Chthonius guglielmii Callaini, 1986

Gardini, Giulio, 2021, The Italian species of the Chthonius ischnocheles group (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae), with reference to neighbouring countries, Zootaxa 4987 (1), pp. 1-131 : 51-56

Chthonius guglielmii Callaini, 1986

( Figs 143–157 , 405 )

Chthonius (s. str.) guglielmii Callaini, 1986a: 231 , figs Ia–f.

Chthonius (Neochthonius) ilvensis: Costantini 1976: 122 .

Chthonius (N.) pygmaeus carinthiacus: Costantini 1976: 122 ; Lazzeroni 1969b: 389.

Type locality: Italy, Veneto, Verona Province, Trezzolano (45°30’N, 11°04’E) .

Distribution. France (Alpes-Maritimes), Italy (from Venetian Pre-Alps to Ligurian Alps).

Diagnosis (♂ ♀). An eyed epigean Chthonius that differs from other species of the ischnocheles group in the following combination of characters: anterior margin of carapace without preocular microsetae; posterior margin of carapace with 2 macrosetae, without lateral microsetae; chelicerae with 1 (rarely 2) lateral microseta; pedipalpal hand as dark as the fingers; chelal fingers with contiguous teeth, teeth low, cuspidate and slightly reclined, with sinuous distal side; fixed and movable chelal fingers with 49–61 and 37–49 teeth respectively.

Type material examined. ITALY — Veneto: Verona Prov. — 1 ♂ (holotype), 1 ♂ 3 ♀ (paratypes), Verona, Trezzolano, II.1978, A. Guglielmi leg. ( MSNV) .

Other material examined. FRANCE — Alpes-Maritimes — 1 ♂, Lantosque, 9.X.1984, R. Rizzerio & S. Zoia leg. ; 1 ♂ 2 ♀, Lucéram, near Peïra Cava, 20.VIII.1981, S. Zoia leg.

