Camaena funingensis Zhou, Wang & Lin, 2020

Wang, Pei, Hu, Mei-Ling, Lin, Jun-Hong, Yang, Hai-Fang, Li, Xiao-Jing & Zhou, Wei-Chuan, 2020, Descriptions of four new dextral land snails of the genus Camaena (Gastropoda, Eupulmonata, Camaenidae) from south China, ZooKeys 996, pp. 37-58 : 37

Camaena funingensis Zhou, Wang & Lin sp. nov. Figures 3A , 4 , 5A , 6 , Tables 3, 4, 5

Type material.

Holotype. [FJIQBC 19340] Shell height 21.0 mm, shell width 41.0 mm, height of aperture 14.0 mm, width of aperture 18.7 mm, 22 October 2014, collected from the type locality.

Paratype. [FJIQBC 19341-19343] 3 live specimens: 2 adults, 1 juvenile.

Type locality.

Laolida, Funing, Wenshan, Yunnan, China (23°31'48.88"N, 105°32'59.70"E).

Etymology.

The name of the new species refers to the type locality.

Diagnosis.

Shell. Shell dextral, large, thin, fragile and lucent, low, and flat conical. 4.5 whorls, the front whorls increasing slowly. Spire relatively low. Body whorl rapidly expanded. Shell light yellowish brown with clear growth lines and spiral bands on the surface. Apex quite blunt. Suture shallow. The protoconch surface smooth, and some short clear growth lines near the inner side of suture under 32 × stereomicroscope. Body whorl with carinate periphery, and a thin reddish brown band on the carina and several sparse bands below the carina. Aperture lunate, slightly descending. Peristome reflected, white, thin, sharp. Columellar lip reflected. Umbilicus reddish brown, large, only 1/5 covered. Inner lip attached to the body whorl, forming translucent callus.

Soft body. Yellowish brown with irregular black lines and spots. Tentacles dark.

Reproductive system. Bursa copulatrix oval and large with long and tapering pedunculus, expanded at the base. Flagellum long, tapering distally. Vas deferens short and thin. Epiphallus long, slightly thick. Penis retractor muscle medium length and slender, becoming wider at the end. Penis swollen and long, with longitudinal, slightly corrugated, strong and widely spaced pilasters internally. Verge ovate, opened terminally, and one clear crack on the verge surface extending from the terminal to the base.

Habitat.

The species was found on limestone.

Distribution.

Only known from the type locality.

Remarks.

Camaena funingensis sp. nov. is characterized by a more oblate shape, lower spire, thin and fragile shell, and yellowish brown coloration, which are clearly different from the other dextral camaenids except C. longsonensis (Morlet, 1891), C jinpingensis Chen, Zhang & Li, 1990, and C. vorvonga (Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1900) ( Chen et al. 1990; Schileyko 2011). The shells of the above four species are distinct from C. funingensis in the following ways:

(1) The umbilicus of C. funingensis sp. nov. is only 1/5 covered, while that of C. longsonensis is almost covered by reflected columellar lip leaving only a narrow slit, and that of C. jinpingensis is fully covered.

(2) C. funingensis sp. nov. has several reddish brown bands at the bottom of the body whorl in addition to those on the carina, while only one thin reddish brown band is present on the carinate periphery of C. vorvonga .

(3) For C. funingensis sp. nov., the verge is ovate and has one clear crack on the surface extending to the base, which makes it stand out other dextral camaenids.

Camaena gaolongensis sp. nov. is distinguishable from C. funingensis sp. nov. in having no spiral band. For C. maguanensis sp. nov., there is no band on the carinate periphery of the body whorl except for several below the carina. Moreover, the verge of C. maguanensis sp. nov. is small and circular. Camaena yulinensis sp. nov. differs to C. funingensis sp. nov. in having a conical verge and flesh-colored peristome.

P -distances of the COI gene between C. funingensis sp. nov. and the other camaenids are 0.068-0.200 (Table 3 ), and those between C. funingensis sp. nov. and C. gaolongensis sp. nov., C. maguanensis sp. nov. and C. yulinensis sp. nov. are 0.075, 0.068 and 0.094 respectively. All of these P -distances exceed the maximum intra-specific value 0.059 in the family Camaenidae . On the phylogenetic tree, these four new species are adjacent, hence it is reasonable to designate this as a new species.

Figures

Figure 3. Photographs of the four new species A Camaena funingensis sp. nov. (holotype, FJIQBC 19340, Laolida, Funing, Yunnan, China) B Camaena gaolongensis sp. nov. (holotype, FJIQBC 19353, Dayao, Gaolong, Guangxi, China) C Camaena maguanensis sp. nov. (FJIQBC 19405, Huazhige, Maguan, Yunnan, China) D Camaena yulinensis sp. nov. (FJIQBC 19460, Longquan cave, Yulin, Guangxi, China). Scale bars: 10 mm.

Figure 4. Photographs of three camaenids A Camaena vorvonga (Pingxiang, Guangxi, China) B Camaena jinpingensis (Jinping, Yunnan, China) C Camaena longsonensis (Lang-Son, Vietnam). Scale bars: 10 mm.

Figure 5. Ecological photographs of snails A Camaena funingensis sp. nov. (Laolida, Funing, Yunnan, China) B Camaena gaolongensis sp. nov. (Dayao, Gaolong, Guangxi, China) C Camaena maguanensis sp. nov. (Huazhige, Maguan, Yunnan, China) D Camaena yulinensis sp. nov. (Longquan cave, Yulin, Guangxi, China).

Figure 6. Reproductive system of the snail Camaena funingensis sp. nov. (holotype, FJIQBC 19340, Laolida, Funing, Yunnan, China) A reproductive organ B penis C verge D inner penial wall. The arrow indicates opening position of the verge.