Burmeistera fistulosa F.González & J.M.Vélez, Caldasia, 2018

González, Favio, 2023, Taxonomic revision of Burmeistera (Campanulaceae-Lobelioideae) in Colombia, Phytotaxa 615 (1), pp. 1-113 : 41-44

18. Burmeistera fistulosa F.González & J.M.Vélez, Caldasia 40: 272. 2018.

Type:— COLOMBIA. Antioquia: Urrao, corregimiento de Encarnación, Parque Nacional Natural Las Orquídeas, sector Calles, cerca de la cabaña de Parques, margen izquierda del río Calles , 6°31´08´´N, 76°15´59´´W, 1340 m, 7 Apr 2011 (fl, fr), J. Betancur et al. 15048 (holotype: MEDEL! [ MEDEL 56096 ]; isotypes: COL!, MEDEL! [56095], NY!). Figs. 11A–D , 12 .

Herbs up to 1 m tall. Stem glabrous. Petiole 0.5–2.0 cm long, glabrous; blade elliptic to ovate to rarely narrowly obovate, (3.5–)9.5–14.0(–20.0) × (2.8–)4.0–6.0(–8.0) cm, glabrous above and beneath, base obtuse, round to slightly cordate, asymmetric, apex acute to shortly acuminate, margin slightly and loosely toothed, teeth 0.5–1.2 mm long, hydathodes 20 to 40 per side, evenly distributed, intramarginal or marginal, secondary veins 10 to 14 per side, higher order venation markedly reticulate, intramarginal vein present, discontinuous. Flowers densely arranged forming a corymbiform distal portion of the branch, each flower axillary to a glabrous, scale-like or filiform leaf up to 4–10 × 1–5 mm. Peduncle 2.0–4.8 (to 7.0 in fruit) cm long, fistulous and pale yellow (in siccus), with a proximal and a distal constriction (likely functioning as abscission zones), glabrous, ebracteolate. Hypanthium obconic, 4–5 × 2.0– 2.5 mm, glabrous. Calyx lobes very narrowly ovate, 2.5–6.0 × 0.8–1.2 mm, patent to reflexed, glabrous, basally spaced by broad (ca. 1 mm) sinuses. Corolla green, sometimes the proximal half tinted maroon, glabrous; tube 8–14 mm long, ca. 3 mm diameter at its mid-level, inflated proximally and distally; lobes ovate, slightly falcate, dorsal lobes 7–9 × 2.5–3.6 mm, lateral lobes 6.5–8.0 × 2.5–3.2 mm, ventral lobe 5.5–6.5 × 2–3 mm. Synandrium 1.7–1.9 cm long, exserted up to 1.2 cm; filament tube 1.3–1.5 cm long, glabrescent to finely puberulous; anther tube 3.5–4.5 mm long, glabrous, ventral anthers barbate during preanthesis, ebarbate at anthesis. Berries obconic to ellipsoid, 8–18 × 6–12 mm, not inflated, glabrous, green when juvenile, later white, yellow, pink or purple.

Phenology: — Burmeistera fistulosa sets flowers and fruits from January to July, and from October to December.

Distribution, ecology and conservation status: — Burmeistera fistulosa is restricted to the Western and the Central cordilleras in the department of Antioquia ( Colombia). The species occurs at the edges of primary or secondary forests between 890 and 2800 m in elevation, including Quercus humboldtii forests. Following the IUCN´s (2022) criteria [B1(EOO) and B2(AOO), conditions (a) and (b)], B. fistulosa qualifies as Critically Endangered.

Notes: — Burmeistera fistulosa is distinguishable by its corymbiform flowering portion of the branches, and by the fistulous peduncle with two well-defined constrictions that likely facilitate fruit dispersal by providing breakjoints allowing the fruit to be easily removed from the plant. The species, restricted to the department of Antioquia, is similar to B. multiflora , from southern Colombia (Cauca, Chocó, Nariño, Risaralda and Valle del Cauca) and Ecuador. The former differs by the stem and petiole glabrous; the leaf blade glabrous beneath and with an intramarginal vein present but discontinuous; the peduncle glabrous, fleshy and fistulose, with a proximal and a distal abscission zone; the hypanthium 4–5 × 2.0– 2.5 mm, glabrous; the dorsal lobes of the corolla 7–9 × 2.5–3.6 mm; the synandrium exserted up to 1.2 cm, with glabrescent to finely puberulous filament tube; and the berries obconic to ellipsoid, green when juvenile, later white, yellowish, pink or purple (versus the stems and petiole glabrescent to puberulous; the leaf blade glabrescent to puberulous beneath, without intramarginal vein; the peduncle glabrescent to puberulous, slender, without abscission zones; the hypanthium 5–7 × 3–6 mm, glabrescent; the dorsal lobes of the corolla 10–14 × 3.0– 3.5 mm; the synandrium exserted up to 2 cm, with glabrous filament tube; and the berries globose, pink in B. multiflora ).

Vernacular name:—“Lechuvas” (Antioquia, Sánchez et al. 405).

