Gleichenella pectinata (Willd.) Ching (1940: 276)

Lima, Lucas Vieira & Salino, Alexandre, 2018, The fern family Gleicheniaceae (Polypodiopsida) in Brazil, Phytotaxa 358 (3), pp. 199-234 : 209-210

2.1. Gleichenella pectinata (Willd.) Ching (1940: 276) . Figs. 1R–U , 2E , 3D . 12E .

Mertensia pectinata Willdenow (1804: 168) . Gleichenia pectinata (Willd.) Presl (1825: 71) . Dicranopteris pectinata (Willd.) Underwood (1907: 260) . Acropterigyum pectinatum (Willd.) Nakai (1950: 6) . Type:— VENEZUELA. Distrito Federal. Caracas, Bredemeyer s.n. (holotype B [B-W 19465] photo!).

Mertensia glaucescens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willdenow (1810: 72) . Gleichenia glaucescens (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Kunth (1815: 29) . Type:— VENEZUELA. Santa Cruz, Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (lectotype designated here, B [B-W 19464] photo!, isolectotype HAL [HAL0137760] photo!).

Mertensia glaucescens var. mexicana Fée (1866: 121) . Type:— MEXICO. Veracruz, “Sabannes de Mirador,” 1840, Galeotti 6402 pro parte (lectotype designated here, P [P00633258] photo!, isolectype BR [BR0000006869854] photos!).

Mertensia canescens Kaulfuss (1824: 38) . Type:— BRAZIL. (holotype E [E00385974] photo!).

Mertensia elata Desvaux (1827: 201) . Type:— JAMAICA. (holotype P [P00633259] photo!).

Mertensia brasiliana Desvaux (1811: 329) . Type:— BRAZIL. (holotype P [P00633246]!).

Plants terrestrial. Rhizomes 3.5–4.3 mm thick, with reddish-brown hairs, glabrescent. Fronds scrambling, 1–4-forked, ultimate branches 10.2–22.5 × 1.8–2.8 cm, linear-lanceolate, apex pinnatifid, base attenuate, ultimate segments linear 1–1.5 × 0.35–0.45 cm, margins planate to slightly revolute, abaxial surface green or pruinose, with reddish stellate. Buds covered with reddish hairs, pseudoestipule present, at least on the first branches, accessory branches absent. Veins 1–2-forked. Sori inframedial, without paraphyses.

Distribution and habitat: — Brazil (Acre, Alagoas, Amazonas, Amapá, Bahia, Ceará, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso, Pará, Pernambuco, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Roraima, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo and Tocantins), Antilles, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guayana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad y Tobago and Venezuela. In Brazil this species occurs along roads and trails, and forest edges in all phytogeographic domains at 100–1800 m.

Notes: — Gleichenella pectinata is a very distinct species among the Gleicheniaceae . It is readily recognized by the anisotomic branches, absence of accessory branches, and the branched hairs on the abaxial surfaces of the segments.

In the original description of Mertensia glaucescens, Willdenow cited as type material a collection of Humboldt & Bonpland without number, and despite of Willdenow’s initial at the end of type citation, it seems that this may not be a reference to his herbarium, because his initial is at the end of every paragraph. We found two specimens labelled as M. glaucescens at B and HAL with original Willdenow labels, both corresponding to G. pectinate . The label of the B specimen has the collection number of Humboldt and Bonpland “470”, but this may be a mistake, because in Willdenow’s herbarium there is another Humboldt and Bonpland exsiccate assigned to this number which corresponds to Sticherus bifidus . The specimen at HAL does not have a collection number, which fits with the protologue. Thus, we chose the HAL specimen as lectotype, due to the uncertain numeration of the B specimen. Furthermore, the HAL specimen is in better condition.

In the original description of Mertensia glaucescens var. mexicana, Fée cited a collection of Galeotti number 6402 from Mexico. We found three specimens under this number, two in P and one in BR. A specimen of P is chosen as lectotype, because the label information matches the protologue and it is the most complete specimen of Galeotti’s original material. The other specimen at P is not a type of this species, since it is D. flexuosa . In addition, the label of that sheet is different from the others. There is a note “bis” in front of the number of collection, and the date is 1842, while in the others, the date is 1840. It may be a mixed collection or a mistaken attribution to the original material of Galeotti.