ITALY — Veneto: Verona Prov. — 1 ♂, Brenzone, Val Trovai, 1100 m a.s.l., 3. VIII.2009, G. Caoduro leg.; 1 ♀, Dolcè, summit of Monte Pastello, 1120 m a.s.l., 24.IX.1999, A. Zanetti leg., beech wood; 1 ♂ ( C. pygmaeus carinthiacus , det. G. Lazzeroni), Erbezzo, Vajo dell’Anguilla, 2. V.1968, G. Osella leg. ( MSNV); 2 ♂ 2 ♀ 1 T ( C. pygmaeus carinthiacus , det. G. Lazzeroni), Grezzana, Case Vecie, 6.XII.1967, G. Osella & G. Lazzeroni leg. ( MSNV); 2 ♂ 1 ♀, Grezzana, Vajo del Paradiso, 27.II.1972, leg.?; 1 ♀, Malcesine, Monte Baldo, near Pra Alpesina, 1400 m a.s.l., 18.X.1981, S. Zoia leg.; 1 ♂ 2 ♀, id., 31. V.1987, C. Torti leg.; 5 ♂ ( C. pygmaeus carinthiacus , det. G. Lazzeroni), Negrar, Montecchio, 29.IX.1968, G. Osella leg. ( MSNV); 4 ♂ 1 ♀ ( C. pygmaeus carinthiacus , det. G. Lazzeroni), Negrar, near Montecchio, 2. V.1968, G. Lazzeroni & G. Osella leg. ( MSNV); 2 ♂ ( C. pygmaeus carinthiacus , det. G. Lazzeroni), Roverè Veronese, Vajo di Squaranto, 9. V.1968, G. Lazzeroni leg. ( MSNV); 2 ♂ ( C. pygmaeus carinthiacus , det. G. Lazzeroni), Roverè Veronese, Vajo di Squaranto near Cerro, 11.VII.1968, G. Lazzeroni leg. ( MSNV); 1 ♂ ( C. pygmaeus carinthiacus , det. G. Lazzeroni), Selva di Progno, between Giazza and Revolto, 10.VII.1968, G. Lazzeroni leg. ( MSNV); 1 ♀, Tregnago, Finetti, 8.III.1997, A. Tagliapietra & A. Zanetti leg.; 1 T ( C. pygmaeus carinthiacus , det. G. Lazzeroni), Velo Veronese, 8. V.1968, G. Lazzeroni & A. Montolli leg. ( MSNV); 1 ♂ 1 T, Vestenanova, 500 m a.s.l., 1.X.1985, S. Zoia leg. Veneto: Vicenza Prov. — 1 ♀, Cornedo Vicentino, valley towards the cave Grotta del Cameron, 300 m a.s.l., 2.XI.2005, D. Bianco leg.; 3 ♀, Schio, Magrè, via Siberia, 245 m s.l.m., 30. VIII.2017, D. Bianco leg., Fraxinus roots. Trentino: Trento Prov. — 1 ♀, Ala, Val Ronchi, 900 m a.s.l., 5.X.1989, S. Zoia leg., beech wood; 1 ♂ 2 ♀, Avio, Piani di Lavacchio, 1550 m a.s.l., 12.X.1997, A. Zanetti leg., beech wood; 1 ♀, Lavarone, Covelo di Rio Malo 12 V /TN, 980 m a.s.l., 12.VII.1916. D. Bianco, A. Casa & G. Mantese leg.; 1 ♀, Pieve Tesino, Torrente Grigno valley, 850 m a.s.l., 28. VI.1993, M. Bodon leg., mixed wood; 1 ♀, Vallarsa, near Galleria d’Havet, 1790 m a.s.l., 30. VI.2016, D. Bianco leg., soil washing; 4 ♂, Vallarsa, Galleria d’Havet, 1790 m a.s.l., 19.VII.2017, D. Bianco & S. Dal Lago leg., soil washing; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Vallarsa, Passo di Pian delle Fugazze, 1170 m a.s.l., 17.X.2011, M. Uliana leg., beech wood; 1 ♀, id., 1150 m a.s.l., 18.X.2013, M. Uliana leg., beech wood. Lombardy: Bergamo Prov. — 2 ♂ 3 ♀, Monasterolo, Val Torrezzo Fonta, 600 m a.s.l., 19. VI.1996, P. Pantini & M. Valle leg.; 1 ♀, San Pellegrino, Crepaccio della Rocca 1058 Lo/BG, 1.XI.1985, D. Vailati leg.; 1 ♂, Schilpario, ravines of Fiume Dezzo, 18.I.1998, A. Zanetti leg.; 4 ♂ 1 ♀, Sovere, Valle Sandina, 500 m a.s.l., 20. II.1996, P. Pantini & M. Valle leg.; 1 ♂ 4 ♀, Taleggio, I Serrati, 500 m a.s.l., VII.1991, Bacchetta leg.; 2 ♂ 1 ♀, Vertova, Val Vertova, 1200 m a.s.l., 21.IX.1985, A. Focarile leg., beech wood. Lombardy: Brescia Prov. — 2 ♂ 2 ♀, Berzo Demo, near Forno Allione, 550 m a.s.l., 13.II.1994, S. Zoia leg., chestnut wood; 1 ♂, Brescia, Collina Sant’Anna, 26.I.2011, M. Grottolo leg.; 1 ♂, Concesio, Val Piana, 9.IV.2016, M. Grottolo leg.; 2 ♀, Gavardo, Büs de la Basèta 136 Lo/BS, 28.IX.1969, D. Vailati leg.; 1 ♂, Iseo, Covelo, 220 m a.s.l., 1. V.1992, F. Gasparo leg.; 1 ♀, Marcheno, Grotta del Taeret 920 Lo/BS, 645 m a.s.l., 13.IV.2019, M. Grottolo leg.; 1 ♂, Paitone, Pospesio, 270 m a.s.l., 22.I.2011, M. Grottolo leg.; 1 ♀, Passirano, Camignone, Monte Valenzano, 13. VI.2016, M. Grottolo leg.; 2 ♀, near Polaveno, 850 m a.s.l., 9.VII.1979, S. Zoia leg.; 2 ♂ 2 ♀, Polaveno, Punta dell’Orto, 19.III.2016, M. Grottolo leg.; 1 ♂, Tavernole sul Mella, Pezzoro, 1050 m a.s.l., 17. VI.1985, D. Vailati leg.; 1 ♀, Valvestino, Cuel del Salvanì 413 Lo/BS, 1020 m a.s.l., 15.IV.1979, D. Vailati leg.; 1 ♀, Villanuova sul Clisi, Büs del Cargadur 308 Lo/BS, 26. IX.1969, D. Vailati leg.; 1 ♂ ( C. pygmaeus carinthiacus , det. M. Beier), Villanuova sul Clisi, Büs del Pian dei Calanch 307 Lo/BS, 2. VIII.1970, D. Vailati leg. Piedmont: Alessandria Prov. — 1 ♀, Bosio, Capanne di Marcarolo, 760 m a.s.l., 28.IV.2014, L. Galli leg., beech wood. Piedmont: Asti Prov. — 1 ♂ 2 ♀, Cessole, 200 m a.s.l., 13.IV.2008, R. Poggi leg., under bark of Castanea (MSNG) ; 2 ♂ 1 ♀, Loazzolo, 480 m a.s.l., 4.XI.2007, R. Poggi leg., sieved under Castanea (MSNG) . Piedmont: Cuneo Prov. — 1 ♂ 3 ♀, Alto, Colle del Prione, 1300 m a.s.l., 2.XI.1990, G. Gardini leg., beech wood; 2 ♂ 2 ♀, Arguello, Il Mulino, 400 m a.s.l., 8.III.1992, G.B. Delmastro leg.; 5 ♂ 4 ♀, Bagnasco, Colle dei Giovetti, 5.IV.2017, L. Galli & M. Zinni leg., sieved under Picea ; 1 ♀, Bossea, Ponte del Murao, 6. VIII.1986, R. Rizzerio leg., beech wood; 3 ♂ 10 ♀, Bossea, Val Corsaglia, 900–1200 m a.s.l., 8.X.1986, S. Zoia leg., beech wood; 1 ♂ 2 ♀, near Caprauna, 1350 m a.s.l., 10.IX.1987, S. Zoia leg.; 1 ♂ 2 ♀, Caprauna, 950 m a.s.l., 22.IV.2007, G. Gardini leg., mixed wood; 3 ♂ 8 ♀, Caprauna, Madonna Guarnieri, 1260 m a.s.l., 23.IV.2007, G. Gardini leg., sieved under Corylus ; 11 ♂ 9 ♀, Caprauna, N slope of Monte Armetta, 1700 m a.s.l., 10. VI.1984, R. Rizzerio leg.; 2 ♂ 1 ♀, id., 1600 m a.s.l., 20. VI.1984, R. Rizzerio leg., beech wood; 1 ♀, id., 17. VI.1985, G. Gardini, R. Rizzerio & S. Zoia leg., beech wood; 2 ♂, Caramagna Piemonte, Bosco del Merlino, 250 m a.s.l., 6. VIII.1996, G.B. Delmastro & M. Evangelista leg. ( MCCI); 