Cincticostella changfai Martynov & Palatov, 2021
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publication ID |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1040.64280 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E593F4D8-450E-4D1A-AF0E-1CD2BBB04905 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C04D239A-E4B2-4E72-B238-3F42C3616861 |
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taxon LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:act:C04D239A-E4B2-4E72-B238-3F42C3616861 |
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treatment provided by |
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scientific name |
Cincticostella changfai Martynov & Palatov |
| status |
sp. nov. |
Cincticostella changfai Martynov & Palatov sp. nov. Figs 1 View Figure 1 , 2 View Figure 2 , 3 View Figure 3 , 4 View Figure 4
Description.
Larva. Late instars: body length 10.7-14.0 mm; caudal filaments length 6.0-9.1 mm. Body robust, yellowish-brown to brown (Fig. 1A View Figure 1 ).
Head: Without tubercles and ridges. Genae moderately developed, rounded (Fig. 1B View Figure 1 ). Mouthparts (Fig. 2A-G View Figure 2 ): Labrum (Fig. 2C View Figure 2 ) wide, angles rounded; anteromedian emargination wide and shallow (labrum height in emargination/maximum labrum height ratio - 0.84-0.87); surface densely covered with long, stout hair-like setae, very short rounded scales with feathered margin and empty scale sockets; anterior margin and angles with thin and stout hair-like setae; central part of anterior margin also with feathered setae. Mandibles (Fig. 2A, B View Figure 2 ) with empty scale sockets, very short scales and long hair-like setae, the greatest number of the hair-like setae near outer margin; prostheca consisting of protuberance with tuft of middle-sized hair-like setae. Right (planate) mandible with row of long thick hair-like setae (5-8) under mola and tuft of short or middle-sized hair-like setae above; outer and inner incisors (kinetodontium) with three teeth. Left (angulate) mandible with few short hair-like setae at end of mola; outer incisor apex with four teeth; inner incisor with four teeth, the two central ones distinctly larger. Rounded apices of superlinguae with long stout and thin hair-like setae; surfaces of lingua covered with thin hair-like setae (Fig. 2D View Figure 2 ). Irregular rows of short, pointed, stout setae (up to 9) present on lingua surface near base; these rows mainly subtransverse relative to longitudinal axis of body. Maxilla (Fig. 2F View Figure 2 ) with two dentisetae, their inner margins serrate. Apex and apical part of maxilla surfaces with numerous long, stout hair-like setae; inner margin of galea-lacinia covered with dense row of stout hair-like setae; surface of galea-lacinia near base with group of 13-22 different-sized stout hair-like setae. Maxillary palp long, 3-segmented, with distinct articulations (Fig. 2E, F View Figure 2 ). Segments I and II with long, hair-like setae; most stout setae located on segment I; segment III short and rounded apically, with several fine setae. Labium with rounded glossae. Whole ventral surface of labium, dorsal surface of glossae and apices of paraglossae densely covered with long, stout, hair-like setae (Fig. 2G View Figure 2 ). Labial palp 3-segmented; segment I and segment II flattened and subequal in length, ventral side covered with long stout and thin hair-like setae; central part of segment I dorsal surface densely covered with empty scale sockets and very short rounded scales with feathered margins. Segment III elongated (length/width ratio = 2.66-3.5, average - 2.9), rounded apically, covered with numerous short fine setae.
Thorax: Dorsal surface of thorax covered with few scattered short, hair-like setae. Pronotum expanded laterally, with broad, rounded, anterolateral projections (Fig. 1D View Figure 1 ). Anterolateral projections of mesothorax well-developed, not notched, broad, somewhat rounded, with outer margins not subparallel to lateral aspect of body (Fig. 1C View Figure 1 ). Thoracic surface without distinct ridges and tubercles. In mature larvae, paired posterior projections between fore wing pads moderately developed, triangulate, cleft between them wide; apical parts of outer margins of projections not pressed against wing pads.
