Fauveliopsis challengeriae McIntosh, 1922

Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I., Zhadan, Anna E. & Rizzo, Alexandra E., 2019, Revision of Fauveliopsidae Hartman, 1971 (Annelida, Sedentaria), Zootaxa 4637 (1), pp. 1-67 : 14-16

Fauveliopsis challengeriae McIntosh, 1922

Figures 5 , 6

Fauveliopsis challengeriae McIntosh, 1922: 5–7 , Pl. 1, Figs. 7 , 8 , Pl. 2, Figs. 1–8 ; Hartman 1966: 33–35, Pl. 9, Figs. 7–10 ; 1978: 175–176, Fig. 25a, b ; Petersen 2000: 497–502, Fig. 1 A–D, G, H, Table 1(redescr.).

TL: Midway between Australia and Antarctica, 3510 m. D: From the type locality to the Australian sector of Antarctica, abyssal.

Type material. Southeastern Indian Ocean. Holotype ( BMNH 1921.5.1.4580), HMS Challenger, Sta. 157 (53°55’ S, 108°35’ E), diatom ooze, in tubular foraminiferan, probably Rhabdammina Eimer & Fickert, 1899 (after Petersen 2000: 498), 3510 m, 3 Mar. 1874 (not seen, very damaged after Petersen 2000:501, Fig. 1A, C ).

Additional material. Antarctic Ocean. One specimen ( USNM 55546a) from the vial containing the holotype of F. brevis Hartman, 1967 , in rhabdamminid-like foraminiferans, S off Isla de los Estados, Drake Passage, Cape Horn, R/V Eltanin, Sta. 740 (56°06’ S, 66°19’ W to 56°07’ S, 66°30’ W), 384–494 m, 18 Sep. 1963 (complete, 5.3 mm long, 1 mm wide under coverslip). Nine specimens ( USNM 56662), and Bathysiphon foraminiferans tubes, South Shetland Island, R/V Eltanin, cruise 1, Sta. 127 (61°45’ S, 61°14’ W), 4758 m, 1 Aug. 1962 (body shape cylindrical, posterior regions barely distorted if preserved outside foramaminiferans tubes; three complete, now outside their tubes; 13–16 mm long, 1.0– 1.5 mm wide, 32–34 chaetigers; GP in the posterior margin of chaetiger 11, visible in one specimen, but present in both sides, the left side with a slit and the right side with a small, rounded papillae. Eastern Pacific Ocean. Two specimens ( SIORAS AK217, separated in different vials), without posterior end, off Central Colombia, R/V Akademik Kurchatov, cruise 4, Sta. 217 (03°49’ N, 82°47’ W), 2800 m, 27 Jul. 1968 (GP on the posterior right side of chaetiger 15). Five specimens ( SIORAS AK220), 4 in Striodentalium Habe, 1964 , 1 in Compressidens Pilsbry & Sharp, 1897 shells, R/V Akademik Kurchatov, cruise 4, Sta. 217 (00°25’ S, 85°00’ W), 2265 m, 30 Aug. 1968 (larger specimen with GP on the posterior right side of chaetiger 11). All with posterior regions variously damaged; they could have some adhesive glands to become attached to the shells, or they might have been destroyed when the shells were broken, but it is remarkable that damage is concentrated in this region. One with GP on right side of chaetiger 11; others without GP. One specimen ( SIORAS AK237), perhaps removed from a Cadulus shell, off Antofagasta, R/V Akademik Kurchatov, cruise 4, Sta. 237 (23°19.2’ S, 70°57.9’ W), 3840 m, 30 Sep. 1968 (10.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, 41 chaetigers; GP on the posterior right side of chaetiger 11); head and pharynx exposed; body progressively thicker, bent ventrally in along last 5 chaetigers; oocytes concentrated towards the posterior region, anus expanded; 10.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, 41 chaetigers; GP in chaetiger 11, right. Four specimens ( SIORAS AK240), three complete, two mature females, R/V Akademik Kurchatov, cruise 4, Sta. 240 (23°50.0’ S, 71°06.0’ W), 4600 m, 23 Sep. 1968 (7–10 mm long, 1 mm wide, 36–42 chaetigers; GP not seen). Three complete, one without the anterior region. Regular preservation. One specimen is a female with oocytes larger than in other females; bodies 7–10 mm long, 1 mm wide, 36–42 chaetigers; some salt grains over the body, GP not visible. One specimen with the prostomium and peristomium exposed showing nuchal organs. Two specimens ( SIORAS AK242), one male and one female from Compressidens shells, R/V Akademik Kurchatov, cruise 4, Sta. 242 (24°03.0’ S, 70°41.3’ W), 2140 m, 23 Sep. 1968 (7 mm long, 1 mm wide, 27 chaetigers; GP not seen). Three specimens ( SIORAS AK242d), R/V Akademik Kurchatov, cruise 4, Sta. 242d (24°03’00” S, 70°42’00” W to 24°02’02” S, 70°41’03” W), 2140 m, 24 Sep. 1968 (in Dentalium Linnaeus, 1758 and Cadulus shells; body 5–6 mm long, 0.9–1.0 mm wide, 26–28 chaetigers; GP on the posterior right side of chaetiger 15). Four specimens (SIO- RAS AK242), from scaphopod shells (One Dentalium , 2 Cadulus ), R/V Akademik Kurchatov, cruise 4, off north of Antofagasta, Chile, Sta. 242 (24º03′00″ S, 70º42′00″ W to 24º02′02″ S, 70º41′03″ W), 2140 m, 24 Sep. 1968; three complete specimens, 5–6 mm long, 0.9–1.0 mm wide, 26–28 chaetigers; GP on the posterior right side of chaetiger 11. One specimen for SEM. Two specimens ( SIORAS AK243), R/V Akademik Kurchatov, cruise 4, Sta. 243 (24°27.8’ S, 70°47.3’ W), 1000 m, 24 Sep. 1968, off north of Antogafasta, Chile. Body shape like other speci- mens ( SIORAS AK237), smaller; 28 and 34 chaetigers. Two specimens ( SIORAS AK254), one complete, from Compressidens shells, R/V Akademik Kurchatov, cruise 4, Sta. 254 (21°12.4’ S, 70°37.3’ W), 1800 m, 3 Oct. 1968 (complete 8 mm long, 1 mm wide, 39 chaetigers; GP not seen). One specimen ( SIORAS AK290), damaged, broken, R/V Akademik Kurchatov, cruise 4, Sta. 290 (08°28.6’ S, 80°37.4’ W), 1680 m, 30 Oct. 1968 (GP in chaetiger 11).

