Sinotympana caobangensis, Pham & Sanborn & Nguyen & Constant, 2019

Pham, Thai-Hong, Sanborn, Allen F., Nguyen, Huyen-Thi & Constant, Jerome, 2019, A new species and first record of the cicada genus Sinotympana Lee, 2009 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Dundubiini) from Vietnam, Zootaxa 4664 (4), pp. 565-573 : 566-570

Sinotympana caobangensis sp. nov. Pham & Sanborn

( Figs. 1–3 , 5–6 )

TYPE SERIES. Holotype: “ VIETNAM / Cao Bang prov., Nguyen Binh distr. , / Phia Oac—Phia Den NR / light trap / Pham HT coll. / 11.v.2014 / VNMN-E-000.0007.773”, male ( VNMN) . Paratypes: same data as holotype, nine males ( VNMN) .

DESCRIPTION. Castaneous and tawny marked with piceous. Ratio of body length to head width about 3.0 (2.98– 3.02).

Head. Head castaneous, frons greenish ochraceous, small piceous spot just lateral to lateral ocelli, piceous fascia extending from medial lateral ocelli anteriorly expanding to frontoclypeal suture and posteriorly to margin of head, anterior vertex and supra-antennal plate piceous, mark extending to posterior head including posterior cranial depression and fusing with piceous posterior of eye, distance between lateral ocelli and eyes slightly longer than distance between the two lateral ocelli, ocelli reddish, eyes ochraceous. Genae castaneous with transverse piceous fascia between postclypeus and eye, lorum castaneous anteriorly, piceous posteriorly, postclypeus prominently swollen, castaneous with piceous spot on dorsal surface, series of 8–9 transverse fuscous fasciae on either side of midline, ventroposterior midline and ventrolateral regions piceous, anteclypeus castaneous with two fuscous spots on the middle of the carina and piceous posterior margin, mentum pale tawny with lateral castaneous fasciae, labium pale tawny with castaneous central longitudinal fascia and piceous apex, reaching posterior margins of hind coxae, antennae piceous.

Thorax. Pronotum castaneous with short tawny fascia on midline, piceous fascia on either side of midline expanding laterally anteriorly and posteriorly forming elongated triangular areas, posterior also extends medially to fuse across midline in ambient fissure, ambient fissure and paramedian and lateral fissures piceous, curved piceous fascia extending from posterior paramedian fissure onto disc, piceous extending across disc from posterior lateral fissure to ambient fissure, ambient fissure piceous, pronotal collar tawny posterior and lateral margin edged in piceous, with small piceous tooth on lateral margin, lateral angle broadened, oblique piceous mark extending from anterior margin medial to pronotal collar lateral angle, larger piceous spot on lateral portion of pronotal collar lateral angle. Mesonotum tawny with castaneous anterolateral fascia and ochraceous anterolateral margin, central piceous fascia widening at posterior submedial sigilla and extending laterally anterior to cruciform elevation with piceous crossing anterior arm of cruciform elevation, lateral submedian sigilla piceous with fascia expanding in middle towards midline, curving to fuse with central fascia, small triangular spot in medioanterior lateral sigilla, piceous fascia in lateral sigilla extending to piceous posterior margin, scutal depression piceous, cruciform elevation tawny, piceous posterior to anterior arms and posterior margin, wing groove tawny, dense golden pile between anterior arms of cruciform elevation and on posterior margin, white pubescence on anterolateral margin and posterior wing groove. Ventral thoracic segments castaneous laterally, piceous medially, with dense pile and white pubescence.

Wings. Fore and hind wings hyaline. Fore wing basal venation castaneous except ochraceous cubitus posterior + 1A and piceous 2A+3A, distal venation piceous, infuscation on radial and radiomedial crossveins, distal radius anterior 2 that extends onto ambient vein in distal apical cell 1, distal radius posterior and distal medial veins 1–3. Hind wing venation similar to fore wing with piceous anal vein 3, grayish along 2A and 3A in anal cell 2, anal cell 3 grayish.

Legs. All legs with similar markings, coxae tawny marked with castaneous and piceous, trochanters tawny marked centrally and distally with piceous, femora castaneous with tawny apex heavily marked with piceous laterally and distally, tibia castaneous with annular piceous marks proximally and distally, tarsi and pretarsal claws piceous. Fore femur primary spine basad angled distally, piceous, secondary spine almost perpendicular to long femur axis, piceous with castaneous tip.

Operculum. Tawny with anteromedial margin piceous, roughly triangular with rounded apex, surface slightly prominent, operculum extending to or slightly beyond 3rd sternite (sternum), medial margin angled to base, medial margins well separated. Meracanthus pointed, long reaching more than half the length of sternite I, fuscous.

