Coccinia adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Cogn. var. adoensis

Holstein, Norbert, 2015, Monograph of Coccinia (Cucurbitaceae), PhytoKeys 54, pp. 1-166 : 55-59

2a. Coccinia adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Cogn. var. adoensis

Momordica adoensis Hochst. ex A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 293. 1847. Coccinia adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Cogn. in A.DC. & C.DC., Monogr. Phan. 3: 538. 1881.

Coccinia adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Cogn. var. adoensis Type: Ethiopia. [Tigray]: Adwa, near church "Eta Mariam", mixed specimens, male and female, fl, fr, 5 Jun 1837, G.H.W. Schimper Iter Abyss. sect. 1 no. 166 (Lectotype, designated here: P! [P00346261, digital image: JPS, P]; isolectotypes: BM! [BM001010004], BR [BR0000008351036], BR! [BR0000008351039, digital image: BR, JPS], BR! [BR0000008886781, digital image: BR, JPS], G! [G00301597], G! [G00301598], G-DC!, HBG! [HBG506429, digital image: JPS], K! [K000542642, digital image: JPS, K], K! [K000542643, digital image: JPS, K], K! [K000542644, digital image: JPS, K], L! [L0057303, digital image: JPS, L], LG! [LG0000090028250; digital image: JPS], M! [M0105779, digital image: JPS], M! [M0105780, digital image: JPS], P! [P00346261, digital image: JPS, P], P! [P00346262, digital image: JPS, P], S! [S10-19076, digital image: S], TUB [TUB004719, digital image: JPS], TUB [TUB004720, digital image: JPS], W! [W 0011091, digital image: WU], W! [digital image: WU]).

Coccinia adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Cogn. var. adoensis Type: Ethiopia. [Tigray]: near Adwa, in thicket, R. Quartin-Dillon s.n. (Syntype: P!).

Coccinia adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Cogn. var. adoensis Type: Ethiopia. [Amhara?]: Ouodgerate Province, A. Petit no.? (Syntype: P?).

Bryonia convolvuloides A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 289. 1847.

Coccinia adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Cogn. var. adoensis Type: Eritrea/Ethiopia. [Gash-barka/Tigray]: Chiré [borderland between both regions, between Tekezé river and Mareb/Gash river], male, fl, R. Quartin-Dillon & A. Petit s.n. (Lectotype, designated here: P! [P05621227, digital image: P]; isolectotype: P! [P05621226, digital image: P]).

Coccinia adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Cogn. var. adoensis Type: Ethiopia. No location, male, 1844, R. Quartin-Dillon & A. Petit s.n. (Syntype: P! [P05621255, digital image: P]).

Bryonia jatrophiifolia A.Rich. [sphalm. Bryonia jatrotrophaefolia A.Rich.], Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 289. 1847. Coccinia jatrophiifolia (A.Rich.) Cogn. [sphalm: Coccinia jatrophæfolia (A.Rich.) Cogn.] in A.DC. & C.DC., Monogr. Phan. 3: 535. 1881.

Coccinia adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Cogn. var. adoensis Type: Ethiopia. [Tigray]: in valley near Adwa, male, fl, Aug 1839, R. Quartin-Dillon & A. Petit s.n. (Lectotype, designated here: P! [P00346263, digital image: JPS, P; K neg. 2990], syntype: P! [P05621222, digital image: P]).

Coccinia adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Cogn. var. adoensis Type: Ethiopia. [Tigray]: near Tchélatchekanné [ Djeladjeranné, in Tekezé river valley ( Gillett 1972), on label as "Tchessu Hetchequenné”], male, fl, R. Quartin-Dillon s.n. (Syntype: P! [P00346260, digital image: JPS, P; K neg. 4467], P! [P05621223, digital image: P]).

Cephalandra pubescens Sond. in Harv. & Sond., Fl. Cap. 2: 493. 1862. Coccinia pubescens (Sond.) Eyles, Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 5(4): 498. 1916. Coccinia pubescens (Sond.) Cogn. ex Harms in Fries, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 491. 1923. nom. superfl.

Coccinia adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Cogn. var. adoensis Type: South Africa. [North West]: Magaliesberg, male and female, fl, Dec, J. Burke 408 (Lectotype, designated here: K! [K000313229, digital image: JPS, K]; isolectotype: BM! [BM000815207], K! [K000313227, digital image: JPS, K], NBG, Z!).

Coccinia adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Cogn. var. adoensis Type: South Africa. North West/Gauteng: at Magalies river, male and female, fl, C.L.P. Zeyher 588 (Syntype: K! [K000313228, digital image: JPS, K], S! [S08-12187, digital image: S]).

