Garumbatitan, Mocho & Escaso & Gasulla & Galobart & Poza & Santos-Cubedo & Sanz & Ortega, 2024

Mocho, Pedro, Escaso, Fernando, Gasulla, José M., Galobart, Àngel, Poza, Begoña, Santos-Cubedo, Andrés, Sanz, José L. & Ortega, Francisco, 2024, New sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Morella (Spain) provides new insights on the evolutionary history of Iberian somphospondylan titanosauriforms, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 201 (201), pp. 214-268 : 220

Garumbatitan gen. nov.

( Figs 4–23 )

Zoobank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0E7654DD-1802-4D58-AF25-69E25446CBFA

Type and only included species: Garumbatitan morellensis sp. nov.

Etymology: The generic name is derived from Garumba, referring to the peak known as ‘Mola de la Garumba’ near the Sant Antoni de la Vespa fossil site, which is one of the highest points in the municipality of Morella; titan, giant in Greek mythology.

Type locality and horizon: As for type and only species.

Diagnosis: See diagnosis for type and only species below.

Figures

Figure 4. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., dorsal vertebra and dorsal ribs. Dorsal vertebra SAV05-40 (holotype) in posterior (A), dorsal (B), right lateral (C), left lateral (D), and ventral (E) views. Right middle dorsal rib SAV05-046 (paratype) in posteromedial (F), lateral (N), and medial (O) views; left anterior dorsal rib SAV08-101 (holotype) in lateral (H) and medial (I) views; left anterior dorsal rib SAV08- 102 (holotype) in lateral (J) and medial (K) views; left anterior dorsal rib SAV08-103 (holotype) in lateral (L) and medial (M) views; right anterior dorsal rib SAV05-047 (paratype) in medial (P) and lateral (Q) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines.Abbreviations: acr, anterior crest; cam, camella; cmr, camera; cr, crest; exp, expansion; gr, groove; mcr, medial crest; pcr, posterior crest; pf, pneumatic fossa; rdg, ridge. Scale bar equals 100 mm.

Figure 5. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., anterior caudal vertebrae from the holotype specimen.Anterior caudal vertebra SAV05-027 (A–F), SAV08-028 (G–L), SAV08-029 (M–R), SAV08-030 (S–X) in right lateral (A, G, M, S), anterior (B, H, N, T), left lateral (C, I, O, U), posterior (D, J, P, V), dorsal (E, K, Q, W; anterior towards right side), and ventral (F, L, R, X; anterior towards left side) views.Isolated anterior caudal neural spines SAV05-029 (Y–CC) and SAV05-030 (DD-HH) from the holotype specimen in dorsal (Y, DD), right lateral (Z, EE), anterior (AA, FF), left lateral (BB, GG), and posterior (CC, HH) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal laminae; acf, anterior chevron facet; cdr, caudal rib; f, fossa; fr, foramen; lr, lateral ridge; nc, neural canal; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal laminae; posl, postspinal lamina; prsl, prespinal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar equals 50 mm.

Figure 6. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., anterior and middle caudal vertebrae from the holotype specimen. Anterior caudal vertebra SAV05-060va in right lateral (A), anterior (B), left lateral (C), posterior (D), dorsal (E; anterior towards right side), and ventral (F; anterior towards left side) views.Middle caudal vertebra SAV05-061 in right lateral (G), anterior (H), left lateral (I), posterior (J), dorsal (K; anterior towards right side), and ventral (L; anterior towards left side) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acf, anterior chevron facet; cdr, caudal rib; f, fossa; fr, foramen; lr, lateral ridge; nc, neural canal; pcf, posterior chevron facet; posl, postspinal lamina; prsl, prespinal lamina; poz, postzygapophyseal process; prz, prezygapophyseal process; rdg, ridge; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tb, tuberosity; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina; vlr, ventrolateral ridge. Scale bar equals 50 mm.

