Negaresh, Ranjbar & Negaresh, 2013

Ranjbar, Massoud & Negaresh, Kazem, 2013, A revision of Centaurea sect. Phaeopappus (Asteraceae, Cardueae), Phytotaxa 123 (1), pp. 1-40 : 27

12. Centaurea phaeopappa (DC.) Schultz Bipontinus (1847: 326) . Fig. 13 .

Basionym: Amberboa phaeopappa Candolle (1838: 560) . Phaeopappus szowitsii Boissier (1845: 123) . Phaeopappus leuzeoides Boiss. var. szowitsii (Boiss.) Boissier (1875: 597) . Phaeopappus aucheri (DC.) Heimerl var. szowitsii (Boiss.) Bornmüller (1906: 166) . Tomanthea phaeopappa (DC.) Takht. ex Czerepanov (1960: 477) . Centaurea aucheri (DC.) Wagenitz var. szowitsii (Boiss.) Wagenitz (1963: 180) . Centaurea aucheri subsp. szowitsii (Boiss.) Wagenitz (1980: 359) . Type: NW IRAN. Prov. Azerbaijan, Khoy, in montibus Seidtajedin, Szowits s.n. (holotype G- DC!, isotype K!, photo BASU!).

Phaeopappus scleroblepharus Freyn (1901: 271) . Phaeopappus aucheri (DC.) Heimerl var. szowitsii (Boiss.) Bornm. f. scleroblepharus (Freyn) Bornmüller (1910: 142) . Type: ARMENIA. In agris near Wan, 2200 m, 15 June 1899, Kronenbury 45 (lectotype G!, designated by Wagenitz 1963: 180, isolectotype G!: two sheets, JE!, photo BASU!).

Perennial with woody rhizome, 25–45 cm tall; collum covered with abundant brown fibrous remains of petioles of previous year. Stem erect, often branched above, sometimes branched in median to upper parts, cylindrical, rigid, 2–6 mm in diam. at the base, densely floccose-tomentose. Leaves almost pinnatisect or pinnatipartite, densely floccose-tomentose. Basal and lower leaves distinctly large, 20–25 cm long, with a long-petiolate (up to 12 cm long), pinnatipartite to pinnatisect, segments in (6–)10–16 pairs, narrowly lanceolate or lanceolate-linear or narrowly elliptic, 2–5 mm wide, sometimes falcate-curvate, acuminate at apex. Median cauline leaves petiolate or sessile, 7–18 cm long, pinnatisect, segments in 7–10 pairs, lanceolate-linear or linear, 1.5–3 mm wide, acuminate at apex. Upper cauline leaves sessile, smaller, 2–12 cm long, pinnatisect to pinnatifid, segments in 2–4 pairs, linear or linear-lanceolate, 1–2.5 mm wide, sometimes undivided, acuminate or elongated into a mucro, usually shorter than capitula. Capitula 2–6 on peduncles 7– 10 mm long or sessile, solitary at end of branches; involucres oblong, 20–25 × 20–25 mm. Phyllaries multiseriate, imbricate, coriaceous, greenish, smooth and glabrous. Outer phyllaries ovate-oblong, 4–6 × 5–7 mm; appendages 7–13 × 6–13 mm (cilia and spine included). Median phyllaries oblong, 7–13 × 5–10 mm; appendages 12–20 × 10–15 mm (cilia and spine included). Inner phyllaries oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 11– 20 × 4–9 mm, sometimes striate; appendages 6–9 × 6–10 mm (cilia and spine included). Appendages concealing a major part of phyllaries, triangular or long-triangular, membranous-coriaceous, brown or dark brown in central part or completely brown, sometimes shortly decurrent on crenate margins, innermost lacerate; cilia whitish or brownish, narrowly triangular, distinct, sometimes subreflexed, numerous, 5–20 on each side, 1–5 mm long; spine sometimes slender, brownish, 4–11 mm long, much longer than the nearest cilia. Flowers yellow; central florets hermaphrodite, 28–33 mm long, corolla 11–14 mm long, 5-lobed, lobes acute and ± equal, ca. 6 mm long; peripheral florets sterile, finely dissected, not radiant, 4-lobed, limb lobes linear, 4–5 mm long. Achenes oblong, 7–8 mm long, 2.5–3 mm wide, brown, glabrous, smooth or striatecostate, compressed; hilum lateral, 0.8–1 mm long, glabrous, whitish. Pappus multiseriate, persistent, scabrous, brownish or purplish, 15–16 mm long.

Nomenclatural note: —The oldest species name available in Centaurea must be used again (for details see Wagenitz 1963: 196).

Taxonomic and distributional remarks: — Centaurea phaeopappa is widely distributed in W and NW to N Iran ( Fig. 2 ), and also in E Turkey and S Transcaucasia. Its distribution is wider in comparison to the other species of C. sect. Phaeopappus . Centaurea phaeopappa differs from C. aucheri in some important characters (see Table 7).