Coccinia hartmanniana Schweinf., Reliq. Kotschy.: 42, t. 27, t. 28. 1868.

Coccinia adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Cogn. var. adoensis Type: drawing in protologue, t. 27 (Lectotype, designated here).

Coccinia adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Cogn. var. adoensis Type: Sudan. Sinnar Province: no detailed location given, 1860, R. Hartmann s.n. (Syntype:?, if B, then destroyed).

Coccinia adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Cogn. var. adoensis Type: South Sudan. At White Nile in the region of the Tschier people [a nilotic tribe also called: Chir, Kir, Mandari, Mondari, Mundari, Shir], [possibly the area between Tombe and Mongalla in Central Equatoria state], 1861, W. von Harnier s.n. (Syntype: B destroyed,?).

Coccinia adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Cogn. var. adoensis Type: South Sudan. [al-Qadarif]: Gallabat at Gendua [river], Jun 1861, H. Steudner 843 (Syntype:?, if B, then destroyed).

Coccinia adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Cogn. var. adoensis Type: Ethiopia. [Amhara]: near Matamma at border to Sudan, after beginning of Jun 1865, G.A. Schweinfurth Flora of Gallabat 62 (Syntype:?, if B, then destroyed).

Coccinia rigida Cogn., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 210. 1895.

Coccinia adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Cogn. var. adoensis Type: Tanzania. [Tabora]: Ugunda, near Gonda [Igonda], on ground in wet corn fields, R. Böhm 176 (Holotype: B destroyed, lectotype, designated here: BR! [BR0000008886804, digital image: BR, JPS]).

Coccinia djurensis Schweinf. et Gilg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 357. 1904.

Coccinia adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Cogn. var. adoensis Type: South Sudan. [West Bahr al-Ghazal or Warab]: Seriba Ghattas, male, fl, 24 May 1869 or Jun 1869, G.A. Schweinfurth 1878 (Lectotype, designated here: P!; isolectotypes: B [destroyed], E! [E00303230], G!, K! [K000542640, digital image: JPS, K], PRE [PRE0592944-0, digital image: JPS], S! [S08-12060, digital image: S], Z! [Z-000073403, digital image: Z]).

Coccinia adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Cogn. var. adoensis Type: South Sudan. [West Bahr al-Ghazal or Warab]: Seriba Ghattas, male, fl, 24 May 1869, G.A. Schweinfurth 1867 (Syntype: if B, then destroyed).

Coccinia adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Cogn. var. adoensis Type: South Sudan. [West Bahr al-Ghazal]: Djur realm, Seriba Agad Wau [Waw], fr, May, G.A. Schweinfurth 1688 (Syntype: B [destroyed], K! [K000542641, digital image: JPS, K], L!).

Coccinia princeae Gilg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 358. 1904.

Coccinia adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Cogn. var. adoensis Type: Tanzania. Iringa: Uhehe highland, no detailed location given, fr, M. von Prince s.n. (Holotype: B, destroyed).

Coccinia adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Cogn. var. adoensis Type: Tanzania. Morogoro: Uluguru Mts, NW slopes, male, fl, 19 Jan 1933, H.J.E. Schlieben 3271 (Neotype, designated here: B!; isoneotypes: G!, HBG!, M! [M-0210964], P! [P05621242, digital image: P], S! [S08-12183]).

Coccinia parvifolia Cogn. in Schinz, Vierteljahresschr. Naturforsch. Ges. Zürich 52: 433. 1907.

Coccinia adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Cogn. var. adoensis Type: South Africa. Limpopo: [Mopani District], [Leydsdorp area], Mt Marovounge [Mt Marovougne], male, fl, May 1904, H.A. Junod 2491 (Holotype: Z! [Z-000004444, digital image: Z], isotype: BR! [BR0000008886811, digital image: BR, JPS]).

Coccinia homblei Cogn., Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 5: 114. 1916.

Coccinia adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Cogn. var. adoensis Type: D. R. Congo. Katanga: Lualaba region, Kapanda confluence plains, male, fl, Dec 1912, H. Homblé 992 (Lectotype, designated here: BR! [BR0000008887146, digital image: BR, JPS]; isolectotype: BR! [BR0000008887474, digital image: BR, JPS]).

Coccinia adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Cogn. var. adoensis Type: D. R. Congo. Katanga: Kapiri valley, fr, Feb 1919, H. Homblé 1198 (Syntype: BR! [BR0000008886927, digital image: BR], BR! [BR0000008886859, digital image: BR, JPS]).

