Scaphisoma Leach
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.1649/0010-065X(2005)059[0001:PACOSS]2.0.CO;2 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8678F733-061B-5C1D-FF80-FBEDE074FA95 |
treatment provided by |
Carolina |
scientific name |
Scaphisoma Leach |
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Scaphisoma Leach, 1815: 89 View in CoL . Type species: Silpha agaricina Linnaeus, 1758 , by monotypy.
Scaphosoma Agazzi, 1846: 332 View in CoL . Unjustified emendation.
Caryoscapha Ganglbauer, 1899: 343 (as subgenus of Scaphosoma View in CoL ). Type species: Scaphisoma limbatum Erichson, 1845 View in CoL ; by monotypy. New Synonymy.
Scaphiomicrus Casey, 1900: 58 View in CoL . Type species: Scaphisoma pusilla LeConte, 1860 , by original designation. Synonymy by Fall, 1910: 119.
Pseudoscaphosoma Pic, 1915: 31 View in CoL . Type species: Pseudoscaphosoma testaceomaculatum Pic, 1915 View in CoL ; by original designation. Synonymy by Löbl, 1975.
Scutoscaphosoma Pic, 1916: 3 (subgenus of Scaphosoma ). Type species: Scaphosoma (Scutoscaphosoma) rouyeri Pic, 1916 , by monotypy. Synonymy by Löbl, 1981.
Scaphella Achard, 1924: 29 View in CoL . Type species: Scaphosoma antennatum Achard, 1919 View in CoL ; by original designation. Synonymy by Löbl, 1970.
Macrobaeocera Pic, 1924: 195 View in CoL . Type species: Scaphosoma phungi Pic, 1922 View in CoL , by monotypy. Synonymy by Löbl, 1975.
Mimoscaphosoma Pic, 1928 a: 49 (subgenus). Type species: Scaphosoma [tabul.] ( Mimoscaphosoma ) bruchi Pic, 1928 a; by monotypy.
Macroscaphosoma Löbl, 1970:128 (subgenus Macroscaphosoma Pic, 1928 b: 33 , unavailiable). Type species: Macroscaphosoma collarti Löbl 1970 ; by original designation. New Synonymy.
Metalloscapha Löbl, 1975: 384 . Type species: Metalloscapha papua Löbl, 1975 ; by original designation. Synonymy by Löbl, 2002.
Comments. Caryoscapha , Macroscaphosoma , and Metalloscapha , share many features in common with Scaphisoma , and these are characters that are synapomorphies for the Scaphisoma group. We included Metalloscapha as a terminal in this analysis, even though the genus was considered recently as a synonym of Scaphisoma by Löbl (2002). We believe that this group of four genera form a basal grade of taxa, and while it may seem justifiable to remove Metalloscapha from synonymy, we reject this action and instead move to synonymize Caryoscapha and Macroscaphosoma with Scaphisoma and accept the status of Metalloscapha as a synonymn of Scaphisoma . Scaphisoma is the largest genus with almost 600 species world wide, and can be divided into several species groups (e.g., Löbl 1970, 1971, 1979), some of which are quite distinctive, like Metalloscapha papua which has an elongate third antennomere. But upon closer inspection of the genus by Löbl (2002), it was demonstrated that having an elongate third antennomere is variable in Scaphisoma , though rare, and the synonymy was justified based on this argument as well as similarities in the genitalia among taxa that are related to Metalloscapha papua .
Similarly, members of Caryoscapha differ from all other described Scaphisoma by a securiform and grooved apical maxillary palpus (Löbl 1987, character 6-2), but based on C. americana Löbl , it has larval and pupal characters that do not significantly differ from the generic concept of Scaphisoma ( Leschen 1988) . Not considering the palpal character, members of Caryoscapha would fall within the Scaphisoma subalpinum group, so Caryoscapha would make Scaphisoma paraphyletic. The securiform palpomere, like the elongate third antennomere, is a rather rare character in Scaphisoma , but is variable in the genus, with other species, including at least one undescribed Neotropical species having this feature.
Macroscaphosoma is distinctive from most Scaphisoma by having strong microsculpture covering its body surfaces. Many Scaphisoma have microsculpture, usually confined to certain body regions (like the ventrites), but in these species it isn’t as strongly impressed as it is in Macroscaphosoma . Based on other characters, Macroscaphosoma simply appears to be another modified Scaphisoma . Meanwhile, regarding the name Macroscaphosoma, Löbl (1970) using this name did not realize that Pic’s (1928 b) subgeneric name is unavailable, and making it available he became its author.
We believe that to test the question of Scaphisoma monophyly deserves a thorough study of the genus, and assume here that it is monophyletic by invoking a broader concept of the genus. Specimens examined of Scaphisoma to determine the synonymies recognised here are deposited in the MHNG.
New Combinations. From Caryoscapha : Scaphisoma americanum (Löbl, 1987) , S. limbatum Erichson, 1845 (as in original combination), S. monticola (Löbl, 1987) , S. seorsum (Löbl, 1965) . From Macroscaphosoma : S. collarti (Löbl, 1970) , S. feai (Löbl, 1970) .
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
Kingdom |
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Phylum |
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Class |
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Order |
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Family |
Scaphisoma Leach
Leschen, Richard A. B. & Löbl, Ivan 2005 |
Scaphella
Achard, J. 1924: 29 |
Scaphiomicrus
Fall, H. C. 1910: 119 |
Casey, T. L. 1900: 58 |
Caryoscapha
Ganglbauer, L. 1899: 343 |
Scaphosoma
Agazzi, L. 1846: 332 |
Scaphisoma
Leach, W. E. 1815: 89 |