1 ♀, Castelmagno, near Torrente Grana, 915 m a.s.l., 7.IV.1992, G.B. Delmastro leg., beech wood; 1 ♀, Chiusa Pesio, Grotta Superiore del Camoscere 250 Pi/ CN, 1140 m a.s.l., 1.X.1995, R. Monguzzi leg. ( RMM); 2 ♀, Garessio, N slope of Monte Galero, 1300 m a.s.l., 29. V.1976, G. Gardini leg., beech wood; 1 ♂, id., 30. V.1976, A. & L. Briganti leg.; 2 ♂, Garessio, Monte Grosso near Monte Antoroto, 1900 m a.s.l., 19.VII.2009, R. Poggi leg. ( MSNG); 4 T, Limone Piemonte, Colle di Tenda, 1600 m a.s.l., 6. VIII.1980, L. Briganti, G. Gardini & S. Zoia leg.; 1 ♀, Limone Piemonte, Rifugio Capanna Chiara, 1500 m a.s.l., 22.VII.1981, C. Torti & S. Zoia leg., beech wood; 1 ♀, Ormea, Aimoni, 780 m a.s.l., 24.VII.1980, G. Gardini & S. Zoia leg.; 1 ♂, Ormea, Colle di Caprauna, 1290 m a.s.l., 20. V.1997, G. Gardini leg., mixed wood with Fagus ; 1 ♂ 1 T, Ormea, Monte Armetta, 1680 m a.s.l., 8.VII.1986, S. Zoia leg.; 1 ♀, Ormea, Prale, 1000 m a.s.l., 17. V.1987, G. Gardini leg. ( MSNG); 1 ♀, Ormea, near Prale, 1200 m a.s.l., 10.IX.1987, S. Zoia leg.; 2 ♂ 1 ♀, Pamparato, Rifugio Manolino, 1750 m a.s.l., no date, A. Focarile leg., under Alnus and Larix ; 5 ♂ 11 ♀ 32 T 14 D, Pesio, near Certosa di Pesio, 1000 m a.s.l., 13.IX.1983, S. Zoia leg., beech wood; 1 ♂, Pesio, Pian delle Gorre, 1000 m a.s.l., 2.XI.1974, N. Sanfilippo leg.; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, id., 7.VII.1980, G. Gardini, S. Zoia & L. Briganti leg.; 1 ♂ 2 ♀, id., 20. V.1986, G. Gardini, R. Rizzerio & S. Zoia leg., beech wood; 1 ♂, Pradleves, Vallone Pentenera, 900 m a.s.l., 30.XII.1991, G.B. Delmastro leg.; 3 ♀, Roburent, San Giacomo di Roburent, 1000 m a.s.l., 22. V.1982, G. Gardini & R. Rizzerio leg., beech wood on limestone; 4 ♀ 1 T, id., 29.X.1989, R. Benelli leg.; 2 ♀, Roccaforte Mondovì, near Rastello, 1400 m a.s.l., 24.X.1985, G. Gardini, A. Rey & S. Zoia leg., beech wood; 1 ♂, Roccavione, Tetto Cherro, 710 m a.s.l., 16. XI.1993, G.B. Delmastro leg.; 1 ♂, Roccavione, Torrente Gesso, 630 m a.s.l., 7.IV.2010, M. Evangelista leg. ( MCCI); 1 ♂, Trinità di Entracque, 1600 m a.s.l., 28. V.2011, M. Isaia leg.; 9 ♂ 1 ♀, Upega, slope Monte Marguareis, 1300 m a.s.l., 13.IX.1983, S. Zoia leg., beech wood. Piedmont: Torino Prov. — 2 ♂ 1 ♀, Lanzo Torinese, Ponte del Diavolo, 490 m a.s.l., 21. VIII.1998, G.B. Delmastro leg. ( MCCI). Liguria: Genoa Prov. — 6 ♂ 3 ♀, Arenzano, Val Lerone, 550 m a.s.l., 12.X.1997, S. Zoia leg.; 1 ♂, Cogoleto, Sciarborasca, Pian Canei, 780 m a.s.l., 27.III.1988, G. Gardini & S. Zoia leg. Liguria: Imperia Prov. —1 T, Aquila d’Arroscia, slope Monte Bozzaro, 17.IX.1985, G. Gardini, R. Rizzerio & S. Zoia leg.; 1 T, Badalucco, 150 m a.s.l., 31. VIII.1979, S. Zoia leg.; 3 ♂ 5 ♀, near Badalucco, 300 m a.s.l., 12. V.1988, G. Gardini & S. Zoia leg., Quercus ilex wood; 2 ♀, near Baiardo, 800 m a.s.l., 6.XI.1981, S. Zoia, G. Gardini & A. Boato leg., mixed wood on flysh; 2 ♀, id., 17. VI.1982, L. Ansaldo, C. Torti & S. Zoia leg.; 1 ♂ 2 ♀, Baiardo, S slope of Monte Ceppo, 1160 m a.s.l., 28.I.2003, S. Zoia & F. Polese leg., beech wood; 1 ♀, Caravonica, near Colle San Bartolomeo, 600 m a.s.l., 20.III.1986, C. Torti & S. Zoia leg., Quercus leaf litter; 3 ♂, near Ceriana, 380 m a.s.l., 6.XI.1981, S. Zoia, G. Gardini & A. Boato leg., chestnut wood on flysh; 5 ♂ 1 ♀ 1 T, Cosio di Arroscia, near Ponte Sciairante, 940 m a.s.l., 25.XI.2006, M. Bodon leg., beech wood with Corylus ; 1 ♂, Molini di Triora, 500 m a.s.l., 3.VII.1991, N. Sanfilippo leg.; 1 ♀, Montalto Ligure, 20.III.1986, S. Zoia & C. Torti leg.; 13 ♂ 17 ♀, Pigna, Colla Melosa, 1400 m a.s.l., 16. VI.1989, G. Gardini & R. Rizzerio leg., beech wood; 1 ♂, Pigna, Colle di Gouta, 1000 m a.s.l., 19.VII.1975, R. Poggi leg.; 4 ♂ 3 ♀, Pigna, Marellae, 6.XII.1981, S. Zoia, S. Durante & R. Sciaky leg., Quercus ilex wood on limestone; 2 ♂ 7 ♀, Pigna, Passo Muratone, 1150 m a.s.l., 19.VII.1975, R. Poggi leg.; 2 ♀, near Pigna, 800 m a.s.l., 27.I.2003, S. Zoia & F. Polese leg.; 1 ♀, Pontedassio, Sgoreto, 27.XI.1994, M. Bodon leg.; 4 ♂ 4 ♀, Rezzo, 1000 m a.s.l., 1. V.1989, G. Gardini leg., beech wood; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ 1 T, id., 20.IV.1991, G. Gardini leg.; 4 ♀, San Bernardo di Mendatica, Ponte dell’Isola, 960 m a.s.l., 15.IX.1985, D. Vailati leg.; 2 ♂, Sanremo, Borello, 600 m a.s.l., 8.XI.1974, G. Gardini leg., sieved under Quercus ilex ; 1 ♀ 1 T, Testa d’Alpe, Fontana dei Draghi, 1380 m a.s.l., 30. VIII.2009, M. Capurro leg., mixed wood; 2 ♂ 2 ♀ 2 T, Testa d’Alpe, Margheria Suan, 4.X.2009, M. Capurro leg., conifer wood; 1 ♂, Testa d’Alpe, Valle della Serra, 4.X.2009, M. Capurro leg., mixed wood; 1 ♀, Triora, Monesi, 1100 m a.s.l., 23. VI.1980, A. & L. Briganti & G. Gardini leg. Liguria: Savona Prov. — 1 ♂, Altare, NW slope of Monte Baraccone, 500 m a.s.l., 24.X.1985, G. Gardini, S. Zoia & A. Rey leg. ( MSNG); 2 ♀, Andora, 18.XI.1973, G. Bartoli & R. Poggi leg., sieved and under bark of Pinus ; 1 ♀, near Bardineto, 22. V.1996, G. Gardini leg.; 1 ♂, Bardineto, Muschieto, 8. VI.1981, C. Torti leg.; 3 ♂, Bardineto, Muschieto, 900 m a.s.l., 14.II.1989, G. Gardini & S. Zoia leg.; 3 ♂ 4 ♀ 2 T, Bardineto, Roveirola, 750 m a.s.l., 29.III.1982, G. Gardini & R. Rizzerio leg., Ostrya carpinifolia wood; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, id., 27.XI.1984, G. Gardini & R. Rizzerio leg.; 1 ♂ 4 ♀, id., 8.X.1985, G. Gardini & R. Rizzerio leg.; 1 ♂ 2 ♀, id., 29. V.1986, G. Gardini & R. Rizzerio leg.; 1 ♀, Bardineto, Tana da Roveirola 40 Li/SV, 8. V.1981, G. Gardini & R. Rizzerio leg., sieved on entrance; 