Coccinia adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Cogn. var. adoensis Type: D. R. Congo. Katanga: Kapiri valley, male, fl, Feb 1919, H. Homblé 1199 (Syntype: BR! [BR0000008887177, digital image: BR, JPS], BR! [BR0000008887504, digital image: BR, JPS], BR! [BR0000008886842, digital image: BR, JPS, K neg. 4875]).

Coccinia subspicata Cogn., Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 5: 115. 1916.

Coccinia adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Cogn. var. adoensis Type: D. R. Congo. Katanga: Lualaba region, Kapanda confluence plains, male, fl, Dec 1912, H. Homblé 992a (Holotype: BR! [BR0000008887528, digital image: BR, JPS, K neg. 4876]).

Coccinia roseiflora Suess., Proc. Trans. Rhodes. Sci. Ass. 43: 134. 1951.

Coccinia adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Cogn. var. adoensis Type: Zimbabwe. [Mashonaland East]: Marandellas [Marondera], Cave Tatooma, 31 Nov 1941, G. Dehn 188A (Holotype: M! [M0105778, digital image: JPS]).

Description.

Perennial climber or creeper. Stems up to 6 m, glabrous to densely covered with trichomes. Indumentum whitish to beige. Trichomes <0.5 mm, sometimes curved (Fig. 21). Petioles 0.6-3.5 cm, glabrous, pubescent to tomentose with indumentum like on stem. Leaves 4.2-13.5 × 4.7-16 cm, cordate, shallowly to deeply 3- or 5-lobate, rarely elliptical with hastate base. If profoundly to deeply lobate, then lobes often (slightly) pointing towards apex (as in Coccinia keayana ; Fig. 32). Lobes triangulate, lanceolate, lineal, elliptical to obovate. Leaf margin entire to serrate (especially on lateral sides) to lobulate. Tips of lobes retuse, obtuse to acute, often with apical tooth. Upper leaf surface clear to white pustulate, rarely with whitish trichomes. Lower leaf surface soft pubescent with short, whitish trichomes, rarely glabrous, often with black to dark brown glands between nerves towards the base, rarely also along main nerves. Probracts missing or obovoid up to 2.5 mm long. Tendrils simple, rarely bifid. Male flowers in few to many-flowered racemes, often accompanied by one solitary flower. Common peduncle 1-11 cm, glabrous or with short trichomes. Pedicel of racemous flower 0.4-1.3 cm, indumentum like peduncle, pedicel of solitary flower 1.5-4 cm glabrous or with short, white trichomes. Bracts missing (caducous?) or up to 2 mm. Perianth tube glabrous or with short (<0.5 mm), white trichomes. Calyx lobes 1.2-2.5(-3) mm, linear to broadly triangular, adpressed to spreading, apex obtuse to acute. Corolla 0.9-1.6 cm, yellow, salmon-pink, orange, maroon, veins sometimes purplish-brown, lobes 2-5 mm. Filament column whitish to orange, anthers whitish?, yellowish to orange, pollen sacs yellow to orange. Female flowers solitary. Pedicel 0.8-3.5 cm, often glabrous or with short, white trichomes. Hypanthium glabrous or with short (<0.5 mm), white trichomes. Calyx lobes and corolla like in male flowers. Ovary glabrous. Style and stigmas not seen. Fruits 3-7 × 1-1.5 cm, ovoid, oblong to shortly cylindrical, while ripening (usually?) with dark green longitudinal mottling), ripe orange-red to red, often with sterile tip ( “beaked”). Seeds 4-6 × 3-4 × 1-1.7 mm (L/W/H), symmetrically obovate, face lenticular (Fig. 14a, 21).

Phenology.

Flowering time: January-May, August-December.

Distribution.

Fig. 22. Angola? (likely in the South and East since the species occurs close-by), Botswana (North-West District), Burundi?, Cameroon (Extreme North), N Central African Republic, S Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo (Katanga, along the Western Rift), Eritrea (Gash-Barka, likely wider distributed as relicts in the highlands), Ethiopia (except the dry southeast), Kenya (in the west and central highlands), Malawi, Mozambique, N Namibia, Nigeria (only known from Adamawa State, but likely more widely distributed), Rwanda (Eastern Province, maybe wider distributed), South Africa (Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, E North West, E Free State), South Sudan, Sudan (West Darfur, maybe also in woodland relict sites in other provinces), Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda (Northern Region), Zambia, Zimbabwe. Elevation 130-3450 m. On sandy and silty soils, clay loam, loam, laterite, syenite soils, dolerite soil, dolomite soil, limestone. Hyparrhenia cymbaria savanna; Crossopteryx tree savanna; Acacia - Combretum - Stereospermum - Cussonia woodland; Pseuodoprosopis fischeri woodland, Anogeissus leiocarpus woodland, Brachystegia woodland, sourveld grassland, Melhania rehmannii - Enneapogon scoparius mixed bushveld ( Siebert et al. 2010).

