Gonatopus Ljungh, 1810

Xu, Zaifu, Olmi, Massimo & He, Junhua, 2013, Dryinidae of the Oriental region (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea), Zootaxa 3614 (1), pp. 1-460 : 354-360

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.3614.1.1

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E75E5224-20F1-431C-A7CB-9EE0D3F25118

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8860B757-8F2F-FEA7-48A7-550FFD2CFB94

treatment provided by

Felipe

scientific name

Gonatopus Ljungh, 1810
status

 

18. Genus Gonatopus Ljungh, 1810

Gonatopus Ljungh 1810: 161 View in CoL ; Richards 1937: 118; Olmi 1993b: 77; Olmi 1994: 66; Olmi 1995c: 787; Olmi 1995g: 5; Olmi 1996b: 182; Olmi 1998c: 72; Olmi 1998d: 177.; Olmi 1999a: 231; He & Xu 2002: 318.; Virla & Olmi 2008: 371.; MoyaRaygoza & Olmi 2010: 100.

Dicondylus Haliday View in CoL in Curtis 1829 –1930: 110 (synonymized by Olmi, 1993b); type species: Dicondylus bicolor (Haliday in Curtis 1828), designated by Kieffer (1914b); Haliday 1833: 273; Walker 1837: 411; Kieffer 1914b: 72; Richards 1935: 147; Richards 1937: 118; Olmi 1984: 1374; Olmi 1993b: 78.

Labeo Haliday 1833: 273 View in CoL (nom. praeocc., nec Cuvier 1817) (synonymized by Richards 1937); type species: Labeo vitripennis Haliday 1833 , by monotypy; Kieffer in Kieffer & Marshall 1905: 220; Walker 1837: 429; Dalla Torre 1898: 542.

nec Labea Blanchard 1840: 430 .

Labeola Haldeman 1842: 191 , new name for Labeo Haliday, 1833 View in CoL (synonymized by Krombein 1979 with Dicondylus Haliday, 1829 View in CoL –1930).

Pseudogonatopus R. Perkins 1905: 34 View in CoL (synonymized by Olmi 1993b); type species: Pseudogonatopus kurandae R. Perkins, 1905 , by original designation; Kieffer in Kieffer & Marshall 1906: 488; Kieffer 1914b: 79; Richards 1939: 195; J. Perkins 1976: 32; Chandra 1980c: 192; Olmi 1984: 1191; Olmi 1993b: 78.

Paragonatopus R. Perkins 1905: 40 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Paragonatopus nigricans R. Perkins 1905 , by monotypy; Kieffer in Kieffer & Marshall 1906: 488; Kieffer 1914b: 87; Richards 1939: 195; Olmi 1979: 218.

Neogonatopus R. Perkins 1905: 42 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Neogonatopus ombrodes R. Perkins 1905 , by original designation.

Pachygonatopus R. Perkins 1905: 45 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Pachygonatopus melanias R. Perkins 1905 , by original designation.

Chalcogonatopus R. Perkins 1905: 46 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Chalcogonatopus gigas R. Perkins 1905 , by original designation.

Eugonatopus R. Perkins 1905: 46 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Chalcogonatopus (Eugonatopus) pseudochromus R. Perkins 1905 , by original designation.

Mercetia Kieffer in Kieffer & Marshall 1906: 495 (synonymized by Olmi 1996b); type species: Mercetia longicollis ( Kieffer 1905) , by original designation; Olmi 1996b: 182; Kieffer 1914b: 19.

Platygonatopus Kieffer in Kieffer & Marshall 1906: 500 (synonymized by Olmi, 1984); type species: Platygonatopus planiceps ( Kieffer 1904) , designated by Richards (1939).

Apterodryinus R. Perkins 1907: 14 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b); type species: Apterodryinus torvus R. Perkins 1907 , by monotypy; Olmi 1984: 1342; Olmi 1993b: 78.

Agonatopus R. Perkins 1907: 29 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Agonatopus pallidicornis R. Perkins 1907 , designated by Richards (1939).