1 ♂ 5 ♀, Boissano, Monte Ravinet, 900 m a.s.l., 1. VI.1975, G. Gardini leg., beech wood; 1 ♂, id., 5. IV.1980, G. Gardini & S. Zoia leg.; 1 ♂, Boissano, Monte Ravinet, Ca’ du Fo, 1000 m a.s.l., 8.X.1983, G. Gardini & S. Zoia leg.; 1 ♂, Boissano, E slope of Monte Ravinet, 900 m a.s.l., 10.IV.1977, S. Zoia leg., beech wood; 1 ♂ 3 ♀, Cairo Montenotte, Monte San Giorgio, 28.XII.1973, G. Bartoli leg., beech wood; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, id., 650 m a.s.l., 18. I.1981, D. Antichi & S. Zoia leg., beech wood; 1 ♀, id., 840 m a.s.l., 9. VIII.1983, M.E. Franciscolo leg. ( MSNG); 1 ♀, id., Uomo Morto, 600 m a.s.l., 9. VIII.1983, M.E. Franciscolo leg. ( MSNG); 1 ♂, id., Rocca dell’Adelasia, Sorgente Rio Pisigni, 700 m a.s.l., 6.VII.1983, M.E. Franciscolo leg. ( MSNG); 1 ♂ 2 ♀, Calizzano, Colle del Melogno, 24. V.1973, G. Gardini leg.; 1 ♂, id., 1000 m a.s.l., 11. VI.1977, G. Bartoli leg., beech wood; 1 ♂, id., 19.IV.1981, L. Briganti & S. Zoia leg., beech wood; 2 ♂ 1 ♀, id., 8.X.1985, G. Gardini & R. Rizzerio leg., beech wood; 6 ♂ 7 ♀ 1 T, id., 700–1000 m a.s.l., 29. V.1986, G. Gardini & R. Rizzerio leg.; 2 ♂ 13 ♀ 2 T, Calizzano, N slope of Colle del Melogno, 820 m a.s.l., 13.II.1984, G. Gardini, R. Rizzerio & S. Zoia leg., beech wood; 1 ♂ 2 ♀ 1 T, Calizzano, Foresta del Melogno, 900 m a.s.l., 9.X.1979, S. Zoia leg., beech wood; 2 ♂ 9 ♀, near Castelbianco, 450 m a.s.l., 10.II.1980, G. Gardini leg.; 5 ♂ 10 ♀, Castelbianco, Tana do Scovero 86 Li/SV, 470 m a.s.l., 10.II.1980, A. Briganti, L. Briganti & S. Zoia leg., entrance; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, id., 8.III.1986, R. Rizzerio & S. Zoia leg.; 1 ♀, Castelvecchio di Rocca Barbena, 24.II.1986, G. Gardini & R. Rizzerio leg.; 1 ♂, Erli, 18.IV.1985, G. Gardini leg.; 2 ♂ 4 ♀, Erli, Gazzo, 500 m a.s.l., 6. VI.1980, S. Zoia, A. Torchia, R. Rizzerio & G. Gardini leg., Ostrya and Castanea wood; 2 ♂, id., 18.IV.1985, G. Gardini & G. Troiano leg.; 3 ♂ 2 ♀, Giustenice, slope of Monte Carmo di Loano, 1000 m a.s.l., 17.I.1983, S. Zoia leg.; 2 ♀, Giustenice, N slope of Monte Carmo di Loano, 880 m a.s.l., 13.II.1984, G. Gardini, R. Rizzerio & S. Zoia leg.; 3 ♀, Loano, Verzi di Loano, Torrente Nimbalto, 18. V.1975, L. Briganti & R. Poggi leg., sieved under Alnus ; 1 ♂ 1 T, Magliolo, 30.IX.1973, G. Gardini leg., beech wood; 4 ♂ 4 ♀, Magliolo, Isallo, 15.XI.1981, C. Giusto & S. Zoia leg.; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Magliolo, near Tana del Pecetto 569 Li/SV, 18. V.1981, D. Bruzzone, G. Gardini & G. Troiano leg., Ostrya carpinifolia wood; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ 1 T 2 D, Magliolo, Tana del Pecetto 569 Li/SV, 30.IX.1973, L. Briganti & G. Gardini leg., sieved on entrance; 3 ♂ 2 ♀ 1 T, id., 13. V.1979, L. Briganti & S. Zoia leg., sieved on entrance; 6 ♂ 2 ♀, id., 25.IV.1985, G. Gardini leg., sieved on entrance; 2 ♂ 5 ♀, Mallare, slope of Monte Alto, 700 m a.s.l., 21.II.1985, C. Torti & S. Zoia leg., beech wood; 1 ♂, Murialdo, Riofreddo, 580 m a.s.l., 15.XI.1981, C. Giusto & S. Zoia leg.; 2 ♂, Murialdo, Monte Camulera, 1100 m a.s.l., 17.VII.1985, G. Gardini & R. Rizzerio leg., beech wood; 3 ♂ 4 ♀, Nasino, 340 m a.s.l., 29.XII.1991, S. Zoia & L. Latella leg.; 5 ♂ 2 ♀ 3 T, Nasino, S slope of Monte Galero, 1000 m a.s.l., 5.I.1992, G. Gardini, oak wood; 3 ♂ 6 ♀, Peagna, Rio Torsero, 17.XI.1991, M. Bodon leg.; 3 ♂ 2 ♀ 1 T, Rialto, Pian dei Corsi, 900 m a.s.l., 28.II.1988, G. Gardini & S. Zoia leg., Fagus and Corylus ; 4 ♂ 1 ♀ 1 T, Segno, Rocca dei Corvi, 780 m a.s.l., 22.III.1982, G. Gardini leg., beech wood; 1 ♂ 5 ♀, id., 750 m a.s.l., 1.III.1983, S. Zoia leg.; 5 ♂ 9 ♀, id., 780 m a.s.l., 21.II.1988, G. Gardini leg.; 1 ♂ 10 ♀, Stella, Corona, 13.IV.1980, G. Gardini & S. Zoia leg.; 1 ♀, Stellanello, 18.XI.1973, R. Poggi leg.; 4 ♂ 7 ♀ 1 T, near Toirano, 7.IV.1980, G. Gardini & S. Zoia leg.; 1 ♀, Toirano, Giogo di Toirano, 800 m a.s.l., 8.IX.1983, G. Gardini, R. Rizzerio & S. Zoia leg.; 1 ♂, id., 3.IV.1986, G. Gardini & R. Rizzerio leg.; 2 ♂, Toirano, Punta Alzabecchi, 15.X.1995, G. Gardini, C. Giusto & S. Zoia leg.; 9 ♂ 14 ♀ 1 T, Toirano, Rio della Valle, 500 m a.s.l., 9.XI.1984, G. Gardini & R. Rizzerio leg., Fraxinus , Ostrya and Fagus ; 2 ♂, id., 3.IV.1986, G. Gardini, R. Rizzerio & E. Belluati leg., Ostrya carpinifolia wood; 2 ♂ 1 ♀, id., 700 m a.s.l., 6. V.1986, G. Gardini & R. Rizzerio leg.; 1 ♂ 3 ♀, Toirano, NE slope of Rocca Berleurio, 27. V.2006, L. Galli leg.; 1 ♀ 1 D, Toirano, Tana Taragnina 105 Li/SV, 25.II.1986, G. Gardini & R. Rizzerio leg., sieved on entrance; 1 ♂ 1 T 1 D, Urbe, Martina d’Olba, 480 m a.s.l., 22. VI.1981, C. Giusto leg.; 2 ♂ 1 ♀, id., 500 m a.s.l., 12.IV.1982, C. Giusto leg., beech wood; 2 ♀, id., 24. VI.2018, G. Gardini, P. Gardini & C. Giusto leg.; 1 ♂ 1 T, Urbe, Passo del Faiallo, 1000 m a.s.l., 21.X.1974, S. Zoia leg., beech wood; 1 ♂, Urbe, Rocca della Marasca, 900 m a.s.l., 12.IV.1982, C. Giusto leg., beech wood; 2 ♀, Urbe, Vara Inferiore, 700 m a.s.l., 30.IX.1992, C. Giusto leg., beech wood; 1 ♀, Varazze, Monte Beigua, 4. VI.1972, G. Gardini leg.; 1 ♂ 4 T, id., 7. VIII.1972, G. Gardini leg.; 2 ♂, id., 8.IX.1973, G. Bartoli & R. Poggi leg., beech wood; 1 ♂, Vendone, Curenna, N slope of Monte Castellermo, 800 m a.s.l., 16. V.1976, G. Gardini leg., Ostrya carpinifolia wood; 4 ♂ 2 ♀, Vendone, Curenna, 400 m a.s.l., 15.III.1982, G. Gardini & R. Rizzerio leg., chestnut wood; 2 ♂ 1 ♂, Villanova di Albenga, near airport, 95 m a.s.l., 21.XI.2015, G. Gardini, C. Giusto & A. Trotta leg., Ostrya carpinifolia wood.