Chromosome numbers: —Unknown.

Selected specimens examined:— IRAN. Prov. Azerbaijan: Tabriz to Varzaqan , Chaykandy , 1740 m, 27 June 2012, Ranjbar & Negaresh 28930 ( BASU!) ; Varzaqan toward Tabriz, 20 km after Varzaqan , 1545 m, 26 June 2011, Ranjbar & Negaresh 26856 ( BASU!) ; before Zonuz , 1435 m, 23 June 2011, Ranjbar & Negaresh 25756 ( BASU!) ; Zonuz , 1630 m, 23 June 2011, Ranjbar & Negaresh 26193 ( BASU!) ; Khajeh to Ahar, 7 km after Khajeh , 1600 m, 9 July 2010, Ranjbar & Negaresh 21160 ( BASU!) ; mountains around Bazargan , 1415 m, 22 June 2011, Ranjbar & Negaresh 26732 ( BASU!) ; Oshnavieh to Orumieh, Zhour Abad village , 1828 m, 23 July 2009, Ranjbar et al. 18439 ( BASU!) ; Kalybar to Kharvana, Kyamaki , 1215 m, 2 Juy 2007, Ranjbar et al. 15757 ( BASU!) ; Sentstephanous church, 13 June 2008, Ranjbar 16494 ( BASU!) ; Salmas to Orumieh, neck Qushchi , 1880 m, 4 July 2007, Ranjbar 15916 ( BASU!) ; Khoy, Seidtajedin, Szowits s.n. (G-DC!, K!); 18 km to Jolfa toward Marand , 1190 m, Foroughi 4249 ( TARI!) ; between Marand and Sufian , 1600–1750 m, Rechinger 41184 ( W!) ; Lamond 3779 (E!); 2–12 km W Zonuz, 1500–1700 m, Rechinger 41371 ( W!) ; Lamond 3819 (E!); Talkheh Rud village , 20–30 km NE Tabriz, 1600 m, Rechinger 43596 ( W!) ; between Oshnavieh and Naqadeh , 1500 m, Rechinger 49045 (E!) ; between Balanesh and Rashkan , 34 km S Rezayieh, 1350 m, Rechinger 42107 ( W!) ; Khalil Kuh mountains near Pesan , 1800–2400 m, Rechinger 48654 ( W!) , 48655 ( W!); 86 km WNW Marand , 1000 m, Rechinger 41515 ( W!) ; between Khoy and Qreh Ziahodin , 1500– 1700 m, Rechinger 41451 ( W!) ; between valley Rud-e Aland and Qeris NNW Khoy , 2100 m, Rechinger 49465 ( W!) , 49484 ( W!); 20–26 km SW Khoy , 1400 m, Soják 7116 ( PR!) , 7660 ( PR!); Goja Bel , 83 km NE Tabriz, 1800 m, Rechinger 14855 ( W!) ; W lake Rezaiyeh, 1300 m, Jacobs 4880 (E!). Prov. Kurdestan : 30 km to Sanandaj , neck Salavat Abad, 2130 m, 1 June 2009, Ranjbar et al. 28526 ( BASU!) ; Serish Abad , 22 May 2005, Malaveli 12340 ( BASU!) . Prov. Hamedan: Gonbadan village , 2200 m, Ranjbar & Negaresh 28264 ( BASU!) ; Hamedan to Avaj, 20 km to Abgarm , 1830–1900 m, 10 June 2012, Ranjbar & Negaresh 30024 ( BASU!) . Prov. Qazvin: Kuh Dashteh , 2400–2500 m, Rechinger 57299 ( W!) . Prov. Zanjan: Bijar to Zanjan, 115 km to Zanjan, 1630–1650 m, 14 June 2012, Ranjbar & Negaresh 33165 ( BASU!) ; 105 km toward Zanjan, 1500 m, 25 May 2005, Ranjbar et al. 12336 ( BASU!) ; Manjil to Zanjan, north side of Tarom Pass , 1800–2000 m, 31 May 1971, Lamond & Iranshahr 3543 (E!); Joistan, Bornmüller 7272 (B!); near Chykian, Kotschy 512 (P!). Prov. Esfahan: Kashan, Ad minas derelictas in montibus N Muteh, 2100–2450 m, Rechinger 46983 ( W!) ; 1950–2000 m, Rechinger 46887 ( W!)

Figures

FIGURE 2. Distribution of Centaurea albonitens (1), C. spectabilis (2), C. aucheri (3), C. phaeopappa (4), C. assadii (5), C. indistincta (6), C. farsistanica (7), C. phaeopappa subsp. jiroftensis (8), and C. handelii (9) in Iran.

FIGURE 13. Centaurea phaeopappa (DC.) Sch. Bip. (B and C: Szowits s.n., G-DC). A. close up of capitule. B. habit. C. phyllaries and achenes.