Agonatopoides R. Perkins 1907: 33 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b); type species: Agonatopoides synchromus R. Perkins 1907 , by monotypy; Olmi 1984: 1310; Olmi 1993b: 78.

Cyrtogonatopus Kieffer 1907: 19 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Cyrtogonatopus breviforceps ( Kieffer 1904) , monotypic.

nec Trichogonatopus Kieffer 1909: 336 .

Pristogonatopus Kieffer 1913c: 325 (synonymized by Olmi & Currado 1974); type species: Pristogonatopus dentatiforceps ( Kieffer 1904) , by original designation; Kieffer 1914b: 71; Richards 1939: 195.

Digonatopus Kieffer 1913c: 325 (synonymized by Richards 1939); type species: Digonatopus javanus (R. Perkins 1912) , by monotypy.

Trigonatopus Kieffer 1913c: 325 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Trigonatopus bifarius (Kieffer in Kieffer & Marshall 1906), by original designation; Kieffer 1914b: 72.

Laberius Kieffer 1914b: 59 , new name for Labeo Haliday 1833 View in CoL (synonymized by Richards 1937); Richards 1936: 169.

Trichogonatopus Hellén 1930: 2 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Trichogonatopus lindbergi Hellén 1930 , original designation.

Laberinus Ogloblin 1932: 266 (mispelling).

Metagonatopus Ogloblin 1932: 264 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Metagonatopus brasiliensis Ogloblin 1932 , by original designation.

Allogonatopus Haupt 1938: 27 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Allogonatopus procerus Haupt 1938 , by original designation.

Donisthorpina Richards 1939: 201 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b); type species: Donisthorpina formicicola Richards 1939 , by original designation; Olmi 1984: 1304; Olmi 1993b: 78.

Plectrogonatopus Richards 1939: 207 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Plectrogonatopus striatus ( Kieffer 1905) , by original designation.

Tetrodontochelys Richards 1939: 217 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b); type species: Tetrodontochelys ljunghii ( Westwood 1833) , by original designation; Olmi 1984: 1434; Olmi 1993b: 78.

Epigonatopoides Richards 1939: 221 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Epigonatopoides pulicarius ( Klug 1810) , by original designation.

Idologonatopus Ogloblin 1953: 111 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Idologonatopus nigrithorax Ogloblin 1953 , by original designation.

Rhynchogonatopus Benoit 1954: 390 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Rhynchogonatopus meridionalis Benoit 1954 , by original designation.

Madecagonatopus Benoit 1954: 392 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Madecagonatopus ankaratrus ( Ceballos 1936) , by original designation.

Pseudogonatopoides J. Williams 1956: 90 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Pseudogonatopoides mauritianus J. Williams 1956 , by original designation.

Cyrtogonatopoides Ponomarenko 1966: 1579 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Cyrtogonatopoides borealis Ponomarenko 1966 , by original designation.

Plectrogonatopoides Ponomarenko 1975a: 318 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b); type species: Plectrogonatopoides chortinis Ponomarenko 1975 , by original designation; Olmi 1984: 1431; Olmi 1993b: 78.

Tetradontochelys J. Perkins 1976: 35 (injustified emendation).

Neogonatopoides Abdul-Nour 1976: 274 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Neogonatopoides claudiae Abdul-Nour 1976 , by monotypy.

Dolichochelys Olmi & Currado 1976: 177 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Dolichochelys longicornis ( Kieffer 1904) , by original designation.

Megagonatopus Olmi & Currado 1976: 178 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Megagonatopus birmanus Olmi & Currado 1976 , by original designation.

Acrodontochelys Currado 1976: 13 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b); type species: Acrodontochelys bouceki Currado 1976 , by original designation; Olmi 1984: 1172; Olmi 1993b: 78.

Nogatopus Ponomarenko 1979: 357 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Nogatopus gobiensis Ponomarenko 1979 , by original designation.

Paradicondylus Olmi 1986: 102 (synonymized by Olmi 1998c); type species: Paradicondylus paulyi Olmi 1986 , by monotypy and original designation; Olmi 1993b: 78; Olmi 1998c: 72.

