Pterolobium R. Br. ex Wight & Arn., Prodr: 283. 1834

Bruneau, Anne, de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Ringelberg, Jens J., Borges, Leonardo M., Bortoluzzi, Roseli Lopes da Costa, Brown, Gillian K., Cardoso, Domingos B. O. S., Clark, Ruth P., Conceicao, Adilva de Souza, Cota, Matheus Martins Teixeira, Demeulenaere, Else, de Stefano, Rodrigo Duno, Ebinger, John E., Ferm, Julia, Fonseca-Cortes, Andres, Gagnon, Edeline, Grether, Rosaura, Guerra, Ethiene, Haston, Elspeth, Herendeen, Patrick S., Hernandez, Hector M., Hopkins, Helen C. F., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, Hughes, Colin E., Ickert-Bond, Stefanie M., Iganci, Joao, Koenen, Erik J. M., Lewis, Gwilym P., de Lima, Haroldo Cavalcante, de Lima, Alexandre Gibau, Luckow, Melissa, Marazzi, Brigitte, Maslin, Bruce R., Morales, Matias, Morim, Marli Pires, Murphy, Daniel J., O'Donnell, Shawn A., Oliveira, Filipe Gomes, Oliveira, Ana Carla da Silva, Rando, Juliana Gastaldello, Ribeiro, Petala Gomes, Ribeiro, Carolina Lima, Santos, Felipe da Silva, Seigler, David S., da Silva, Guilherme Sousa, Simon, Marcelo F., Soares, Marcos Vinicius Batista & Terra, Vanessa, 2024, Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae. Part 2: Higher-level classification, PhytoKeys 240, pp. 1-552 : 1

Pterolobium R. Br. ex Wight & Arn., Prodr: 283. 1834 nom. cons.

Figs 35 , 37 , 63

Cantuffa J.F. Gmel., Syst. Nat., ed 13[bis]. 2(1): 677. 1791, nom. rej. vs. Pterolobium R. Br. ex Wight & Arn. Type: Cantuffa exosa J.F. Gmel. [≡ Pterolobium exosum (J.F. Gmel.) Baker f. (= Pterolobium stellatum (Forssk.) Brenan)]

Reichardia Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp.: 210. 1821, nom. illeg., non Roth, Bot. Abh. Beobacht. 35. 1787, nec Roth, Catal. Bot. 2: 64. 1800. Lectotype: Reichardia hexapetala Roth [≡ Pterolobium hexapetalum (Roth) Santapau & Wagh]

Type.

Pterolobium lacerans R. Br. ex Wight & Arn., nom. illeg. [ Pterolobium exosum (J.F. Gmel.) Baker f. [≡ Cantuffa exosa J.F. Gmel. (= Pterolobium stellatum (Forssk.) Brenan)]

Description.

Lianas or scrambling / trailing shrubs, armed with prickles. Stipules small, inconspicuous, subulate to triangular-subulate, caducous. Leaves bipinnate; pinnae in 5-20 opposite pairs; leaflets in 6-25 opposite pairs per pinna. Inflorescence a terminal or axillary raceme, often aggregated into panicles. Flowers bisexual, sub-actinomorphic to zygomorphic; hypanthium persisting as a minute cup or ridge at the pedicel apex as the fruit matures; sepals 5, caducous, the lower sepal cucullate, covering the other 4 sepals in bud; petals 5, free, yellow to white, equal to slightly differentiated, the median petal sometimes in-rolled; stamens 10, free, filaments pubescent (occasionally glabrous); ovary pubescent. Fruit a red to brown samara, 1 (2)-seeded. Seeds ovate-oblong, sub-compressed.

Chromosome number.

2 n = 24 ( P. stellatum ) ( Rice et al. 2015).

Included species and geographic distribution.

Ten species; one in southern tropical Africa, East Africa, and Arabia, nine in South East Asia (Fig. 63 ).

Ecology.

Seasonally dry tropical upland evergreen forests, riverine and humid forests, woodlands, and wooded grasslands.

Etymology.

From Greek, ptero - (= wing) and lobion (= fruit), in reference to the fruit which resembles a samara.

Human uses.

The leaves of P. stellatum are used in parts of Africa as a leather dye, for ink and as medicine; plants are grown as living fences ( Lewis 2005b).

Notes.

Vidal and Hul Thol (1974) published a revision of Pterolobium , with a key to species.

Taxonomic references.

Brenan (1967); Chen et al. (2010b); Gagnon et al. (2016); Hou (1996c); Hul Thol and Hideux (1977); Lewis (2005b); Roti-Michelozzi (1957); Vidal and Hul Thol (1974, 1976).

Figures

Figure 35. Flowers of Caesalpinieae A Tara spinosa Britton & Rose, Peru, Ancash (Hughes et al. 3043) B Cenostigma pluviosum (DC.) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis var. pluviosum, Bolivia, Santa Cruz (Wood et al. 26552) C Caesalpinia bahamensis Lam., Cuba (Lewis 1853) D Hultholia mimosoides (Lam.) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, India E Pomaria burchellii (DC.) B. B. Simpson & G. P. Lewis, Botswana Ghanzi district F Erythrostemon coccineus (G. P. Lewis & J. L. Contr.) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Mexico, Oaxaca (Lewis et al. 1802) G Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw., Honduras H Erythrostemon melanadenius (Rose) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Mexico, Oaxaca (Hughes et al. 2091) I Pterolobium stellatum (Forssk.) Brenan, Africa J Guilandina bonduc L., India K Gelrebia trothaei (Harms) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Tanzania. Photo credits A E Gagnon B, F-H CE Hughes C GP Lewis D VR Vinayaraj, India Biodiversity Portal (https: // indiabiodiversity. org / group / wild _ orchids _ of _ india / observation / show / 335155), the basionym of Hultholia mimosoides E O Bourquin, Flora of Zimbabwe (https: // www. zimbabweflora. co. zw / speciesdata / image-display. php? species _ id = 127200 & image _ id = 6) I P Van Wyk J M Sanjappa K PJ Cribb.

Figure 37. Fruits of the Caesalpinieae A Gelrebia rubra (Engl.) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, Namibia B Moullava spicata (Dalzell ex Wight) Nicolson, India, Maharashtra C Hultholia mimosoides (Lam.) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis, India D Guilandina bonduc L., Madagascar E Pterolobium stellatum (Forssk.) Brenan, Zimbabwe F Ticanto sinensis (Hemsley) R. Clark & Gagnon, China (Clark 415) G Biancaea decapetala (Roth) O. Deg., Peru, Ancash (Hughes et al. 2227) H Mezoneuron kauaiense (H. Mann) Hillebr. I Mezoneuron andamanicum Prain, Thailand (Clark 251). Photo credits A Dave U, iNaturalist (https: // www. inaturalist. org / photos / 41085094) B P Awale, Flowers of India (http: // www. flowersofindia. net /) C VR Vinayaraj, India Biodiversity Portal (https: // indiabiodiversity. org / observation / show / 335158), the basionym of Hultholia mimosoides D GP Lewis E BT Wursten, Flora of Zimbabwe (https: // www. zimbabweflora. co. zw / speciesdata / image-display. php? species _ id = 127190 & image _ id = 1) F, I P Suksathan G CE Hughes H D Eickhoff, https: // www. flickr. com / photos / dweickhoff / 4822012867 / in / photostream /.

Figure 63. Distribution of Pterolobium based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data.