In late instars, femora of all legs slightly flattened (length/width ratio = fore femur 2.17-2.38; middle femur 2.56-2.86; hind femur 2.63-2.86), each one with longitudinal ridge, especially visible on middle and hind femora (Fig. 3A-C View Figure 3 ). Average length ratio of leg’s parts (femur: tibia: tarsus): foreleg 1.90: 1.63: 1.00; middle leg 2.40: 2.27: 1.00; hind leg 2.59: 2.77: 1.00. Outer margins of all femora without apical projection.
Whole dorsal surface of fore femur with scattered middle-sized, hair-like setae; basal part of surface with group of spine-like setae, bifurcated stout setae and stout hair-like setae. Distal part of dorsal surface with narrow, transverse band consisting of irregular, sparse row of mainly long and middle-sized, pointed, bifurcated and only sometimes rounded apically, stout setae (some of them situated on chalazae) (Fig. 3A, D, E View Figure 3 ); also several short, rounded and bluntly pointed apically, stout setae situated in same band. Outer margin of fore femur and dorsal surfaces along it covered by different-sized stout setae with pointed, rounded or bifurcated apices and few hair-like setae; most hair-like setae in basal part. Inner margin of fore femur and adjacent part of dorsal surface densely covered with spine-like setae and stout hair-like setae; dorsal surface along inner margin with similar setae, but more scattered. Inner margins of fore tibia and tarsus and dorsal surfaces along those margins densely covered with spine-like setae and stout, hair-like setae. Dorsal surface of fore tibia also with row of long, pointed and bifurcated, stout setae and scattered hair-like setae. Outer margin of fore tibia and tarsus with few hair-like setae only (solitary and in tufts).
Dorsal surfaces of middle and hind femora covered with few hair-like setae and numerous short and several middle-sized rounded or bluntly pointed (sometimes bifurcated) apically stout setae (Fig. 3B, C, F View Figure 3 ). Inner margins of middle and hind femora without rows of stout setae, with several hair-like setae. Outer margins of middle and hind femora with irregular rows of different-sized (mainly long), pointed and bifurcated, stout setae (Fig. 3F View Figure 3 ); also with few solitary and in tufts hair-like setae; longest hair-like setae in basal parts of margins.
Inner margins of middle and hind tibiae and tarsi densely covered with spine-like setae and stout, hair-like setae; inner margins of middle and hind tibiae also with long, pointed and bifurcated, stout setae. Outer margins of middle and hind tibiae with rows of long, pointed and bifurcated, stout setae. Outer margins of middle and hind tarsi with hair-like setae (solitary and in tufts) only.
Ventral surfaces of all tibiae and tarsi with hair-like setae (solitary and in tufts) and long, thin, pointed, stout setae; stout setae situated in apical parts of tibiae and tarsi and along their inner margins.
Tarsal claws of all legs hooked, usually with two subequal denticles (seldom with one denticle) (Fig. 3G, H View Figure 3 ) and several subapical setae (setae often broken, as in our figures, but sockets still visible).
Abdomen: Central parts of dorsal surfaces of terga II-IX with two medial fields of middle-sized and small stout setae (Fig. 4A, C View Figure 4 ) with rounded, bluntly pointed or bifurcated apices. Surfaces of all terga covered with few hair-like setae, very short scales with feathery margins and empty scale sockets (most number of two last situated on lateral areas of tergal surfaces). Whole sternal surfaces covered with middle-sized hair-like setae, very short scales with feathery margins and empty scale sockets.
Posterior margins of terga I-II each with row of long hair-like setae; of tergum III with few long thin bluntly pointed or bifurcated apically stout setae and hair-like setae; of terga IV-VII with several rounded and pointed (sometimes bifurcated) stout setae near paired projections; of terga VIII-X with rows of short and middle-sized, mainly rounded apically, stout setae (these rows extending from paired projections to lateral margins). Lateral margins of terga IV-VIII covered with numerous short stout setae.
Pairs of pointed, not bifurcated projections present on abdominal terga II-X, with those on terga II-IV and X smaller than others; those on terga V-IX strongest (Fig. 4A-C View Figure 4 ). Projections on terga IX elongated and pointed. Surfaces of paired projections on terga V-X covered with short stout setae with mainly rounded apices. Posterolateral projections of abdominal segments IV-IX present.