Selected specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Acre: Cruzeiro do Sul, Serra da Moa, 19 April 1971, Prance 12119 (INPA). Alagoas: Murici , Estação Ecológica de Murici , 9°11’05.0”S, 35°55’12.0”W, 350 m, 06 May 2009, Pereira , A.F. N. 1081 (UFP). Amapá: Tartarugalzinho, Cachoeira duas bocas, 01°25’37.9”N, 50°52’49.6”W, 17 November 2005, Pietrobom 6237 (HBRA). Amazonas: Cucuí, Alto Rio Negro , margem esquerda do rio, 04 May 1975, Cavalcante 3119 (INPA) ; Manaus, Reserva Florestal Adolfo Ducke, Estrada de acesso entre alojamento e estação meteorológica, 02°53’S, 59°58’W, 14 May 1996, Costa 516 (INPA) ; Presidente Figueiredo, Estrada de Balbina, margem da estrada de acesso a Balbina , 26 January 1998, Freitas 610 (INPA) ; São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Rio Negro, São Gabriel da Cachoeira , margem do Rio Negro , Serra , 12 November 1997, Freitas de 588 (INPA) ; Tefé, 27 July 1972, Krieger s.n. (CESJ 12345). Bahia: Ibicoara , Chapada Diamantina , Fazenda Ribeirão da Serra , margem do Rio Sincor , ca. de 2 Km a nordeste da sede, 13°24’S, 41°17’W, 900 m, 09 March 1999, Passos Júnior et al. 234 (ALCB) ; Picadão , área da Aracruz Celulose, 23 August 1993, Guedes 2966 (ALCB) ; Prado, próximo à mata da Angélica, estrada Prado-Cumuruxatiba , 17°16’S, 39°11’W, 19 October 1997, Fonseca 936 (ALCB) ; Santa Cruz Cabrália , 16°23’S 39°08’W, 16 May 1994, Guedes 3106 (ALCB) ; Santa Terezinha, Serra da Jibóia, próximo a torre da Telebahia, 21 October 1995, Melo 1339 (HUEFS). Ceará: Guaramiranga , Sítio Mucunã , 07 February 1991, Paula-Zárate 14 (EAC). Distrito Federal : Brasília , Parque Municipal do Gama , 16°01’48”S, 48°03’00”W, 1150 m, 10 November 1965, Irwin 10135 (NY). Espírito Santo: Cariacica, Reserva Biológica de Duas Bocas , Floresta Ombrófila Densa, 20°18’13.9”S, 40°29’13.4”W, 425 m, 12 June 2010, Salino 14902 (BHCB) ; Castelo, Parque Estadual Forno Grande , 1130 m, 25 June 2008, Salino 13543 (BHCB) ; Divino de São Lourenço, Parque Nacional do Caparaó, RPPN Águas do Caparaó-Cachoeira Alta , ao longo do córrego do Veadinho , 20°35’49.2”S, 41°46’52.5”W, 1000 m, Salino 13833 (BHCB) ; Linhares, 19°09’07.2”S, 39°55’47.9”W, 60 m, 09 February 2007, Almeida 674 (BHCB), Santa Teresa, Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi, Trilha da Cachoeira, 19°55’14.1”S 40°33’37.3”W, 800 m, 02 December 2008, Salino 14013 (BHCB). Mato Grosso: Itiquira, Limite com Pedra Preta, estrada do Mineirinho, a ca. de 16 Km de Itiquira , Ribeirão Ponte de Pedra , junto a cachoeira, 17°04’48.0”S, 54°15’00.0”W, 600 m, 17 June 1991, Windisch, 6269 (NY) ; Nova Xavantina , Rio das Mortes próximo a ilha 23, 07 September 2005, Machado 14 (HBRA) ; Novo Mundo, Parque Estadual do Cristalino, beira do rio Cristalino , 224 m, 01 June 2007, Henicka 65 (INPA). Minas Gerais: Açucena , Margens do rio Corrente Grande , 18°58’52.9”S, 42°33’48.8”W, 529 m, 24 November 2009, Almeida 2107 (BHCB) ; Alvorada de Minas , 18°47’02.4”S, 43°25’12.5”W, 17 November 2007, Almeida 1274 (BHCB) ; Catas Altas, Parque Natural do Caraça. Gruta da Bocaína , 20°07’35.7”S, 43°27’48.0”W, 28 October 2009, Salino 8080 (BHCB) ; Juiz de Fora, Campus UFJF, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas , 21°46’31.8”S, 43°22’16.4”W, 875 m, 05 September 2014, Lima 62 (CESJ) ; Passa-Vinte , 22°09’54.0”S, 44°14’22.3”W, 806 m, 14 February 2009, Almeida . 