Type species. Gonatopus formicarius Ljungh, 1810 , by monotypy.

Diagnosis. Female: apterous ( Plates 106B View PLATE 106 , 126A View PLATE 126 ) or fully winged ( Plate 106A View PLATE 106 ); palpal formula 3/2, 4/2, 4/3, 5/ 2, 5/3, or 6/3; antenna with or without rhinaria; pronotum crossed or not by transverse furrow ( Plate 108C, D View PLATE 108 ); enlarged claw with distal apex pointed and with one large or small subapical tooth ( Plate 107B, C View PLATE 107 ) (occasionally subapical tooth absent, then enlarged claw with distal group of lamellae ( Plate 107A View PLATE 107 )); in fully winged forms, segment 5 of protarsus with more than 20 lamellae; tibial spurs 1/0/1. Male: fully winged ( Plate 110A, B View PLATE 110 ); occipital carina absent or incomplete (in this last case, only present behind and shortly on sides of posterior ocelli); occiput concave; temple present; palpal formula 3/2, 4/2, 4/3, 5/2, 5/3, or 6/3; tibial spurs 1/1/2.

Distribution. Worldwide.

Hosts. Acanaloniidae , Cicadellidae (except Typhlocybinae , Idiocerinae , Macropsinae ), Delphacidae , Flatidae , Issidae , Lophopidae , Tropiduchidae ( Guglielmino & Olmi, 1997, 2006, 2007).

World species. Four hundred and thirty nine species are known, fifty eight species in the Oriental region and one species incertae sedis.

Remarks. Larvae of Gonatopus were described by Ponomarenko (1975b) , Carcupino et al. (1996, 1998), Guglielmino & Virla (1998), Virla & Mangione (2000), Guglielmino (2002), Mangione & Virla (2004) and Guglielmino et al. (2006, 2007, 2008). Gonatopus females were divided for convenience by Olmi (1993b) into eleven groups on the basis of the following characters:

Key to the groups of Gonatopus

1. Fully winged ( Plate 106A View PLATE 106 )....................................................................... Group 11

- Apterous ( Plate 106B View PLATE 106 )................................................................................. 2

2. Enlarged claw without subapical tooth ( Plate 107A View PLATE 107 ), or with one very small subapical tooth ( Plate 107B View PLATE 107 )............... 3

- Enlarged claw with one large subapical tooth ( Plate 107C View PLATE 107 )..................................................... 5

3. Distal apex of enlarged claw with group of lamellae ( Plate 107A View PLATE 107 )......................................... Group 8

- Distal apex of enlarged claw without lamellae ( Plate 107C, D View PLATE 107 )................................................. 4

4. Pronotum not crossed by transverse impression or slightly impressed ( Plate 108A View PLATE 108 )........................... Group 6

- Pronotum crossed by strong transverse impression ( Plate 108B View PLATE 108 ).......................................... Group 7

5. Pronotum not crossed by transverse impression or slightly impressed ( Plate 108C View PLATE 108 )................................. 6

- Pronotum crossed by strong transverse impression ( Plate 108D View PLATE 108 )................................................ 7

6. Labial palpi 3-segmented......................................................................... Group 9

- Labial palpi 2-segmented......................................................................... Group 5

7. Enlarged claw without lamellae, with or without bristles or peg-like hairs ( Plate 109B View PLATE 109 )........................ Group 1

- Enlarged claw with lamellae ( Plate 107C View PLATE 107 ).................................................................. 8

8. Labial palpi 2-segmented............................................................................... 9

- Labial palpi 3-segmented.............................................................................. 10

9. Maxillary palpi composed of two–four segments...................................................... Group 2

- Maxillary palpi 5-segmented..................................................................... Group 10

10. Maxillary palpi 6-segmented...................................................................... Group 4

- Maxillary palpi 5-segmented...................................................................... Group 3

The above groups are distributed in the zoogeographical regions as follows:

Palaearctic: groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11.

