Pulchrana laterimaculata Barbour & Noble, 1916

Figueroa, Alex, Low, Martyn E. Y. & Lim, Kelvin K. P., 2023, Singapore’s herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution, Zootaxa 5287 (1), pp. 1-378 : 55-56

Pulchrana laterimaculata Barbour & Noble, 1916 — Native.

Rana laterimaculata Barbour & Noble, 1916: 21 , 22, fig. 3. Holotype: MCZ 3811, by original designation, reported lost by Leong et al. (2003: 18); neotype: MCZ 3885, designated by Leong et al. (2003: 21). Type locality: “Sadong, Sarawak, Borneo”, East Malaysia.

Masked Rough-sided Frog

( Figure 7A )

Singapore records.

Rana glandulosa (part)— Flower, 1896: 905.— Flower, 1900: 897.—A.L. Butler, 1903: 200.— Boulenger, 1912: 236–237.—van Kampen, 1923: 194–195.

Rana glandulosa (non-Boulenger, 1882)— Boulenger, 1920b: 181.

Rana (Hylarana) grandulosa (part)— Bourret, 1942: 364.

Rana baramica (part)— Inger, 1966: 160, 162, 187.—Inger, 1996: 561.

Rana baramica (non Boettger, 1900)—K. Lim, 1990b: 13 (Nee Soon Swamp Forest).—K.K.P. Lim & L.M. Chou, 1990: 56.—K.K.P. Lim & C.M. Yang, 1991: 222 (Nee Soon Swamp Forest; Sime Road Forest).—K.K.P. Lim & F.L.K. Lim, 1992: 26, 143.—K.K.P. Lim & Subharaj, 1992: 9 (Lower Peirce Reservoir [LP]).—P.K.L. Ng & K.K.P. Lim, 1992: 260 (Nee Soon Swamp Forest).—Wee, 1992: 73 (Lower Peirce Reservoir [LP]).—L.M. Chou et al., 1994: 93.—R. Subaraj, 1994: 15 (Lornie Track [LF]; MacRitchie North Forest; Nee Soon Swamp Forest; Seletar North Forest [USNF]; Sime Road Forest).—K.K.P. Lim, 1994a: 330.—K.P. Lim, 1995: 20 (Mandai Lake Road; Seletar North Peninsula [USNF]; Upper Seletar Reservoir Park).—R.C.H. Teo & Rajathurai, 1997: 398 (Bukit Timah [BTNR]).— Manthey & Grossmann, 1997: 104.—T.M. Leong, 2000: 7.—K.P. Lim & F.L.K. Lim, 2002: 144.

Rana laterimaculata —T.M. Leong et al., 2003: 17–27 (Bukit Timah Nature Reserve).—N. Baker, 2005: 9.—Bickford et al., 2010: 121.—T.M. Leong, 2011: 20, 22.

Pulchrana laterimaculata —N. Baker & K.P. Lim, 2008: 62, 159 (Pulau Tekong).— Davison, 2011: 110.— K.K.P. Lim et al., 2016: 173 (Pulau Tekong).—R.C.H. Teo & Thomas, 2019: 153, 179 (Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Dairy Farm Nature Park).

Hylarana laterimaculata —P.K.L. Ng et al., 2011: 434.—N. Baker & K.P. Lim, 2012: 62, 159.—Matsui et al., 2012: 43.—L.K. Wang et al., 2012: 121.—Siow et al., 2014: 105 ( Holland Woods [= CF]).— E.K. Chua, 2015: 127.—R. Subaraj, 2015: 54 (Ulu Sembawang Forest).—S. Subaraj, 2015: 4 (Stephen Lee Woods [= RPN]).—S.M. Chong et al., 2018: 253, 254.

Pulchrana laterimaculate — Gilbert et al., 2012: 393.

Hylarana (Pulchrana) laterimaculata — Inger et al., 2017: 147.

Remarks. See P. baramica above for a discussion regarding the taxonomic confusion between these two species. Excluding the NHMUK specimens (see P. baramica ), P. laterimaculata was definitively first recorded from Singapore by Lim (1990b) who reported seeing a single individual at NSSF on 23 November 1990. Known from several localities throughout CNR and its surrounding Nature Parks and forests, a disjunct population was discovered at CF on 6 April 2014 (Siow et al. 2014). Pulchrana laterimaculata was also previously thought to occur at PT ( Baker & Lim 2008), but the record is now considered as unconfirmed ( Lim et al. 2016).

Occurrence. Wide-ranging. Common.

Singapore conservation status. Near-Threatened.

Conservation priority. Moderate due to narrow preference for swampy habitats.

IUCN conservation status. Least Concern [2021].

LKCNHM & NHMUK Museum specimens. Singapore (no locality) : ZRC.1.4764 18-Jun-2000; Lower Peirce Forest : ZRC.1.10279– ZRC.1.10281 (26-Dec-2002) , ZRC.1.10408 (08-Jan-2003) , ZRC.1.10841 (24-Jul-2003) , ZRC.1.10524a, b, c (14-Mar-2003) ; Mandai Orchid Garden [= MBP] : ZRC.1.12574 (20-Jan-2007) ; Nee Soon Swamp Forest : ZRC.1.2929 (23-Nov-1990) , ZRC.1.3016 (12-May-1991) , ZRC.1.4762– ZRC.1.4763 (17-Jun-2000) ; Sime Road Forest : ZRC.1.1540 (27-Feb-1975) , ZRC.1.5603 (20-Oct-2000) , ZRC.1.9179– ZRC.1.9180 (19-Jan-2002) , ZRC.1.9656– ZRC.1.9658 (04-May-2002) , ZRC.1.10032– ZRC.1.10033 (15-Aug-2002) , ZRC.1.10220:10223 (11-Dec-2002) , ZRC.1.10404– ZRC.1.10405 (15-Jan-2003) , ZRC.1.11370– ZRC.1.11398, ZRC.1.11351 (02-Sep-2004) , ZRC.1.11352, ZRC.1.11359 (06-Sep-2004) , ZRC.1.11411– ZRC.1.11424 (17-Nov-2004) .

Additional Singapore museum specimens. Singapore (no locality): FMNH; Nee Soon Jungle [= NSSF]: BPBM.

Singapore localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve—Clementi Forest—Dairy Farm Nature Park—Lornie Forest— Lower Peirce—Lower Peirce Forest—MacRitchie North Forest—Mandai Bird Park—Mandai Lake Road— Nee Soon Swamp Forest—Pulau Tekong—Rainforest Park North—Sime Road Forest—Ulu Sembawang Forest—Upper Seletar North Forest—Upper Seletar Reservoir Park—Windsor Nature Park.

Genus Sylvirana Dubois, 1992 (1 species)

Sylvirana Dubois, 1992 , Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 326 (type species: Lymnodytes nigrovittatus Blyth, 1855 , by original designation. Proposed as a subgenus of Rana ).

Figures

FIGURE 7. A) Pulchrana laterimaculata, B) Sylvirana guentheri, C) Leptomantis cyanopunctatus, D) Nyctixalus pictus, E) Polypedates leucomystax, F) Theloderma horridum, G) Crocodylus porosus, and H) Caretta caretta. Photographs by: Alex Figueroa [A–B, D–F], Marcus A.H. Chua [C], Jensen G.H. Seah [G], and Kelvin K.P. Lim [H].