Figure 7. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., middle-posterior caudal vertebrae from the holotype specimen. Middle-posterior caudal vertebrae SAV08-047, SAV08-048 and SAV08-049 in ventral (A; anterior towards right side), dorsal (B; anterior towards right side) and right lateral (C, D), anterior (I), and left lateral (J) views.Middle-posterior caudal vertebra SAV08-050 in dorsal (E; anterior towards left side), ventral (F; anterior towards right side), left lateral (G), and posterior (H) views.A, B, D, E, F, and J correspond to a 3D digital model. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acf, anterior chevron facet; dp, depression; lr, lateral ridge; pbu, posterior bulge; pcf, posterior chevron facet; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophyseal process; rdg, ridge; sprf, spinoprezygapophseal fossa; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina.Scale bar equals 50 mm.

Figure 8. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., anterior chevrons from the holotype specimen.Anterior chevron SAV05-060chb (A–E), SAV05-063 (F–J), SAV05-060cha (K–O), and SAV05-060chc (P–T) in dorsal (A, F, K, P; anterior towards bottom side), anterior (B, G, L, Q), left lateral (C, H, M, R), posterior (D, I, N, S), and right lateral (E, J, O, T) views.Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: acr, anterior crest; gr, groove; pcr, posterior crest; st, step. Scale bar equals 50 mm.

Figure 9. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen.et sp. nov., interclavicle SAV05-060chb from the holotype specimen in proximal (A), anterior (B), left (C), posterior (D), and right (E) views; and crosssection (F). Missing edges indicated by dashed lines.Abbreviations: fct, facet; gr, groove; rdg, ridge; str, striation. Scale bar equals 50 mm.

Figure 10. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., pubes from the paratype specimen. Left pubis SAV05-31b in posterior (A), lateral (B), anterior (C), and distal (E) views. Right pubis SAV05-31a in distal (D), posterior (F), and anterior (G) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Scale bar equals 50 mm.

Figure 11. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., right femur SAV05-024 from the holotype specimen in anterior (A, B*), medial (C*), posterior (D, F*) lateral (G*), and distal (E, I*) views; and cross-section of diaphysis at minimal diameter (E; anterior towards top side). *3D digital model. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: ep, epicondyle; fic, fibular condyle; lg, longitudinal groove; lic, linea intermuscularis cranialis; icg, intercondylar groove; icr, intercondylar ridge; plf, posterolateral fossa; tic, tibial condyle. Scale bar equals 100 mm.

Figure 12. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., femora from the paratype specimen. Left femur SAV05-031 in proximal (A), anterior (B), lateral (C), posterior (D), lateral (E), and distal (G) views. Right femur SAV05-013 in distal (F), anterior (H), lateral (I), posterior (J) and medial (K) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: ep, epicondyle; dp, depression; fh, femoral head; fic, fibular condyle; ft, fourth trochanter; lg, longitudinal groove; lic, linea intermuscularis cranialis; icg, intercondylar groove; mco, medial concavity to the fourth trochanter; plf, posterolateral fossa; st, step; tic, tibial condyle; ts, trochanteric shelf. Scale bar equals 100 mm.

Figure 13. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., right tibia (SAV05-065), fibula (SAV05-064) and astragalus (SAV05-066) from the holotype specimen in proximal (A*), anterior (B*), medial (C*), posterior (D*), lateral (E*), and distal (F*) views.*3D digital model. Abbreviations: acr, anterior crest; aspa, articular surface for the ascending process; cc, cnemial crest; lt, lateral trochanter; pvp, posteroventral process; tb, tuberosity; tia, tibial articular surface.Scale bar equals 100 mm.

Figure 14. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., tibiae from the paratype specimen.Right tibia (SAV05-032) in proximal (A), anterior (B), medial (C), posterior (D), lateral (E), and distal (F) views. Left tibia (SAV05-036) in proximal (I), anterior (G), medial (H), posterior (J), lateral (K), and distal (L) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines. Abbreviations: 2cc, second cnemial crest; aspa, articular surface for the ascending process; cc, cnemial crest; cr, crest; fia, fibular articular surface; pvp, posteroventral process.Scale bar equals 100 mm.