Afrotropical: groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11.

Oriental: groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10.

Nearctic: groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9.

Neotropical: groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10.

Australian: groups 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9.

As far as, it is not possible divide also males into the above groups.

All Oriental species of Gonatopus can be attributed to one of the above eight female groups, except Gonatopus leurosipropodeus He & Xu, 2002 . The attribution of this species to a distinct group is impossible, because it was described on the basis of male specimens and its female is unknown. For this reason, it is attributed to an uncertain group (see “Uncertain group”).

Key to the males

(unknown for the species not present in the key) (males not divided into groups)

1. Notauli incomplete.................................................................................... 2

- Notauli complete..................................................................................... 4

2. Propodeum with dorsal surface dull, granulated, sculptured by irregular striae, and posterior surface shiny, smooth and unsculptured; dorsal surface of propodeum much shorter than posterior surface...................... G. maurus Kieffer

- Propodeum completely smooth and shiny, unsculptured; dorsal surface of propodeum much longer than posterior surface... 3

3. Dorsal process of paramere transverse ( Plate 122C View PLATE 122 ); clypeus testaceous.............................. G.lucens (Olmi)

- Dorsal process of paramere about parallel to penis, not transverse ( Plate 111A View PLATE 111 ); clypeus black....... G. nearcticus (Fenton)

4. Notauli posteriorly broadly separated..................................................................... 5

- Notauli posteriorly joint (or very close and almost joint)..................................................... 14

5. Dorsal process of paramere reduced to inner expansion of paramere ( Plate 122B View PLATE 122 )....... G. flavifemur (Esaki & Hashimoto)

- Dorsal process of paramere not reduced ( Plates 111B View PLATE 111 , 118D View PLATE 118 , 119D View PLATE 119 , 128A View PLATE 128 , 131A, B View PLATE 131 )................................ 6

6. Dorsal process of paramere much shorter than paramere ( Plates 128A View PLATE 128 , 131A, B View PLATE 131 )................................... 7

- Dorsal process of paramere as long as, or longer, or slightly shorter than paramere ( Plates 111B View PLATE 111 , 118D View PLATE 118 , 119D View PLATE 119 )............ 9

7. Head with POL more than four times as long as OOL; ocelli very large............................ G. rufoniger Olmi

- Head with POL less than three times as long as OOL; ocelli small............................................... 8

8. Dorsal process of paramere very slender ( Plate 131B View PLATE 131 ); clypeus completely black...................... G. superbus Olmi

- Dorsal process of paramere less slender ( Plate 128A View PLATE 128 ); clypeus medially black, laterally testaceous... G.javanus (R. Perkins)

9. Face completely or almost completely testaceous or yellow................................................... 10

- Face completely black or brown........................................................................ 11

10. Dorsal process of paramere longer than penis and paramere ( Plate 118D View PLATE 118 )......................... G. borneanus (Olmi)

- Dorsal process of paramere shorter than penis and paramere ( Plate 111B View PLATE 111 )...................... G. nigricans (R. Perkins)

11. Antennal segment 3 less than three times as long as broad; dorsal process of parameres longer than penis ( Plate 119D View PLATE 119 )............................................................................................ G. pyrillae (Mani)

- Antennal segment 3 more than three times as long as broad; dorsal process of parameres shorter than penis ( Plates 111B View PLATE 111 , 117C View PLATE 117 , 122D View PLATE 122 )............................................................................................. 12

12. Dorsal process of paramere almost completely joint to paramere ( Plate 111B View PLATE 111 ).................. G. nigricans (R. Perkins)

- Dorsal process of paramere completely separated from paramere ( Plates 117C View PLATE 117 , 122D View PLATE 122 ).............................. 13

13. Dorsal process of paramere slender ( Plate 122D View PLATE 122 )............................................. G. pedestris Dalman

- Dorsal process of paramere broader ( Plate 117C View PLATE 117 )............ G.malesiae (Olmi) type B or G.sarawakensis (Olmi) type B