Dorsal surfaces of abdominal gills covered with hair-like setae and scale sockets; shapes of gills as in Fig. 4D-H View Figure 4 ; gill III without medial, transverse band of weakened membrane; ventral lamella of gills III-V bifurcated; ventral lamella of gills VI without medial cleft.
Caudal filaments subequal in length, with elongated, bluntly pointed or rounded (sometimes bifurcated) apically stout setae and hair-like setae at articulations (Fig. 4I, J View Figure 4 ).
Adults.
Unknown.
Etymology.
The new species is named in honour of Dr. Chang-Fa Zhou (Nanjing Normal University, China), who contributed significantly to the study of the genus Cincticostella .
Diagnosis.
The new species can be easily distinguished from other representatives of the C. nigra complex by the following combination of characters: (i) genae moderately developed, rounded (Fig. 1B View Figure 1 ); (ii) labrum with shallow anteromedian emargination (Fig. 2C View Figure 2 ); (iii) maxillary palp well-developed (Fig. 2E, F View Figure 2 ); (iv) segment III of maxillary palp small, rounded apically (Fig. 2E View Figure 2 ); (v) prothoracic anterolateral projections small, broad, rounded (Fig. 1C, D View Figure 1 ); (vi) mesothoracic anterolateral projections well-developed, not notched, somewhat rounded, with outer margins not subparallel to lateral aspect of body (Fig. 1C, D View Figure 1 ); (vii) surface of thorax covered with a few scattered common, short, hair-like setae; (viii) fore femur with narrow, transverse band consisting of irregular, sparse row of mainly long and middle-sized, pointed, bifurcated and sometimes rounded apically, stout setae (Fig. 3A, D, E View Figure 3 ); also several short, rounded and bluntly pointed apically, stout setae situated in the band; (ix) tarsal claw with two subequal denticles mainly (Fig. 3G, H View Figure 3 ); (x) pairs of pointed, not bifurcated projections present on abdominal terga II-X, with those on terga II-IV and X smaller than others; those on terga V-IX strongest; projections on terga IX elongated and pointed (Fig. 4A-C View Figure 4 ).
Distribution.
Known only from Nepal and northern India.
Habitat.
Larvae of this species were collected in middle-sized rivers (wide 4-15 m) in deep valleys, at an altitude of about 1000 m a.s.l. on the South slope of the Great Himalaya Range (India, Uttarakhand State and Bagmati Zone, Central Nepal) (Fig. 24A View Figure 24 ). These rivers had low water temperature (12-13 °C), relatively high current velocity (about 0.7-0.8 m/s) and mainly stony bottom. Larvae were collected from stones at sections with current velocity 0.3-0.5 m/s together with Baetis (s.str.) sp., different Heptageniidae ( Electrogena ?), Euthraulus sp., Glossosomatidae and Hydropsychidae . The studied valleys of the rivers are densely populated by humans; therefore, the rivers are under the significant anthropogenic pressure. Investigated rivers can be classified as alpha- or beta-mezosaprobic waterbodies.
Type material.
Holotype: Nepal: larva, Bagmati zone, Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park, Gohare Khola River (near Mahankal village), 27.885842°N, 85.531386°E, h ~ 1050 m a.s.l., 4.iii.2007, Chertoprud M.V. leg. - IN Nepa5Cinsp1/1 [NMNH NASU]. Paratypes: Nepal: 22 larvae (one larva on slide 640), same data as holotype. - IN Nepa5Cinsp1/2-4 [NMNH NASU]; India: 9 larvae (3 larvae on slides 630, 657, 658), Uttarakhand, Almora District, Ramganga River (300 m above Patangoari Village), 29.941569°N, 79.414394°E, h ~ 1050 m a.s.l., 3.ii.2011, Palatov D.M., Chertoprud M.V. leg. - IN Indi2Cinsp [NMNH NASU]. 6 larvae, Uttarakhand, Chamoli District, Pindar River (2 km above of the Karnaprayag Town), 30.251625, 79.229203, h ~ 780 m a.s.l., 4.ii.2011, Palatov D.M. leg. - IN Indi4Cinsp1/1-3 [NMNH NASU].
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