Description of adults (♂ ♀). Integument pigmented, carapace, tergites, chelicerae and pedipalps uniform reddish-brown; weak hispid granulation on lateral surfaces of carapace, on cheliceral palm, on base of fixed chelal finger and on dorso-distal surface of chelal hand. Carapace ( Fig. 145 ) 0.80–0.90 times longer than broad, trapezoidal, constricted posteriorly; anterior margin between median macrosetae with a widely prominent epistome in both sexes ( Figs 143–144 ); ocular area as in fig. 145, anterior bulging eyes with a hemispherical lens (diameter 0.045 –0.055 mm), posterior eyes with flat lens, all eyes with a tapetum; distance from anterior eyes to anterior margin of carapace 0.025 –0.030 mm; chaetotaxy 4:6:4:2:2(18), macrosetae mainly long and fine; length of anteromedian macrosetae 0.12–0.15 mm (teratological macroseta: fig. 145). Chaetotaxy of tergites 4:4:4:4:6:6:6:6:1T2T1:4:1T2T1:0. Chaetotaxy of sternites 10:(2–3)7–11(2–3):(2)7–10(2):6–8:6:6:6:6:2T1T2:0:2; genital opening of males flanked by 6–9 setae on each side. Chelicerae ( Fig. 146 ) 1.9–2.1 (♂ ♀) times as long as broad, palm with 6 setae and 1 (rarely 2) lateral microseta; fixed finger with 6–9 teeth, of which the distal two larger; movable finger with an isolated subapical tooth (di) at level with the spinneret, a large distal tooth and 5–7 teeth proximally reduced in size; base of both cheliceral fingers with 3–5 microtubercles; gs ratio 0.55–0.64; spinneret weakly raised in males, large and apically rounded in females ( Figs 146–147 ); rallum with 11 (12 in ♂ from Grezzana) blades; serrulae interior and exterior with 13–14 and 14–15 blades respectively. Coxal setae: pedipalp 5 (including 2 on manducatory process), I 3 + 3 marginal microsetae, II 4, III 5, IV 6; coxa II with 4–9 (mainly 7–8) coxal spines, coxa III with 2–5 (mainly 3–4) coxal spines; intercoxal tubercle bisetose. Pedipalp: femur 4.35–4.9 (♂) or 4.2–5.0 (♀) times as long as broad, femoral chaetotaxy 3:5–6:2:5:1; chela ( Figs 150, 154 ) 4.9–5.65 (♂) or 4.5–5.3 (♀) times as long as deep; hand of chela 1.65–1.95 (♂) or 1.65–1.75 (♀) times as long as deep, ovoid in dorsal view ( Figs 148–149 ); fixed chelal finger with 49–61 contiguous teeth slightly inclined backwards, all cuspidate except for the proximal third of the finger, where they are apically rounded ( Figs 151–153, 155–157 ); all teeth with dental canal; base of fixed chelal finger with 2–3 microtubercles; fixed finger at level of est-it with 8–11 teeth occupying 0.1 mm, distance between successive apices 0.008 –0.009 mm; tip of fixed chelal finger with apical sensilla af 1- 2, distal paraxial seta gradually curved and thin; movable chelal finger with 37–49 contiguous teeth, cuspidate and reclined in the distal half of the finger, apically rounded in the proximal half of the finger and increasingly reduced towards finger base, reaching back near b, all teeth with dental canal ( Figs 151–153, 155–157 ); movable finger at level of st-t with 8–11 teeth occupying 0.1 mm, distance between successive apices 0.009 –0.010 mm; coupled sensilla pc at level of sb (rarely just proximal sb) or just distad of sb; tip of movable chelal finger with apical sensilla am 1- 2; trichobothria as in figs 150, 154; ratio sb - st/sb -b = 1.7–1.9 [1.4–1.9 in ♀ ( Callaini, 1986a)]; ratio of movable finger/hand of chela 1.8–2.2 (♂) or 1.85–2.05 (♀); ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 0.95–1.05 (♂ ♀); ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.15–1.3 (♂ ♀).

