Dryinus indicus ( Kieffer, 1914 )

Xu, Zaifu, Olmi, Massimo & He, Junhua, 2013, Dryinidae of the Oriental region (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea), Zootaxa 3614 (1), pp. 1-460 : 273-275

15. Dryinus indicus ( Kieffer, 1914)

(Plate 78C – F)

Mesodryinus indicus Kieffer 1914c: 311; Pruthi & Mani 1942: 425; Kurian 1954a: 256; Kelner-Pillault 1958: 146.

Chlorodryinus pallidus R. Perkins: Pruthi & Mani 1942: 425; Kurian 1954a: 257; Subba Rao 1957: 747.

Chlorodryinus koreanus Móczár 1983a: 192; type locality: Pyongyan ( North Korea); syn. nov.

Dryinus indicus (Kieffer): Olmi 1984: 810; Fiori 1984: 3; Guglielmino & Olmi 1997: 227, 228; Olmi 1998f: 161; He & Xu 2002: 256; Mita 2009b: 50.

Dryinus flavus Xu & He 1994c: 256 (synonymized by Olmi 1998f); type locality: Mt. Tianmushan (Zhejiang, China); Olmi 1998f: 161.

Dryinus masneri Olmi 2009a: 128; type locality: Kuta (Kyoto, Japan); syn. nov.

Description of Female. Fully winged; length 3.6–5.8 mm. Testaceous, except petiole black. In some specimens from Taiwan vertex of head darkened; prothorax and scutum partly brown; metanotum, propodeum, mesopleuron and metapleuron black, except some testaceous areas. In some specimens from Japan mesosoma testaceous with some areas or spots more or less darkened or brown. In holotype of D. masneri head brown light, prothorax brown and rest of mesosoma black. Antenna clavate, shorter than body; antennal segments of holotype of M. indicus in following proportions: 11:5:41:25:21:13:10:10:8:11; antennal segments of holotype of Ch. koreanus in following proportions: 10:6:33:18:15:11:9:7:7:10; antennal segments of holotype of D. masneri in following proportions: 9:4.5:31:18:16:10:8:7:5.5:8. Proportions of antennal segments 2–3 variable according to the body size (in small specimens about 5:22; in large specimens about 5:41). Head dull, strongly or slightly granulated; frontal line complete, or shortly absent near clypeus (as in specimen from China, Mt. Qingliangfeng); occipital carina incomplete, only present behind and on sides of ocelli; temple prominent; holotype of M. indicus with POL = 3; OL = 3; OOL = 7; OPL = 1.5; holotype of Ch. koreanus with POL = 3; OL = 4; OOL = 8; OPL = 3; holotype of D. masneri with POL = 3; OL = 3; OOL = 6; OPL = 3; greatest breadth of posterior ocelli as long as POL; in specimens from Taiwan POL = 2.5; OL = 3; OOL = 6.5; OPL = 3. Pronotum shiny, smooth, unsculptured, crossed by posterior strong transverse impression and slight anterior transverse impression; anterior and posterior collar short; disc long; pronotal tubercle not reaching tegula. Occasionally lateral regions of pronotum sculptured by some longitudinal striae. Scutum shiny, strongly punctate in holotype of M. indicus; in some specimens from Taiwan scutum medially granulated or unsculptured, laterally strongly areolate; in specimen from China, Mt. Lingshan, posterior third of scutum areolate; in two specimens from China, Mt. Longwangshan, posterior half of lateral regions of scutum sculptured by many longitudinal furrows; scutum of holotype of Ch. koreanus granulated, except anterior surface of median area smooth and unsculptured; scutum of holotype of D. masneri granulated, with numerous large punctures and irregular keels on lateral regions and on median region near posterior margin. Notauli incomplete, reaching about 0.5–0.7 length of scutum. Scutellum of holotype of M. indicus shiny, punctate, unsculptured among punctures; scutellum of holotypes of Ch. koreanus and D. masneri dull, granulated. Metanotum of holotype of M. indicus dull, rugose; metanotum of holotypes of Ch. koreanus and D. masneri dull, granulated. Propodeum (Plate 78C) reticulate rugose, without transverse or longitudinal keels, with dorsal surface less than twice as long as posterior surface (27: 20 in holotype of Ch. koreanus; 20: 17 in holotype of D. masneri); in holotype of D. masneri posterior surface of propodeum with two longitudinal keels. Fore wing hyaline, without dark transverse bands; distal part of stigmal vein longer than proximal part (23: 7 in the holotype of D. masneri; 20: 8 in the holotype of Ch. koreanus). Profemur with stalk much shorter than club (Plate 78D); protibia slender and curved (Plate 78D). Protarsal segments of holotype of Ch. koreanus in following proportions: 24:3:6:20:29; Protarsal segments of holotype of D. masneri in following proportions: 20:3:6:16:24. In holotype of M. indicus protarsal segment 1 longer than segment 4 (15:12). Segment 3 of protarsus produced into hook. Enlarged claw (Plate 78F) with one large subapical tooth and one row of 8–11 lamellae. Segment 5 of protarsus (Plate 78F) with two rows of 16–20 lamellae; distal apex with about 7–14 lamellae. Tibial spurs 1, 1, 2.

