Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring, 1843

Shalimov, Aleksandr Petrovich, Wu, Yu-Dong & Zhang, Xian-Chun, 2019, A taxonomic revision of the genus Selaginella (Selaginellaceae) from Nepal, PhytoKeys 133, pp. 1-76 : 1

Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring Figs 2 (3 A–C), 9D , 17

Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 10(1): 136, no. 6. 1843; Iwatsuki 1975; Iwatsuki 1988; Dixit 1992; Thapa 2002; Zhang 2004; Zhang et al. 2013; Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2015; Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2017.

≡ Lycopodium involvens Sw., Syn. Fil. 182. 1806.

≡ Lycopodioides involvens (Sw.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 826. 1891. Type. JAPAN. Thunberg in Herb. Swartz (holotype: S; isotype: B [20 0147264]).

= Lycopodium caulescens Wall. ex Hook. & Grev., Bot. Misc. 2: 382. 1831.

≡ Selaginella caulescens (Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.) Spring, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 10(1): 137, no. 12. 1843. Type. NEPAL. At the River Rapty, Nepal, Dr. Wallich 137 (holotype: K [001109362]; isotype BM?).

Description.

Plants 15 –45(– 65) cm, with creeping subterranean rhizome and stolons; leaves on rhizome and stolons scale-like, pale yellow. Rhizophores restricted to basal part. Main stems branched from middle upward, pinnately branched, stramineous, unbranched main stem 3-20 cm tall, 1-1.5 mm in diam. in lower part, terete, not sulcate, glabrous; primary leafy branches 7-12 pairs, 2 or 3 times pinnately branched, secondary branches 1 or 2 times pinnately branched. Axillary leaves ovate to triangular, 1.1-1.6 × 0.4-1.1 mm, base exauriculate, margin denticulate in basal to middle part, to upper entire, apex acute. Ventral leaves ovate to triangular, 1.4-2.4 × 0.4-1.4 mm, basiscopic base rounded, margin entire, acroscopic base enlarged, broader, overlapping stem and branches, margin denticulate, falsely two nerved, apex subacute or apiculate. Dorsal leaves ovate-triangular or ovate-elliptic, 0.6-1.2 × 0.2-0.5 mm, slightly carinate, base cuneate, margin denticulate, apex long acuminate to shortly aristate. Strobili solitary, terminal, compact, tetragonal, 5-15 × 1-1.4 mm. Sporophylls monomorphic, ovate-triangular, margin denticulate, apex acuminate. Megaspores whitish or brown, with equatorial flange, surface with spinulose microsculptures; microspores yellowish orange, surface verrucate with blunt spines.

Ecology.

Epilithic or xerophytic, in damp forests or on moss covered boulders and cliffs, evergreen or seasonally green. Alt. 650-3000 m.

Distribution in Nepal.

W, C, E.

Nepalese threatened status: not available data.

General distribution.

BHUTAN, CHINA (Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang), INDIA (N, E, C and S), JAPAN, KOREA, LAOS, MALAYSIA, MYANMAR, PHILIPPINES, SRI LANKA, THAILAND, VIETNAM.

Chromosome number.

x=9 ( Kuriachan 1963); 2n=18 ( Jermy et al. 1967).

Selected specimens examined:

W Nepal: MUGU: "Mugu Karnali Valley, between Mangri and Lumsa, growing on wet vertical cliff face in shade, alt. 7000 ft, 26 Aug 1952, O. Polunin, W.R. Sykes & L.H. Williams 3045 " (US, photo; KYO, photo).

HUMLA: "Between Ripa and Sunakhada, 29 Aug 1983, H. Tabata et al. 23939 " (KYO, photo); "Between Surkegad and Ripa, rock cliff facing east, alt. 1700 m, 27 Aug 1983, H. Tabata et al. 23757 " (KYO, photo).

BAJHANG: "Bajhang, Agara, 11 Sep 2017, S.R. Zhang 345 " (PE no. 2525761).

C Nepal: NUWAKOT, RASUWA: "Between Betrawati, Nuwakot Dist. and Ramche, Rasuwa Distr., on the rock in the open place, alt. 1450 m, 11 Jun 1983, H. Tabata et al. 18029 " (KYO, photo); "Bagmati Zone, beyond Dhunche, in gorge of Trisuli River (coming down from Goissaikund), Northeast facing slopes, on mossy rocks in deep shade, alt. 1700 m, 17 Sep 1966, D.H. Nicolson 2507 " (US).