Measurements (in mm). Body length 1.3–1.7 (♂ ♀). Carapace 0.40–0.47 × 0.47–0.54 (0.42–0.49 anteriorly) (♂) or 0.44–0.55 × 0.53–0.63 (0.48–0.58 anteriorly) (♀). Chelicerae 0.39–0.475 × 0.20–0.23 (♂) or 0.455–0.55 × 0.23–0.28 (♀); movable finger length 0.20–0.24 (♂) or 0.24–0.29 (♀). Pedipalp: femur 0.49–0.585 × 0.105–0.12 (♂) or 0.535–0.65 × 0.12–0.145 (♀); chela 0.71–0.87 × 0.14–0.16 (♂) or 0.82–0.98 × 0.155–0.20 (♀); hand length 0.24–0.295 (♂) or 0.27–0.35 (♀); movable finger length 0.48–0.59 (♂) or 0.54–0.65 (♀).

Description of tritonymph. Integument with weak pigmentation, hispid granulation less marked than in adults. Carapace 0.85–0.95 times longer than broad, form of anterior margin and eyes as in adults; diameter of anterior eyes 0.035 –0.040 mm; chaetotaxy 4:6:4:2:2(18). Chaetotaxy of tergites as in adults. Chaetotaxy of sternites II–VIII 6:(1)8(1):(1)6(1):6:6:6:6. Chelicerae 1.95–2.0 times as long as broad, palm with 5 setae and 1 lateral microseta; fixed finger with 5–6 teeth, proximally reduced in size, and a few proximal microtubercles; movable finger with an isolated subapical tooth (di) and 5–6 teeth; gs ratio 0.58–0.59; spinneret prominent and apically rounded as in females. Coxal setae: pedipalp 5 (including 2 on manducatory process), I 3 + 2 marginal microsetae, II 4, III 5, IV 4or5; coxa II with 4–6 coxal spines, coxa III with 2–4 coxal spines; intercoxal tubercle bisetose. Pedipalp: femur 3.9–4.35 times as long as broad, femoral chaetotaxy 3:5:2:4:1; chela 4.8–4.95 times as long as deep; hand of chela 1.65–1.75 times as long as deep; fixed chelal finger with 43–45 contiguous teeth, all with dental canal; movable chelal finger with 30–38 teeth, reduced in size towards finger base, reaching back near b; coupled sensilla pc nearer to b than to st; ratio of movable finger/hand of chela 1.8–2.0; ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 0.95–1.0; ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.05–1.1.

