoog in Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 35: 358. (1904).

Type:— Illustration in Supplement Gard. Chron. , Ser. 3, 35, 4 April 1904 [lectotype designated by Christenhusz et al. 2013: 315] .

Description:—Bulb ovoid, 3–5 cm thick, tunic grayish brown or brownish, papery, on the inside thickly lined with very fine hairs and looks like a ball of cotton wool; stem (5) 15–30 cm long, the upper part of stem and peduncle pubescent; leaves (3)4, approximate, deflexed, undulate at margins, curled, glaucous, more or less pubescent, ciliate, exceeding the flower; basal leaf lanceolate, (l.5) 2–4 cm broad; flower solitary, red; perigone segments 2.5–10 cm long, gradually acuminate, with a white pubescent tip (longer on the outer tepals than on the inner ones), the basal blotch oblong, commonly acute, black with pale yellow margin; outer segments rhomboidal or deltoid, slightly broader than the obovate or oblong inner segments; stamens one-third the length of perigone; filaments glabrous, flattened and black; anthers blackish-purple, longer than the filaments; pollen yellow; ovary green, slightly shorter than stamens, commonly with a violet bloom, tapering towards the tip; stigma sessile, much broader than ovary, usually purple; capsule oblong with brownish stripes.

General distribution:—South-Western Pamir-Alay ( Tajikistan and Uzbekistan).

Distribution in Uzbekistan:—I-6 Western Hissar district (I-6-c Baysun region; I-6-d Kuhitang region; I-6- e Surkhan-Sherabad region), I-7 Hissar-Darvaz district (I-7-a Sangardak-Tupalang region), I-8 Panj district (I-8-a Babatag region).

Phenology:—Flowering: April; fruiting: May–June.

Ecology:—Clayey and variegated gypsy slopes in foothills and lower mountain zone, rarely in middle mountain zone, 400–1600(1800) m.

Etymology:—The species is named after famous Dutch gardener C. G. van Tubergen (1844–1919).

Note:—This is one of the highly ornamental species of Tulipa sent to Europe from southern Uzbekistan in the early 19th Century. The history of the journey of this tulip from Uzbekistan to Europe is associated with the name of Austrian (or German) entomologist J. Haberhauer (1828–1902). According to available data ( Wilford 2006), this tulip was among the species sent for van Tubergen from Bukhara by Haberhauer during his travels to Central Asia (1861–1862). The species has been described in Gardeners Chronicle ( Hoog 1904) by J. Hoog who noted that «… the species was recommended an Award of Merit at a meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society on May 17, when flowers were exhibited by C.G. van Tubergen, of Haarlem, Holland, to whom we are indebted for the species from which our illustration has been prepared». Wilford (2006) separated T. tubergeniana from T. ingens Hoog (1902: 14) as an accepted species. Zonneveld (2009) placed T. ingens as a synonym of T. tubergeniana . However, Christenhusz et al. (2013) treated T. tubergeniana as a synonym of T. ingens . These two species show significant differences in bulb morphology and ecological characteristics ( Tojibaev & Beshko 2014) and should be treated separate as accepted species ( Fig. 2A ).

Specimens examined:— UZBEKISTAN: Hissar Range : south-east of Baysun, near the village Sary-Kamish, 2 April 1913, Michelson 400 ( LE) ; outcrops of variegated slopes near the village Mirshade east of the town Baysun, 6 April 1928, Vvedensky s.n. ( LE, MW) ; west of town Baysun , 10 May 1930, Lepeshkin s.n. ( TASH!) ; Buryu-Taxt , gypsum slopes south of Pitau, 13 May 1930, Lepeshkin s.n. ( TASH!) ; Buryu-Taxt , 19April 1941, Popova 225 ( TASH!) ; near the village Darband , 24 April 2013, Turginov 965 ( TASH!) ; Kuhitang Range : (eastern spurs of Kuhitang, 1.5 km to south-east from Kuhitang Range, 1800 m, 1 June 1965, Kayumov s.n. ( TASH!) ; eastern spurs of Kuhitang , 5 km to north-east from village Pashkhurt, 900 m, 2 April 1965, Kayumov s.n. ( TASH!) ; Sherabad Valley , slopes to the station Lyaylyakan, 11 March 1913, Michelson 62 ( LE) ; Surkhan Nature Reserve , upper part of the valley Kuyukdara, southern stony slope of Boglidara, 20 April 2006, Ibragimov 0179 ( TASH!) ; Surkhan-Sherabad region , surroundings of Sherabad post station, 19 March 1906, Rozhevitz 65 ( LE) ; Hissar range (basin of the river Tupalang, slopes of foothills between Kufar and Sary-Dzhou, 905 m, 29 April 1948, Chevrenidi 297, 315 ( TASH!) ; basin of the river Tupalang, southern slopes near the village Gissarak, 28 April 1948, Bondarenko 227 ( TASH!) ; Babatag range: (Khodzha-Kulsin, rocky slopes, 27 April 1940, Bukasov 106 ( TASH!).

Figures

FIGURE 2. Species of Tulipa sect. Lanatae: A. T. tubergeniana, B. T. bactriana, C. T. lanata. Scale bars, 1 cm.