Description of Male. Fully winged; length 2.2–3.6 mm. Head black, except mandible, clypeus and anterior region of face testaceous; occasionally also malar space testaceous (in allotype of Ch. koreanus); antenna testaceous; mesosoma black; metasoma brown or black; legs testaceous. Antenna filiform; antennal segments in following proportions: 7:7:19:14:14:14:14:12:10:11. Head dull, granulated; frontal line complete; occipital carina incomplete, only present behind and on sides of ocelli, laterally reaching eyes; temple absent; in allotype of Ch. koreanus POL = 5; OL = 2; OOL = 3; OPL = 1; in other specimens from India, Pusa, POL = 7; OL = 4; OOL = 4; OPL = 1.5. Scutum of allotype of Ch. koreanus dull, granulated; scutum of males from India, Pusa, dull, granulated, with posterior third rugose. Notauli incomplete, reaching about 0.50 – 0.65 length of scutum (0.65 in allotype of Ch. koreanus). Scutellum dull, granulated. Metanotum of allotype of Ch. koreanus shiny, smooth, unsculptured; metanotum of males from India, Pusa, dull, granulated. Propodeum reticulate rugose, without transverse or longitudinal keels. Fore wing hyaline, without dark transverse bands; distal part of stigmal vein longer than proximal part (16: 7 in allotype of Ch. koreanus; 17: 10 in some males from India, Pusa). Genitalia in plate 78E. Tibial spurs 1/1/2.