14. Dorsal process of paramere very reduced ( Plates 117A View PLATE 117 , 122B View PLATE 122 ), reduced to inner expansion of paramere................ 15

- Dorsal process of paramere not reduced ( Plates 111B View PLATE 111 , 117B View PLATE 117 ).................................................. 16

15. Inner expansion of paramere with many irregular striae ( Plate 122B View PLATE 122 )................. G. flavifemur (Esaki & Hashimoto)

- Inner expansion of paramere without irregular striae ( Plate 117A View PLATE 117 )............................... G. nudus (R. Perkins)

16. Dorsal process of paramere much shorter than paramere ( Plates 111B View PLATE 111 , 131C View PLATE 131 )..................................... 17

- Dorsal process of paramere approximately as long as paramere ( Plates 117B View PLATE 117 , 131D View PLATE 131 )............................... 18

17. Dorsal process of paramere not transverse, with distal apex broad ( Plate 111B View PLATE 111 ); head and mesosoma mostly black or brown................................................................................... G. nigricans (R. Perkins)

- Dorsal process of paramere transverse, with distal apex pointed ( Plate 131C View PLATE 131 ); head and mesosoma mostly yellow-testaceous....................................................................................... G. asiaticus (Olmi)

18. Propodeum completely reticulate rugose; dorsal process of paramere broader ( Plate 117B View PLATE 117 )................................................................................ G.malesiae (Olmi) type A or G. sarawakensis (Olmi) type A

- Propodeum with posterior inclined region reticulate rugose and anterior flat region smooth and unsculptured; dorsal process of paramere slender ( Plate 131D View PLATE 131 ).................................................... G. leurosipropodeus He & Xu

Remarks. In the above key, there are two species, whose males are not distinguishable, G. malesiae (Olmi) and G. sarawakensis (Olmi) ; the situation is explained in remarks related to G. sarawakensis (see Group 2).

Group 1

One species is known in the Oriental region.

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hymenoptera

Family

Dryinidae

Loc

Gonatopus Ljungh, 1810

Xu, Zaifu, Olmi, Massimo & He, Junhua 2013
2013
Loc

Paradicondylus

Olmi, M. 1998: 72
Olmi, M. 1993: 78
Olmi, M. 1986: 102
1986
Loc

Nogatopus

Ponomarenko, N. G. 1979: 357
1979
Loc

Tetradontochelys J. Perkins 1976: 35

Perkins, J. F. 1976: 35
1976
Loc

Neogonatopoides

Abdul-Nour, H. 1976: 274
1976
Loc

Dolichochelys

Olmi, M. & Currado, I. 1976: 177
1976
Loc

Megagonatopus

Olmi, M. & Currado, I. 1976: 178
1976
Loc

Acrodontochelys

Olmi, M. 1993: 78
Olmi, M. 1984: 1172
Currado, I. 1976: 13
1976
Loc

Plectrogonatopoides

Olmi, M. 1993: 78
Olmi, M. 1984: 1431
Ponomarenko, N. G. 1975: 318
1975
Loc

Cyrtogonatopoides

Ponomarenko, N. G. 1966: 1579
1966
Loc

Pseudogonatopoides J. Williams 1956: 90

Williams, J. R. 1956: 90
1956
Loc

Rhynchogonatopus

Benoit, P. L. G. 1954: 390
1954
Loc

Madecagonatopus

Benoit, P. L. G. 1954: 392
1954
Loc

Idologonatopus

Ogloblin, A. A. 1953: 111
1953
Loc

Donisthorpina

Olmi, M. 1993: 78
Olmi, M. 1984: 1304
Richards, O. W. 1939: 201
1939
Loc

Plectrogonatopus

Richards, O. W. 1939: 207
1939
Loc

Tetrodontochelys

Olmi, M. 1993: 78
Olmi, M. 1984: 1434
Richards, O. W. 1939: 217
1939
Loc

Epigonatopoides

Richards, O. W. 1939: 221
1939
Loc

Allogonatopus

Haupt, H. 1938: 27
1938
Loc

Laberinus

Ogloblin, A. A. 1932: 266
1932
Loc

Metagonatopus

Ogloblin, A. A. 1932: 264
1932
Loc

Trichogonatopus Hellén 1930: 2

Hellen, W. 1930: 2
1930
Loc

Laberius

Richards, O. W. 1936: 169
Kieffer, J. J. 1914: 59
1914
Loc

Pristogonatopus

Richards, O. W. 1939: 195
Kieffer, J. J. 1914: 71
Kieffer, J. J. 1913: 325
1913
Loc

