Dryopteris Adans.

Roux, Jacobus P., 2011, The fern genera Dryopteris and Nothoperanema (Dryopteridaceae) in Madagascar and neighbouring Indian Ocean islands, including Saint Paul, Adansonia (3) 33 (1), pp. 7-67 : 15-16

Genus Dryopteris Adans.

Familles des plantes 2: 20, 551 (Jul.-Aug. 1763),

nom. cons. — Type: Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott;

Polypodium filix-mas L.

Nephrodium Michx. , Flora boreali-americana 2: 266 (19 Mar. 1803). — Lectotype: Nephrodium marginale (L.) Michx.; Polypodium marginale L. (now Dryopteris marginalis (L.) A.Gray), designated by Pichi Sermolli (1977: 87-90).

Lophodium Newman, The Phytologist 4: 371, app. xvi (1851). — Lectotype: Lophodium spinulosum (O.F.Muell.) Newman ( Polypodium spinulosum O.F.Muell. ), designated by Christensen (1905: XXI), now Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H.P.Fuchs.

Dichasium Fée, Mémoires sur la famille des fougères 5: 302, pl. 23B, fig. 1 (1852). — Type: Aspidium parallelogramma Kunze , Linnaea 13: 146 (1839); Dichasium paralellogrammum (Kunze) Fée (now Dryopteris wallichiana (Spreng.) Hyl. ).

DESCRIPTION

Plants terrestrial or epilithic. Rhizome dictyostelic, short-decumbent and branched, or suberect to erect, then mostly unbranched. Fronds monomorphic or dimorphic, approximate or caespitose; stipe and rachis adaxially sulcate, rachis sulcus not open to the sulci of the lower order axes; lamina variously pinnately compound, mostly anadromous, be- coming catadromous, the basal pinna pair often basiscopically developed; hypostomatic, stomata of the anomo-, polo-, and copolocytic types; venation of the pecopteridis-type, anadromous and/or catadromous, forked or pinnately branched, free vein branches ending in the teeth near the margin, not or rarely slightly abbreviated in fertile fronds. Indumentum composed of narrow and/or broad, sessile or short-stalked scales often bearing capitate, clavate, or oblong thin-walled glands along the scale margins and/or laminae, and clavate, oblong, or capitate glands, and short or long, simple or glandular, uniseriate hairs mostly abaxially along the lamina veins. Sori circular, medial, at or near the apex of abbreviated vein branches; receptacle nude; sporangium long-stalked, 3-seriate below the capsule, simple, glandular, or with an isocytic hair, capsule globose to obovoid in lateral view, with (11-)14(-21) indurated annulus cells and a well-defined stomium, epistomium (3-)4(-7)-celled, hypostomium (3-)4(-8)-celled; indusium reniform, entire or with clavate or capitate glands along the margin and/or indusium lamina rarely with hairs on lamina, or exindusiate. Spores 32 (apomicts) or 64 (sexual) per sporangium, ellipsoidal, monolete, with prominent narrow or broad folds and inflated tubercules, 20-70 µm long. Chromosome number based on 2n = 82.

KEY TO THE DRYOPTERIS SUBGENERA IN MADAGASCAR AND NEIGHBOURING INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS, INCLUDING SAINT PAUL

— Pinna-rachis with small ovate to broadly ovate scales ..................... subgen. Nephrocystis — Pinna-rachis scales various, but never small and ovate to broadly ovate .......................... ......................................................................................................... subgen. Dryopteris

Subgenus Dryopteris Adans.

Dryopteris Adans., Familles des Plantes 2: 20, 551 (Jul.- Aug. 1763), subgen. Dryopteris .

Lastrea Bory subgen. Arthrobotrys C.Presl , Tentamen pteridographiae : 77 (1836). — Type: Lastrea macrocarpa (Wall.) C.Presl ; Arthrobotrys macrocarpa Wall.

Dryopteris Adans. subgen. Eudryopteris C.Chr. , Index filicum : 250 (2 Oct. 1905), XXI (10 Oct. 1906), pro parte, nom. inval. (McNeill et al. 2006: Art. 21.3). — Type: Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott; Polypodium filix-mas L.

Dryopteris Adans. subgen. Eudryopteris C.Chr. in Biologiske Arbejder tilegnede Eug. Warming: 76 (3 Nov. 1911), nom inval. (McNeill et al. 2006: Art. 21.3). — Type: Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott; Polypodium filix-mas L.

KEY TO THE SECTIONS IN SUBGENUS DRYOPTERIS

1. Lamina 1-pinnate-pinnatisect, lobes with fibrils along the margin; axes scales subulate to filiform .................................................................................................. sect. Fibrillosae

— Lamina 2- to 4-pinnate, never with hairs or scales along the lobe margins; axes scales not subulate ...................................................................................................................... 2

2. Stipe scales more or less entire, apex and marginal outgrowths terminate in a uniseriate series of moniliform cells; fertile vein branches often somewhat abbreviated .................. ............................................................................................................ sect. Lophodium

— Stipe scales mostly with flagelliform marginal outgrowths, apex and marginal outgrowths terminate in a uniseriate series of oblong cells; fertile veins not abbreviated ................... ............................................................................................................ sect. Marginatae