Measurements (in mm). Body length 1.0–1.1. Carapace 0.33–0.35 × 0.35–0.40 (0.33–0.37 anteriorly). Chelicerae 0.31–0.34 × 0.16–0.17, movable finger length 0.155 –0.175. Pedipalp: femur 0.35–0.37 × 0.08–0.095; chela 0.54–0.58 × 0.11–0.12; hand length 0.19–0.20; movable finger length 0.35–0.39.

Remarks. Among the species of the Chthonius ischnocheles group, C. guglielmii is morphologically similar to the epigean C. pygmaeus , known from Venezia Giulia to Lombardy, and to C. ilvensis from Corse and mainland Italy (Liguria to Campania). It differs from C. pygmaeus in the following characters: chelal teeth low, cuspidate and slightly reclined, with sinuous distal side ( Figs 150–157 ) [chelal teeth acuminate, cuspidate and slightly reclined, mainly with convex distal side ( Figs 365–372 ) in C. pygmaeus ], fixed and movable chelal fingers (♂ ♀) with 49–61 and 37–49 teeth respectively (with 31–52 and 26–38 teeth, respectively, in C. pygmaeus ), palpal hand no darker than fingers and ovoid in dorsal view ( Figs 148–149 ) (palpal hand brown, mainly darker than fingers, and slightly conical in dorsal view ( Figs 363–364 ) in C. pygmaeus ).