Figure 15. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen.et sp. nov., fibulae from the paratype specimen. Right fibula (SAV05-033) in proximal (A), lateral (B), anterior (C), medial (D), posterior (E), and distal (F) views. Left fibula (SAV05-037) in proximal (I), lateral (G), anterior (H), medial (J), posterior (K), and distal (L) views. Abbreviations: acr, anterior crest; cr, crest; lt, lateral trochanter; mli, medial lip; tia, tibial articular surface. Scale bar equals 100 mm.

Figure 16. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen.et sp. nov., right astragalus SAV05-034 from the paratype specimen in distal (A), proximal (B), lateral (C), posterior (D), anterior (E), and medial (F) views. Abbreviations: asp, ascending process; fia, fibular articular surface; fr, foramen; tia, tibial articular surface. Scale bar equals 50 mm.

Figure 17. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., right pes of the holotype (A, B) and paratype (C, D) specimens in proximal (A, C) and dorsal (B, D) views. Missing edges indicated by dashed lines.Scale bar equals 50 mm.

Figure 18. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp.nov., metatarsals from the holotype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-068.a), II (SAV05- 068.b, second row), III (SAV05-068.c, third row), IV (SAV05-068.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-068.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AC; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dlcr, dorsolateral crest; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 50 mm.

Figure 19. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., metatarsals from the paratype specimen.Right metatarsals I (SAV05-35.a, first row), II (SAV05-035.b, second row), III (SAV05-035.c, third row), IV (SAV05-035.d, fourth row), V (SAV05-035.e, fifth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y), medial (B, H, N, T, Z), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: amt, articulation for metatarsal; dmcr, dorsomedial crest; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle; mt, metatarsal; prj, proximal projection of the ventrolateral crest in the metatarsal II; vlcr, ventrolateral crest; vmcr, ventromedial crest. Scale bar equals 30 mm.

Figure 20. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., pedal phalanges from the holotype specimen. Right phalanx I.1 (SAV05-068.f, first row), II.1 (SAV05-068.g, second row), III.1 and III.2 (SAV05-068.h, third row), IV.1 (SAV05-068.i, fourth row), IV.2 (SAV05-068.j fifth row) and IV.3 (SAV05-068.m, sixth row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y, AE), medial (B, H, N, T, Z, AF), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA, AG), lateral (D, J, P, V, AB, AH), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC, AI; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD, AJ; dorsal towards top side) views.Abbreviations:dp, depression; fr, foramen; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle. Scale bar equals 30 mm.

Figure 21. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., pedal phalanges from the paratype specimen. Right phalanx I.1 (SAV05-035.f, first row), II.1 (SAV05-035.g, second row), II.2 (SAV05-035.j, third row), III.2 (SAV05-038.b, fourth row), IV.1 (SAV05-035.h, fifth row), IV.2 (SAV05- 035.i, sixth row) and IV.3 (SAV05-035.m, seventh row) in dorsal (A, G, M, S, Y, AE, AK), medial (B, H, N, T, Z, AF, AL), ventral (C, I, O, U, AA, AG, AM), lateral (D, J, P, V,AB, AH, AN), proximal (E, K, Q, W, AC, AI, AO; dorsal towards top side), and distal (F, L, R, X, AD, AJ, AP; dorsal towards top side) views. Abbreviations: dp, depression; icg, intercondylar groove; lc, lateral condyle; mc, medial condyle.Scale bar equals 30 mm.

Figure 22. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen. et sp. nov., right pedal unguals I.2 (SAV05-035.k, A–E) and II.3 (SAV05-35.l, F–J) from the holotype specimen in dorsal (A, F), lateral (B, G), medial (C, H), proximal (D, I), and ventral (E, J) views.Abbreviations: dcr, dorsal crest; fr, foramen; gr, groove; pf, posterior face; tb, tuberosity. Scale bar equals 30 mm.

Figure 23. Garumbatitan morellensis, gen.et sp. nov., right pedal unguals I.2 (SAV05-068.k, A–E) and III.3 (SAV05-068.l, F–J) from the paratype specimen in dorsal (A, F), lateral (B, G), medial (C, H), proximal (D, I), and ventral (E, J) views. Abbreviations: dcr, dorsal crest; gr, groove; pf, posterior face; tb, tuberosity. Scale bar equals 50 mm.