Abdomen. Longer than distance from anterior margin of postclypeus to posterior margin of cruciform elevation, tergites primarily piceous variously marked with tawny or castaneous, tergite 1 piceous with transverse tawny fascia dorsally and tawny posterolateral spot, tergite 2 primarily tawny with piceous anterior margin, central fascia not reaching posterior margin and dorsolateral spot on posterior half of tergite lateral portion extending to corner of timbal cover, tergite 3 with large anterior dorsolateral tawny spot and small tawny spot immediately posterior to this large spot near posterior margin, tergites 4–6 piceous with castaneous anterolateral spots, tergites 7–8 piceous, membrane between tergites castaneous. Timbal cover tawny with piceous anteromedial margin edged in castaneous, roughly semicircular with straight ventral margin, completely concealing timbal. Tergites covered with silvery pile, white pruinosity on lateral tergites 2 and 3 including timbal cover. Abdominal sternites I and II piceous, sternite III piceous anteromedially margined with castaneous with transverse tawny fascia posteriorly expanding laterally, sternites IV cataneous with tawny midline and posterior margin, sternites V–VI with tawny midline, castaneous laterally and piceous posterior margin, piceous band wider in sternite VI, sternite VII piceous with castaneous spot on posterolateral margin and tawny spot on anterolateral corner. Epipleurites castaneous anteriorly, tawny posteriorly with piceous marking centrally, amount of piceous increasing in posterior epipleurites. Medial sternites I and II, lateral sternites III–VII and epipleurites covered with white pubescence, epipleurites with long pile.

Male genitalia. Distal shoulder of pygofer curved, upper pygofer lobes of pygofer absent, pygofer with ventral margins parallel, basal pygofer lobes indistinct, pressed against lateral pygofer and radiating golden pile, dorsal beak short. Uncus large, with uncal lobes fused at base, bifurcate distally; lateral branches of uncus wide and thick, diverging laterally from base with straight ventral margin; distal margin straight with lateral tip recurving ventrally, lateral margin straight. Aedeagus tubular, small, protruding between lateral branches of uncus. Claspers absent.

Female is unknown.

MEASUREMENTS (mm). N = 10 males, mean (range). Body length: 36.2 (35.8–36.5), fore wing length: 45.4 (45.1–45.6), fore wing width: 14.0 (13.9–14.2), head width: 9.1 (8.9–9.5), head length: 4.6 (4.5–4.7); pronotum width: 12.8 (12.3–13.0), mesonotum width: 11.0 (10.7–11.4), mesonotum length: 8.8 (8.3–9.1).

DIAGNOSIS. The new species can be distinguished from S. incomparabilis by the structure of the obovate ventral margins of the pygofer in S. incomparabilis while the ventral margins are parallel in S. caobangensis sp. nov. The middle pygofer margin lacks long pile in the new species that is present in S. incomparabilis . The uncal lobes of S. caobangensis sp. nov. are straight but curve mediad in S. incomparabilis . The uncal lobes have a straight ventral margin when viewed from the side in the new species but there is a semicircular notch in the uncal lobe of S. incomparabilis . The distal uncal lobes are straight in the new species but semicircular in S. incomparabilis . The new species possesses distinct infuscation on the fore wing radial and radiomedial crossveins, the radiomedial crossvein infuscation is absent in S. incomparabilis . In addition, the markings on the pronotal collar are small and incomplete in the new species but span the pronotal collar with the lateral marks fusing in S. incomparabilis . The male opercula are widely separated in the new species but almost touching or slightly overlapping in S. incomparabilis . Tergites 1 and 2 are significantly marked with tawny and there are midline spots on tergites 4 and 5 in the new species but the tergites are almost completely piceous in S. incomparabilis .

BIOLOGY. This species was collected by light trapping in virgin rainforest at an altitude between 950 to1250 meters. This forest still retains abundant primary features, especially the high-altitude sub-tropical evergreen rainforest ecosystem, the mid-altitude sub-tropical evergreen rainforest ecosystem, and mixed timber-bamboo forests with four-layered structure covering large areas. Some ecosystems are specific to high altitude environment, such as the dwarf forest and moss forest ecosystems.

DISTRIBUTION. The species is currently only known from the type series collected in Phia Oac—Phia Den National Park, Cao Bang Province, Northern Vietnam ( Fig. 1 ). The national park extends through the communes of Thanh Cong, Quang Thanh, Phan Thanh, and Hung Dao and the town of Tinh Tuc in Nguyen Binh district. The park has a total area of over 10,500ha, with its highest peak at nearly 2,000 meters above sea level. Phia Oac—Phia Den National Park is noted for its fantastic natural and wild scenery.

ETYMOLOGY. The name is a combination of caobang– for the province where the the type series was collected and –ensis (L. suffix denoting place).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Distribution map of Sinotympana caobangensis sp. nov.

FIGURE 2. Sinotympana caobangensis sp. nov. A, dorsal view of male; B, ventral view of male.

FIGURE 3. Sinotympana caobangensis sp. nov. A, male genitalia in lateral view; B, male genitalia in lateroventral view; C, male genitalia in ventral view.

FIGURE 5. Male genitalia of Sinotympana species. Sinotympana caobangensis sp.nov., A, ventral view; B, lateroventral view; C, lateral view; Sinotympana incomparabilis Lee, 2009, D, ventral view; E, lateroventral view; F, lateral view.

FIGURE 6. Abdomen and operculum of male Sinotympana species: Sinotympana caobangensis sp.nov., A, ventral view; Sinotympana incomparabilis Lee, 2009; B, ventral view.