Chthonius guglielmii differs from C. ilvensis in the following characters: setae of the carapace long and fine, the anterior ones 0.12–0.15 mm long (setae of the carapace thick, the anterior ones 0.09–0.11 mm long in C. ilvensis ); anterior margin of carapace with 4 macrosetae, without preocular microsetae (with 1 or 2 preocular microsetae on each side in C. ilvensis ); chelicerae mainly with 1 lateral microseta (mainly with 2 lateral microsetae in C. ilvensis ); chela length 0.71–0.98 mm (0.56–0.77 mm in C. ilvensis ); movable finger length 0.48–0.65 mm (0.38–0.50 mm in C. ilvensis ); fixed finger at level of est-it with 8–11 teeth occupying 0.1 mm (with 11–14 teeth occupying 0.1 mm in C. ilvensis ); ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.15–1.3 (0.95–1.15 in C. ilvensis ); male genital opening flanked by aligned setae (by partly scattered setae in C. ilvensis ).

The above description of Chthonius guglielmi partially incorporates the data provided by Callaini (1986a). The species is newly recorded here from mainland France.

Figures

FIGURES 143–149. Chthonius guglielmii Callaini, 1986, Vajo del Paradiso (Grezzana, Verona). 143, male, anterior margin of carapace with teratologic median seta; 144, female, anterior margin of carapace; 145, male, carapace with teratologic median seta; 146, male, right chelicera; 147, female, movable finger of right chelicera; 148, male, right chelal hand, dorsal view; 149, female, id.

FIGURES 150–157. Chthonius guglielmii Callaini, 1986, Vajo del Paradiso (Grezzana, Verona). 150, male, right chela, antiax- ial view; 151, male, detail of fingers at the chelal tip, antiaxial view; 152, male, detail of fingers at level of trichobothria est-it and st-t, antiaxial view; 153, male, detail of fingers at level of trichobothrium sb, antiaxial view; 154, female, right chela, antiaxial view; 155, female, detail of fingers at the chelal tip, antiaxial view; 156, female, detail of fingers at level of trichobothria est-it and st-t, antiaxial view; 157, female, detail of fingers at level of trichobothrium sb, antiaxial view.

FIGURES 402–405. Distribution maps for the Italian species of the Chthonius ischnocheles group. 402, Chthonius agazzii Beier, 1966 and Chthonius comottii Inzaghi, 1987; 403, Chthonius alpicola Beier, 1951; 404, Chthonius carinthiacus Beier, 1951; 405, Chthonius guglielmii Callaini, 1986 and Chthonius ilvensis Beier, 1963.

FIGURES 365–372. Chthonius pygmaeus Beier, 1934, near Passo di Tanamea, 6.X.1997 (Lusevera, Udine). 365, male, right chela, antiaxial view; 366, male, detail of fingers at the chelal tip, antiaxial view; 367, male, detail of fingers at level of trichobothria est-it and st-t, antiaxial view; 368, male, detail of fingers at level of trichobothrium sb, antiaxial view; 369, female, right chela, antiaxial view; 370, female, detail of fingers at the chelal tip, antiaxial view; 371, female, detail of fingers at level of trichobothria est-it and st-t, antiaxial view; 372, female, detail of fingers at level of trichobothrium sb, antiaxial view.

FIGURES 358–364. Chthonius pygmaeus Beier, 1934, near Passo di Tanamea, 6.X.1997 (Lusevera, Udine). 358, male, anterior margin of carapace; 359, female, id.; 360, male, carapace; 361, male, right chelicera; 362, female, movable finger of right chelicera; 363, male, right chelal hand, dorsal view; 364, female, id.