Diagnosis. Fauveliopsis with 27–42 chaetigers ( Figs 5A , 6 A–D). Four anterior chaetigers with 2–3 larger aciculars and 1–2 capillaries per bundle ( Fig. 5B ) (1A1c/1c1A in original description). Median and posterior parapodia with one acicular and one capillary per bundle. Interramal papillae pyriform. GP on right side of chaetigers 11–12 ( Fig. 6D ). Posterior region with two large papillate anal cirri, difficult to observe in compressed specimens ( Fig. 5C ). In cemented sediment foraminiferan tubes ( Rhabdammina , Bathysiphon ) ( Fig. 5D ), or scaphopod shells ( Fig 5A ) such as Cadulus , Compressidens , Dentalium , or Striodentalium .

Remarks. Fauveliopsis challengeriae is similar to F. armata by having genital papillae (GP) on the right side, and body surface with papillae. They especially differ in the chaetigers where GP are present, and by the presence of sigmoid aciculars along posterior chaetigers. In F. challengeriae the GP are in chaetigers 11 to 12, and posterior chaetigers have falcate aciculars, whereas in F. armata , GP are visible in chaetigers 9 to 11, and there are sigmoid aciculars along posterior chaetigers.

The holotype was redescribed by Petersen (2000) and was indicated to be in poor condition such that we avoided restudying it. The presence of genital papillae varies since it can merge in chaetigers 10–12 in specimens collected from Antarctic waters ( Petersen 2000:500).

Levenstein (1970) recorded Fauveliopsis challengeriae from a series of Northern Pacific stations, and her specimens were 3.5–18 mm long, and had 33–34 chaetigers (range: 32–38), whereas the type locality for the nominal species is off Southwestern Australia; the holotype was 17 mm long and had 33 chaetigers (after Petersen 2000). These specimens are lost and they might have belonged to F. levensteinae n. sp. (see below).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Fauveliopsis adriatica Katzmann & Laubier, 1974, non-type specimens.A. Seven specimens, one in a scaphopod, three others in gastropods, and three others removed from shells (Ca: Cadulus, Ol: Olivella, Se: Seguenzia, Vi: vitrinellid, fragment), (LACM 7527). B. Another specimen (LACM 7525) preserved inside a scaphopod, methyl green stained (inset: genital papillae before chaetiger 11). C. Same, anterior end, dorsal view. D.Another specimen (LACM 7525), mature female, preserved within a gastropod shell. Scale bars: A: 1.6 mm, B: 0.9 mm, C: 140 µm, D: 0.6 mm.