RAMECHAP: "enroute from Those to Shibalaya, Ramechap District. Along the trail, on the rock, Pinus wallichiana zone, alt. 1750-1780 m, 2 Jun 1978, H. Tabata, K.R. Rajbhandari, Y. Shimizu 10211 " (PE 00244240); "Jiri (1860m)-Kune (1860m)-Kattike (2000m)-Those (1740m)-Shivalaya (1800m), alt. 1740-2000 m, 27°37'N, 86°14'E - 27°36'N, 86°17'E, 16 Aug 1985, M. Suzuki, N. Kurosaki, S.K. Wu 8580885 " (TI, photo).

DOLAKHA: "Shemma-Yakuwa-Lamobagar, alt. 1100-1500 m, 1 Aug 1977. H. Ohashi et al. 771897 " (TI, photo); "Jire-Those, shade place, alt. 6300 ft, 23 Sep 1964. Banerjee, Shrestha, Upadhyay 2884 " (US, photo); "Chumro, alt. 2200 m, 26 Sep 1976, Y. Suehiro 2326 " (KYO, photo); “Près de Gongar, alt. 1280 m, 14 Sep 1956, A. Zimmermann 1256 " (KYO, photo).

KASKI: "Tamage (1730m)-Banjan (2035m), alt. 2100 m, 28°15'22"-13'03"N, 83°49'56"-48'44"E, 9 Aug 1999, M. Mikage et al. 9965056 " (TI, photo); "Pokhara to Hyenda, alt. 1000-1100 m, 20 Sep 1976, Y. Suehiro 84 " (PE); "Pokhara to Hyenda, alt. 1000-1100 m, 20 Sep 1976, Y. Suehiro 82 " (TI, photo); "l.c. Y. Suchiro 83" (KYO, photo).

E Nepal: TERHATHUM: "Basantapur-Chitre, on mossy tree trunk in forest, alt. 2300-2400 m, 7 Jun 1972, H. Kanai et al. 725490 " (TI, photo; KYO, photo); "Kunja, 27°13'N, 87°52'E, alt. 2100 m, J.F. Dobremez DBR NEP 1315 " (E00754781, E00668259).

SANKHUWASABHA: "Seduwa to Kasuwa Khola, prostrate under rock, alt. 3500 ft, 6 May 1965, Banerjee, Upadhyay, Baskola 3406 " (US, photo); "Seduwa, in shade under big rock, alt. 5500 ft, 8 Aug 1965, Banerjee, Upadhyay, Baskola 3366 " (US, photo); "Senduwa 2100 m - Bhaluhhop 2400 m, 5 Jun 1972, H. Kanai et al. 725089 " (KYO, photo).

TAPLEJUNG: "Shewaden 2600 m - Mewa Khola 2100 m, on mossy rock in light shade, c. 2200 m, 29 Jun 1972, H. Kanai et al. 725353 " (KYO, photo); "Zongi-Iladanda, 12 Nov 1963, H. Hara et al." (TI, photo).

SOLUKHUMBHU: "near Namche, in shade andmoist place, alt. 8000 ft, 9 May 1965, Banerjee et al. 3415 " (US, photo).

ILAM: "Mai Majuwa-Mai Pokhari-Dhara Pani, 4 Dec 1963, H. Hara et al." (TI, photo).

Figures

Figure 2. Morphological diversity of the leaves of Nepalese Sealginella species 1 A-C S. adunca (Strachey & Winterbottom 5, PE) 2 A-C S. fulcrata (Nakaike 1923, PE) 3 A-C S. involvens (Zhang 345, PE). A - Axillary leaves, B - Dorsal leaves, C - Ventral leaves. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

Figure 9. Diversity strobili of Nepalese Selaginella species A S. indica (Nakaike 1325, PE) B S. bryopteris (Tabata et al. 11989, PE) C S. fulcrata (Nakaike 1923, PE) D S. involvens (Zhang 345, PE) E S. pallida (Nakaike 3740, PE) F S. remotifolia (Nakaike 3522, PE) G S. semicordata (Jenkins s. n., PE) H S. helvetica (Zhang 0638, PE) I S. pallidissima (Zhang 2746, PE). Scale bars: 1 mm (A-G), 2 mm (F, H-I).

Figure 17. Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring. A Habit, upper surface of stem B habit, lower surface of stem C lower surface of the main stem D upper surface of the main stem E lower surface of the lateral branches F upper surface of the lateral branches (J. F. Dobremez DBR NEP 1315, E). Link: (http: // data. rbge. org. uk / herb / E 00668259).