Use.

Roots are boiled and drunk for fever (J.C. Lovett & C.J. Kayombo 3434). The potato-like tubers are eaten (F.W. Andrews 1310), also raw (T. Scudder 56). The greens are used as spinach, among others by the Venda (N.J. van Warmelo s.n. Mar 1960, J. Gerstner 5838) and also eaten by the Luo ( Johns and Kokwaro 1991). Ripe fruits are edible (J.C. Lovett et al. 3842, J. Pawek 11008, T. Scudder 56). According to de Boer et al. (2005), the Pare people in Tanzania use an infusion of leaves and stems for abortions, uterus cleansing, and against chickenpox. Coccinia adoensis is quite variable and so there are likely many varieties, of which some might not be edible. Rehm et al. (1957) reports the cytotoxic cucurbitacin B and traces of cucurbitacin D in immature fruits, but edible ripe fruits are known from South Africa. Gradé et al. (2009) report that the usability or toxicity of the tuberous roots is disputed, suggesting chemical variability.

Vernacular names.

Bokora tribe [Karamojong?]: edaldalakisin ( Gradé et al. 2009); Kiluo: mutkuru ( Johns and Kokwaro 1991), nyatunduguwoge (J.G.B. Newbould 5745); Kipare: mlushi ( de Boer et al. 2005); Kisafwa: tandandala (J.C. Lovett & C.J. Kayombo 3434), ndandala (J.C. Lovett & C.J. Kayombo 3773); Kisagara [Kisagala]: lutetere (F. Haerdi 563/0); Nhungoé [Cinyungwe]: mugwingwi (L. Macuácua 1441); Sotho [most likely Northern Sotho]: sephu (J. Gerstner 5838); Tigrinya: entatakh (fide G.H.W. Schimper ( Schweinfurth 1893)), entota (fide A. Richard ( Schweinfurth 1893)); Tshivenda: tshiphu (N.J. van Warmelo s.n. Mar 1960); Zande: bawiriokoro (F.W. Andrews 1601).

Remarks.

Coccinia adoensis is widespread and morphologically variable. Some populations or local forms appear to be distinct, but there are intermediate individuals or similar-looking collections from different parts of the overall distribution range. In East Africa (C Tanzania, Malawi), one can find forms linking to Coccinia aurantiaca , which is treated here as variety of Coccinia adoensis , and to Coccinia senensis . The latter forms have a similar plastid haplotype with Coccinia senensis , but lack a specific deletion in the trn SGCU- trn GUCC intergenic spacer. These forms from central and southern Tanzania are discussed here under the name Coccinia adoensis var. jeffreyana , while another form from Kenya remains in var. adoensis . The non-monophyly in the plastid tree ( Holstein and Renner 2011b) makes Coccinia adoensis even more peculiar. The scenario given in the chapter Evolution and phylogeny might explain this pattern, but without phylogeographic analysis and crossing experiments, this will remain speculative.

Some specimens from the Kingupira area (Lindi, Tanzania; K. Vollesen 3182, 3212, 3384, 4320) have an unusual morphology by having veins that run along the leaf margin, which is unique in Coccinia . Except for this character, they match Coccinia adoensis var. adoensis well (sympetalous, obovate probracts). They strongly resemble Eureiandra species in vegetative characters, but not in generative traits.

Taxonomic remarks.

The lectotypification of Momordica adoensis by Meeuse (1962) is not effected, as he did not specify which specimen was supposed to be the lectotype. However, the present author follows his suggestion and chose among the two Schimper 166 specimens from P.

The types of Bryonia jatrophaefolia are not too obvious as such. The protologue states “Tchélatchekanné”, but Paris Herbarium holds two Quartin-Dillon and Petit specimens (P00346260 and a non-barcoded one) with a location "Tchessu Heckequenné”. Although the spelling has some similarities, they are quite different. On the other hand, the Ge’ez letter sat [S] and läwe [L] look similar and might have been mistranscribed if the name was written down in Ge’ez script. Additionally, the two specimens bear the species name in Richard’s handwriting (C. Bräuchler, pers. comm.). Gillett (1972) notes that Achille Richard, the author of the botanical treatment of Quartin-Dillon's and Petit's journey, wrote consistently “Tchelatchekanné”, although Schimper calls it “Djeladjeranné”. However, there is a locality with that name [Tchelatchekenneh at c. 13°43'N, 38°22'E] in Johnston’s atlas ( Johnston 1861), to which Gillett (1972) refers.