FIGURE 2. Fauveliopsis armata Fauchald & Hancock, 1981, paratypes (LACM 1161). A. Methyl green stained, dorsal view, stereoscope. B. Same, dorsal view, compound microscope. C. Same, right side of anterior end. D. Same, posterior end, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, B: 250 µm, C: 60 µm, D: 80 µm.

FIGURE 3. Fauveliopsis brattegardi Fauchald, 1972a, holotype (ZMUB 52205). A. Dorsal view. B. Oblique, dorsal view. C. Anterior end, oblique dorsal view. D. Posterior end, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, B: 160 µm, C: 45 µm, D: 65 µm.

FIGURE 4. Fauveliopsis brevipodus Hartman, 1971, n. comb., holotype (USNM 55546), A. Dorsal view. B. Anterior region, dorsal view. C. Posterior region, dorsal view. Paratypes (USNM 55547). D. Oblique dorsal view. E. Dorsal view. Scale bars: A: 260 µm, B: 100 µm, C: 90 µm, D, E: 0.4 mm.

FIGURE 5. Fauveliopsis challengeriae McIntosh, 1922, non-type specimens. A. Complete specimen from scaphopod shell (USNM 55546a), dorsal view. B. Same, anterior region, dorsal view. C. Same, posterior region, right lateral view. D. Other specimens (USNM 56662), smaller specimen within foram tube, and larger foram tube. Scale bars: A: 360 µm, B: 260 µm, C: 280 µm, D: 1 mm.

FIGURE 6. Fauveliopsis challengeriae McIntosh, 1922, non-type specimens (SIORAS AK242). A. Four specimens from scaphopod shells (one inside shell with exposed posterior end). B. Better preserved specimen, dorsal view (irregular masses in midbody are sperm). C. Same, ventral view (oocytes visible by transparency). D. Same, after staining with acidic methylene blue, lateral view (*: genital papilla). Scale bars: A: 1 mm, B–D: 0.4 mm.

FIGURE 7. Fauveliopsis glabra (Hartman in Hartman & Barnard, 1960), non-type specimens (LACM 7610).A. Largest specimen, dorsal view (arrow points to genital papilla). B. Same, close-up of chaetigers 9–13, right lateral view showing genital papilla (GP) over posterior margin of chaetiger 10. C. Three specimens of different size, larger ones in ventral view, smallest one in oblique dorsal view; largest specimen has a ventral region distorted (‘shield’). D. Anterior region of another specimen, left lateral view, exposed after fracture of scaphopod shell. E.Another specimen, in dorsal view, after shell was broken and sediment removed. Scale bars: A: 1.3 mm, B: 0.3 mm, C: 0.8 mm, D: 0.4 mm, E: 0.7 mm.

FIGURE 8. Fauveliopsis glabra (Hartman in Hartman & Barnard, 1960), non-types (LACM 7613), tubes. A. Tube fragments and one transverse section. B. Eight-shaped tube, opening directed upwards. C. Medial and basal fragments showing complex inner features, worms surrounded by fine sediment. D. Cross section of a medial fragment, inner cover is mucous with fine particles, median brownish core of variable width, outer tube regions more homogeneous. E. Basal fragment, outer cover darker than outer layer, inner with fine sediment particles (broken for figure 10). F. Basal fragment with darker cover inside, fine sediment particles covering tube lumen. Scale bars: A, B: 2 mm, C: 1.3 mm, D: 0.3 mm, E, F: 0.7 mm.

FIGURE 25. Laubieriopsis blakei n. sp., paratypes (ECOSUR 210). A. Same as figure 24, anterior region, dorsal view (arrow points to left genital papilla). B. Same, chaetiger 2, left parapodium, notochaetae. C. Another specimen, chaetiger 3, left para- podium, neurochaetae. D. Same as A, chaetigers 6 and 7 (arrows point to genital papillae). E. Same, left genital papilla, seen from above (asterisk indicates spine with broken tip, arrow point to base of broken acicular). F. Same, posterior region, dorsal view. G. Another paratype, posterior region, dorsal view. Scale bars: A: 0.3 mm, B: 18 µm, C: 14 µm, D: 0.1 mm, E: 10 µm, F: 200 µm, G: 170 µm.