Material examined. Types: ♀ holotype of M. indicus : INDIA: Bihar, Pusa ( MNHN) ; ♀ holotype of D. flavus : CHINA: Zhejiang, Mt. Tianmushan , 21.VIII.1987, Xuexin Chen leg. ( ZJUC) ; female paratype of D. flavus : CHINA: Zhejiang, Kaihua, Mt. Gutianshan , 22.VII.1986, Xiaoming Lou leg. ( ZJUC) ; ♀ holotype of D. masneri : JAPAN: Kyoto Pref., Kuta, 500 m, 11–13.IX.1996, forest, YPT, L. Masner leg. ( CNC) ; holotype of Ch. koreanus : NORTH KOREA: South Pyongan Prov., Pyongyan, Hotel garden, 5–6.VIII.1971, S. Horvatovich and J. Papp leg. ( NMNH) . Paratypes of M. indicus : INDIA: same locality labe las holotype, 4♀♀ ( MNHN). Paratypes of Ch. koreanus : NORTH KOREA: South Pyongan Prov., 14 Km W Pyongyan, Lyong –ak san, 30.VII.1975, J. Papp and A. Vojnits coll, 1♂ ( NMNH); South Pyongan Prov., 12 Km NE Pyongyan, De-sang san, 7.VIII.1971, S. Horvatovich and J. Papp leg., ♂ allotype ( NMNH). Other material. BANGLADESH: Ishurdi, Pabna , 1981, C.I.E., 3♀♀ and 1♂, reared from Pyrilla perpusilla (Walker) ( BMNH) . CHINA: Guangdong, Nanling National Nature Reserve , 8–17.VIII.2010, Huayan Chen leg., 8♀♀ ( SCAU); Guangdong, Nanling National Nature Reserve, Arboretum , 10–12.IX.2011, YPT, Zaifu Xu leg., 4♀♀ ( SCAU); Guangxi, Guilin City, Maoershan National Nature Reserve , 2–10.VIII.2005, Zaifu Xu leg., 1♀ ( ZJUC); Guizhou, Mt. Leigongshan , 2.VI.2005, Hongying Zhang leg., 1♀ ( SCAU); Henan, Mt. Lingshan , 22.V.2000, Ping Cai leg., 1♀ ( ZJUC); Taiwan, Nantou, Meifeng , 2150 m, 22–26.VI.1983, K.S. Lin & S.C. Lin leg., 1♀ ( TARI); same locality label, 24–26.VI.1981, K.S. Lin & W.S. Tang leg., 2♀♀ ( TARI); Taiwan, Nantou, Tungpu , 1200 m, 25–29.IX.1980, L.Y.Chou & T. Lin leg., 1♀ ( TARI); same locality label, 5–8.X.1981, T. Lin & W.S. Tang leg., 1♀ ( TARI); same locality label, 22–25.XI.1982, K.C. Chou & S.P. Huang leg., 1♀ ( TARI); Taiwan, Nantou, Wushe , 1150 m, 7–8.X.1982, 19–22.IV.1983, K.C. Chou leg., 2♀♀ ( TARI); Taiwan, Nantou, Tsuifeng , 2300 m ( TARI); Taiwan , Pingtung , Kenting Park , 22.III.1980, K.S. Lin leg., 1♀ ( TARI); Taiwan, Pingtung, Mt. Dahanshan , 1300–1600 m, 9.VI.2010, Xuexin Chen leg., 1♀ ( SCAU); Yunnan, Jinghong, Naban River National Nature Reserve , 19–23.VII.2011, YPT, Nasen Wei et al. leg., 1♀ ( SCAU); Zhejiang, Mt. Tianmushan , 30.III.2003, Xiaoxia Yu leg., 1♀ ( ZJUC); same locality label, 21–25.VII.2011, Huayan Chen & Chengyuan Jin leg., 7♀♀ ( SCAU); Zhejiang, Mt. West Tianmushan , 2–4.VI.1990, Junhua He leg., 1♂ ( ZJUC); Zhejiang, Ji'an, Mt. Longwangshan , 22.IX.2004, Yun Ma leg., 2♀♀ ( ZJUC); Zhejiang, Lin'an, Mt. Qingliangfeng , 11.VIII.2005, Hongying Zhang leg., 1♀ ( SCAU). INDIA: Bihar, Pusa , ♀♀ ( IARI); same locality label, 28.IX.1928, 5.X.1929, on sugarcane, E. Hassan leg., two female and 1♂ ( BMNH); same locality label, 1956, on sugarcane, ex Pyrilla , 1♀ ( BMNH); Haryana, Karnal ( Subba Rao 1957); West Bengal, Nadia District, Plassey , 10.XI.1986, on leaves of sugarcane, 1♀ ( BMNH). INDONESIA: Sulawesi, Karaenta , 05°01.890'S 119°44.266'E, primary seasonal forest, 250 m, 30.VII–11.VIII.2005, Malaise trap, 1♀ ( MNHN); Sumbawa Island, near Pancasila, Gunung Tambora , 1025 m ( RNHL). JAPAN: Ryukyu Islands , Okinawa-jima , Yona , 25–27.V.1974, M. Sato leg., 1♀ and 1♂ collected when they were mating ( ELKU) ( Mita, 2009); Ryukyu Islands, Tokara Islands , Nakanoshima , Mt. Nanatsu-yama , 5.VI.2004, T. Mita leg., 1♀ ( ELKU) ( Mita, 2009b); Ryukyu Islands, Ishigaki-jima, Oosato , 24°40'N 124°24'E, reared from Geisha distinctissima (Walker) , parasitized host collected 9.V.2008, dryinid cocooning 12.V.2008, dryinid adult emergence 2.VI.2008, T. Mita leg. and reared, 1♀ ( ELKU). MALAYSIA: Malaya, Negeri Sembilan, Pasoh Forest Reserve ( AEIC). THAILAND: Mae Hong Son Prov., Soppong , 19°27'N 98°20'E, 1500 m, 7–12.V.1996 ( OLL); Nakhon Ratchasima Prov., Pak Chong ( PMA). Palaearctic: JAPAN: Fukuoka Pref., Mt. Hiko , 25–26.VII.1979, K. Maeto leg., 1♀ ( NIAES) ( Mita, 2009b); same locality label, 2–3.V.1983, K. Konishi leg., 1♀ ( NIAES) ( Mita, 2009b); Kagoshima Pref., Yaku-shima, Mt. Tachiudake , 1000 m, 17.VII.1970, K. Yamagishi leg., 2♀♀ ( ELMU) ( Mita, 2009b); Yaku-shima, Mt. Miyanoura , 18.X–30.XI.1999, T. Murata leg., 1♀ ( ELMU) ( Mita, 2009b); same locality label, 10.VII–8.VIII.2000, K. Nojima leg., 1♀ ( ELMU) ( Mita, 2009b); same locality label, 3.IX–10.X.2000, 2♀♀ ( ELMU) ( Mita, 2009b); Yaku-shima, Shiratani , 600 m, 3.IX–10.X.2000, T. Murata leg., 2♀♀ ( ELMU) ( Mita, 2009b); same locality label, 10.VII–8.VIII.2000, 1♀ ( ELMU) ( Mita, 2009b); Miyazaki Pref., Mt. Takachiho, Kirishima , 13–16.VII.1962, S. Die leg., 1♀ ( ELKU) ( Mita, 2009b) .

Hosts. Lophopidae and Flatidae ( Guglielmino & Olmi, 1997) : in Bangladesh: Pyrilla perpusilla (Walker) (Lophopidae) ( Fiori, 1984); in India: Pyrilla sp. (Lophopidae) ( Pruthi & Mani, 1942); Flatida marginella (Olivier) (= Phromnia marginella ) ( Flatidae ) ( Kieffer, 1914a); in Japan (Ryukyu Islands): Geisha distinctissima (Walker) (Flatidae) ( Mita, 2009b).

Distribution. China (Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guangxi, Henan, Guizhou, Taiwan, Yunnan), India (Bihar, Haryana), Japan (Kyoto, Ryukyus, Fukuoka, Kagoshima, Yaku-shima, Miyazaki), North Korea (South Pyongan), Bangladesh (Ishurdi), Indonesia (Sulawesi, Sumbawa), Malaysia (Malaya), Thailand (Mae Hong Son, Nakhon Ratchasima).

Remarks. Chlorodryinus koreanus Móczár and Dryinus masneri Olmi are here synonymized with Dryinus indicus (Kieffer) following the comparison of the respective types. The comparison showed that the main morpohological character are like in all three species.