The G.A. Schweinfurth 1668 specimen in L is not obviously a type specimen as it lacks the original label. However, the Herb. D’Alleizette label mentions " Coccinia djurensis ", and the location is the same as the K duplicate with the original label. Ad ditionally, the specimen is a fruiting female, like the specimen in K. Hence, d’Alleizette must have obtained a duplicate of the type.

The placement of Coccinia hartmanniana as a synonym of Coccinia adoensis is done with a high level of confidence although no type specimens were found. The protologue contains drawings showing lenticular seeds and short calyx lobes, which match well other collections of the Coccinia adoensis complex. According to Ascherson (in Schweinfurth 1867), von Harnier’s collections consisted of two duplicates, one of them in B. Other duplicates of von Harnier are in BM and K but not this collection apparently. Since no type specimen was seen, despite extensive search, a drawing from the protologue was chosen as lectotype.

For Coccinia princeae , a neotype was selected because the holotype was destroyed. The leaves of the chosen specimen, H.J.E. Schlieben 3271, match the description well, and the specimens have been identified as Coccinia princeae when the original material was still existing. The specimens differ in the generative characters (fruiting in the holotype, male flowers in the neotype), but Gilg referred strongly to the distinctive leaves, so the neotype appears to be a good match.

The holotype of Coccinia roseiflora is the drawing in M, which has the number 188a. The protologue states: "descriptio sec. tabulam cl. Dehniae" (described following/based on the illustration of Ms. Dehn). There are (at least) two specimens with the number 188 (K, SRGH), which partially might have served as basis for the drawing, but they are not types. The drawing contains all necessary characters to synonymize it with certainty with Coccinia adoensis : seed shape, fruit maculation and calyx lobe morphology.

Specimens examined.

(Selection, in total: 483) Botswana. North-West District: Ngamiland, Motantanyane, H.H. Curson 784 (M). Central African Republic. Nana-Grébizi: Gribingui (Ft-Crampel) [=Kaga-Bandoro], A.J.B. Chevalier 6325 (P [P05621208]). D. R. Congo. Orientale: Faradje (Kibali-Ituri), J. Lebrun 3406 (BR, WAG [WAG0225534]). Eritrea. Gash-Barka: Seraé [ Seraè, a former province], in Tucul region, A. de Benedictis 519 (FT). Ethiopia. Tigray: Edaga Sciaba, E. Chiovenda 581 (FT). Malawi. Northern Region: Karonga district, 17 mls [27.2 km] N of Chilumba, J. Pawek 11008 (DSM, MO, PRE, WAG [WAG0234129]). Mozambique. Zambézia: Massingire [Morrumbala district], M’bôbo [river at Morrumbala], on road to Mopeia, A.R. Torre 5337 (M). Nigeria. Adamawa: 10 miles [16 km] from Mubi to Toyola, P. Wit et al. 1797 (BR, MO (2), P [P05621253], WAG [WAG0041392], WAG [WAG0041393]). Rwanda. Eastern Province: Kibungo prefecture, Rusumo [Ruzumo Falls], savanna park, on opposite slope of A.I.D.R. [Association internationale de développement rural] camp, J. Lambinon 74/1568 (M, MO, WAG [WAG0225516]). South Africa. Gauteng: [City of Johannesburg], N of Eikenhof, Johannesburg, Walkerville rd., L.E. Davidson 3781 (B, M). Sudan. West Darfur: Zalingei, G.E. Wickens 1800 (K). Tanzania. Lindi: Selous Game Reserve, Kingupira, 8°28'S, 38°33'E, [38°34'E], K. Vollesen MRC 3384 (DSM, EA, WAG [WAG0234135]). Ruvuma: Songea, E. Milne-Redhead & P. Taylor 7876 (EA); ibid., E. Milne-Redhead & P. Taylor 7950 (B, EA, K, P [P05621243], S [S08-11819]). Zambia. Lusaka: c. 10 km S of Chilanga and 23 km S of Lusaka, c. 1 km N of Kafue Road near Chilanga Cement housing; Shimabala Cave, 15°39'01"S, 28°14'15"E, D.K. Harder & M.G. Bingham 2584 (K, MO). Zimbabwe. Matabeleland North: Matetsi Safari Area Headquarters House no. 2, P. Gonde 256 (E, G, MO, P [P05621269]).