1799 (BHCB) ; Pará: Marabá, Floresta Nacional de Carajás , estrada para a Serra , 21 February 2010, Almeida 2276 (BHCB) ; Rurópolis, Floresta Nacional do Tapajós, trilha que leva a Ri , na altura do km 193 da BR-163 ( Rodovia Cuiabá-Santarém ), 03°56’17.0”S 54°52’06.9”W, 116 m, 02 April 2016, Almeida 4278 (HSTM). Paraná: Antonina , Rio Catatu , 09 December 1998, Cervi 6581 (UPCB) ; Caiobá, Serra da Prata , 20 June 1961, Braga , R. 1638 (UPCB) ; Guaratuba , 07 December 1971, Krieger s.n. (BHCB 123053) ; Paranaguá, Ilha do Mel, Estação Ecológica , Morro da Baleia , c.a. 120 m, 25 September 2004, Schwartsburd 342 (UPCB) ; Ponta Grossa, s.d., 21 December 1971, Krieger s.n. (CESJ 113412A). Pernambuco: Bonito, Mata da Colônia , 19 June 1998, Barros 8 (PEUFR) ; Lagoa do Gatos, RPPN Pedra D’Antas, 13 July 2012, Farias 88 (UFP). Rio de Janeiro: Guapimirim , Estação Ecológica Estadual de Paraíso , estrada entre o CPRJ e a represa, 20 November 1991, Sylvestre. 647 (RB) ; Cachoeira de Macacu , 22º27’52”S, 42º45’48”W, 38 m, Baber 398 (RB), Silva Jardim, Reserva Biológica de Poço das Antas. Trilha Rodolfo Norte , primeira trilha à esquerda após a porteira, 05 March 1998, Sylvestre 1338 (RB) ; Rio de Janeiro, Parque Nacional da Tijuca ; Estrada da Vista Chinesa. Parque Nacional da Tijuca , 22º58’23”S, 43º15’04”W, 4 m, 25 April 2013, Bicalho 16 (RB) ; Mangaratiba, RPPN Rio das Pedras. Trilha do Mirante, 26 August 1998, Santos 1066 (RB). Rio Grande do Sul: Cristal , Museu Bento Gonçalves , 30°59’18.0”S, 52°00’45.0”W, 39 m, 23 May 2014, Gonzatti 1239 (FURB) ; Palmares do Sul, Horto Municipal, 30°11’33.0”S, 50°20’54.0”W, 10 m, 27 May 2012, Gonzatti 505 (FURB). Rondônia: Porto Velho, Parque Nacional Mapinguari, aprox. 40 km à margem esquerda do Rio Madeira , 09°24’05.5”S, 65°01’08.8”W, 134 m, 29 July 2014, Giacomin 2178 (INPA). Roraima: Amajari, Ilha de Maracá , 3°20’00.0”N, 62°58’00.0”W, 24 May 1987, Milliken 277 (INPA). Santa Catarina: Blumenau, Campus FURB, 26°54’19.8”S, 49°04’44.9”W, 02 December 2006, Luz da s.n. (FURB 5710) ; Florianópolis, Cachoeira do Sertão, Trindade , Ilha de Santa Catarina, 60 m, 09 September 1983, Falkenberg & Souza . 744 (FURB) ; Jaraguá do Sul, Garibaldi , 26°33’08.0”S, 49°10’33.4”W, 180 m, 26 January 2010, Dreveck & Carneiro 1606 (FURB) ; Paulo Lopes, Sertão do Campo / Parque Estadual da Serra do Tabuleiro , 27°53’36”S, 48°45’21”W, 295 m, 10 June 2010, Verdi et al. 4933 (FURB) ; Santo Amaro da Imperatriz, Cova da Onça , 27°37’44”S, 48°46’51”W, 236 m, 31 May 2010, Stival-Santos 2894 (FURB). São Paulo: Caraguatatuba, s.d., Salino 5295 (BHCB) ; Iguape, Estação Ecológica Juréia-Itatins, Serra da Juréia , trilha para o campo do alto do morro próx. ao alojamento, 16 July 1990, Prado et al. 356 (UPCB) ; Jundiaí, Serra do Japi , na estrada para a torre da TV Cultura, 23°09’00”S, 46°34’12”W, 1120 m, 16 October 2009, Hirai et al. 659 (UEC) ; São Luís do Paraitinga, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Núcleo Santa Virginia , 950 m, 04 March 2001, Salino 6141 (BHCB) ; Sete Barras, Parque Estadual Carlos Botello, Núcleo de Sete Barras , Estrada Sete Barras- São Miguel Arcanjo , 28 November 2002, Dittrich 1244 (BHCB). Tocantins: Almas , Fazenda Minnehaha- Arredores da Antiga Sede. ca. 70 km a nordeste da cidade de Almas, 11°08’18.0”S 47°07’20.0”W, 415m, 12 August 2004, Walter 5309 (UFP) .