Digonatopus

Kieffer, J. J. 1913: 325
1913
Loc

Trigonatopus

Kieffer, J. J. 1914: 72
Kieffer, J. J. 1913: 325
1913
Loc

Trichogonatopus

Kieffer, J. J. 1909: 336
1909
Loc

Apterodryinus R. Perkins 1907: 14

Olmi, M. 1993: 78
Olmi, M. 1984: 1342
Perkins, R. C. L. 1907: 14
1907
Loc

Agonatopus R. Perkins 1907: 29

Perkins, R. C. L. 1907: 29
1907
Loc

Agonatopoides R. Perkins 1907: 33

Olmi, M. 1993: 78
Olmi, M. 1984: 1310
Perkins, R. C. L. 1907: 33
1907
Loc

Cyrtogonatopus

Kieffer, J. J. 1907: 19
1907
Loc

Mercetia

Olmi, M. 1996: 182
Kieffer, J. J. 1914: 19
Kieffer, J. J. & Marshall, T. A. 1906: 495
1906
Loc

Platygonatopus

Kieffer, J. J. & Marshall, T. A. 1906: 500
1906
Loc

Pseudogonatopus R. Perkins 1905: 34

Olmi, M. 1993: 78
Olmi, M. 1984: 1191
Chandra, G. 1980: 192
Perkins, J. F. 1976: 32
Richards, O. W. 1939: 195
Kieffer, J. J. 1914: 79
Kieffer, J. J. & Marshall, T. A. 1906: 488
Perkins, R. C. L. 1905: 34
1905
Loc

Paragonatopus R. Perkins 1905: 40

Richards, O. W. 1939: 195
Kieffer, J. J. 1914: 87
Kieffer, J. J. & Marshall, T. A. 1906: 488
Perkins, R. C. L. 1905: 40
1905
Loc

Neogonatopus R. Perkins 1905: 42

Perkins, R. C. L. 1905: 42
1905
Loc

Pachygonatopus R. Perkins 1905: 45

Perkins, R. C. L. 1905: 45
1905
Loc

Chalcogonatopus R. Perkins 1905: 46

Perkins, R. C. L. 1905: 46
1905
Loc

Labeola

Haldeman, S. S. 1842: 191
1842
Loc

Labea

Blanchard, E. 1840: 430
1840
Loc

Dicondylus

Olmi, M. 1993: 78
Olmi, M. 1984: 1374
Richards, O. W. 1937: 118
Richards, O. W. 1935: 147
Kieffer, J. J. 1914: 72
Walker, F. 1837: 411
Haliday, A. H. 1833: 273
1833
Loc

Labeo

Kieffer, J. J. & Marshall, T. A. 1905: 220
Dalla Torre C. G. de 1898: 542
Walker, F. 1837: 429
Haliday, A. H. 1833: 273
1833
Loc

Gonatopus

Virla, E. G. & Olmi, M. 2008: 371
He, J. & Xu, Z. 2002: 318
Olmi, M. 1999: 231
Olmi, M. 1998: 72
Olmi, M. 1998: 177
Olmi, M. 1996: 182
Olmi, M. 1995: 787
Olmi, M. 1995: 5
Olmi, M. 1994: 66
Olmi, M. 1993: 77
Richards, O. W. 1937: 118
Ljungh, S. J. 1810: 161
1810
Loc

Chalcogonatopus (Eugonatopus) pseudochromus R. Perkins 1905

Eugonatopus R. Perkins 1905: 46
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