Figures

FIGURE 1. A–D. Dicranopteris flexuosa (Dittrich 2012, CESJ). A. Detail of the abaxial segment surface. B. Detail of the abaxial segment surface showing the globose glandular hairs on the secondary veins. C. Rhizome hairs. D. Bud hairs. E–H. Dicranopteris nervosa (Salino 6470, BHCB). E. Detail of the abaxial segment surface. F. Rhizome hairs. G. Bud hairs. H. Hairs of the abaxial segment surface. I–M. Dicranopteris rufinervis (Viveros 26, BHCB). I. Detail of the abaxial segment surface. J. Detail of the abaxial segment surface showing bacilliform glandular hairs on the secondary veins. K. Rhizome hairs. L. Bud hairs. M. Hairs of the abaxial midrib surface. N–Q. Dicranopteris seminuda (Rodriguez 3406, COL). N. Detail of the abaxial segment surface. O. Rhizome hairs. P. Bud hairs. Q. Hairs of the abaxial segment surface. R–U. Gleichenella pectinata (Gonzatti 1913, CESJ). R. Detail of the abaxial segment surface. S. Rhizome hairs. T. Bud hairs. U. Hairs of the abaxial segment surface.

FIGURE 2. Habit. A. Dicranopteris rufinervis. B. D. flexuosa. C. D. nervosa. D. D. seminuda. E. Gleichenella pectinata.

FIGURE 3. Distribution of five taxa of Gleicheniaceae in Brazil. A. Dicranopteris flexuosa. B. D. nervosa and D. seminuda. C. D. rufinervis. D. Gleichenella pectinata.

FIGURE 12. A–B. D. flexuosa (Almeida 302). A. Globose glandular hairs on the secondary veins of the segments. Scale bar 100 μm. B. Detail of a colapsed glandular hair, due to the herborization processes. Scale bar 25 μm. C–D. D. rufinervis. (Viveros 26) C. Baciliform glandular hairs on the secondary veins of the segments. Scale bar 150 μm. D. Detail of the glandular hair. Scale bar 50 μm. E. Spores of G. pectinata. F. Spores of S. salinoi. G. Spores of D. flexuosa. Scale bar 10 μm.