Additional specimens examined:— Antioquia. Frontino, corregimiento Nutibara , región Murrí, 1800 m, 9 Jul 1986 (fr), P. Acevedo et al. 1129 ( NY) ; división entre los municipios de Urrao y Frontino, Parque de Las Orquídeas, Inderena, finca La Lola , al frente de la cabaña de Inderena, 1410 m, 16 Jun 1981 (fl, fr), L. Albert et al. 1778 ( HUA) ; Frontino, vereda Venados, PNN Las Orquídeas , sector Venados , arriba finca de Oviedo Álvarez, 1110 m, margen izquierda del río Venados , 6°34´N, 76°28´W, 30 Oct 1986 (fl, fr), R. Callejas et al. 2819 ( NY) ; Frontino, corregimiento La Blanquita, región de Murrí, vía Nutibara-La Blanquita , 14.5 km W de Nutibara , 15‒16 km del Alto de La Cueva-La Blanquita , 890‒900 m, 6°45´N, 76°25´W, 13 Jul 1988 (fl, fr), R. Callejas et al. 6717 ( HUA) ; Frontino, corregimiento La Blanquita, región de Murrí, Alto de Cuevas , 14.5 km W de Nutibara en la vía a La Blanquita, 6°45´N, 76°25´W, 1850 m, 14 Jul 1988 (fl, fr), R. Callejas et al. 6819 ( NY), 6838 ( HUA, NY) ; Frontino, corregimiento Nutibara, sitio Murrí , vía Nutibara-La Blanquita , Alto de Cuevas , finca El Palmar , 1970‒2080 m, 13 Feb 1991 (fl, fr), R. Callejas et al. 9838 ( HUA) ; PNN Las Orquídeas, sector Calles, margen derecha del río Calles , 1310‒1365 m, 6°32´N, 76°19´W, 27 Mar 1988 (fl, fr), A. Cogollo et al. 2702 ( JAUM) ; PNN Las Orquídeas, sector Calles, margen derecha del río Calles , 6°32´N, 76°19´W, 1250 m, 30 May 1988 (fl, fr), A. Cogollo et al. 3067 ( COL, JAUM) ; PNN Las Orquídeas, sector Venados Arriba, margen derecha del río Venados , 1150‒1240 m, 6°34´N, 76°19´W, 29 Jul 1988 (fl, fr), A. Cogollo et al. 3610 ( JAUM) ; PNN Las Orquídeas, sector Calles, margen izquierda del río Calles , 1 km arriba de la confluencia de los ríos Polo y Calles , 1460 m, 6°32´N, 76°19´W, 11 Feb 1989 (fl, fr), A. Cogollo et al. 3898 ( JAUM) ; Urrao, vereda Calles, Río Calles , PNN Las Orquídeas , 1400‒1500 m, 4°35´56´´N, 77°04´51´´W, 2 May 1995 (fl, fr), R. Fonnegra et al. 5457 ( HUA) ; Frontino, corregimiento Nutibara, region of Murrí , Alto de Cuevas , ca. 6°45´N, 75°20´W, 1500‒ 1880 m, 16–18 Oct 1987 (fl, fr), J. L. Luteyn et al. 11699 ( HUA, NY), 11708 ( NY), 11717 ( HUA, NY) ; Frontino, corregimiento Nutibara, Nutibara-La Blanquita road, region of Murrí , Alto de Río Cuevas , ca. 6°45´N, 76°20´W, 1700‒1800 m, 19 Apr 1988 (fl, fr), J. L. Luteyn et al. 11989 ( NY, PSO), 12068 ( HUA, NY) ; Frontino, corregimiento Nutibara, Nutibara-La Blanquita Rd , region of Murrí , Alto de Río Cuevas , ca. 9‒18 km W of Nutibara, ca. 6°45´N, 76°20´W, 1450‒2130 m, 06–10 Apr 1989 (fl), J. L. Luteyn et al. 12454 ( HUA, NY) ; Jardín, vereda Ventanas , Jardín-Ventanas-Riosucio road, 12‒19 km SSE of Jardín, 5°40´N, 75°47´W, 2320‒2800 m, 03 May 1989 (fl, fr), J. L. Luteyn et al. 12727 ( HUA, NY) ; Frontino, corregimiento Nutibara-La Blanquita road, región of Murrí , Alto de Río Cuevas , ca. 10‒22 km W of Nutibara, ca. 6°45´N, 76°20´W, 1220‒2050 m, 7 Jun 1989 (fl, fr), J. L. Luteyn et al. 13290 ( HUA) ; Urrao, corregimiento La Encarnación, vereda Calles , PNN Las Orquídeas , camino de la cabaña a la quebrada El Agudelo, 6°31´5´´N, 76°15´9´´W, 1351 m, 26 Jan 2011 (fl, fr), P. Pedraza et al. 1981 ( COL) ; Frontino, region of Murrí, c. 13 road-km from Nutibara , forest edge of road, 6°40´N, 76°20´W, 2000 m, 09 Dec 1988 (fl, fr), G. McPherson et al. 13399 ( HUA, NY) ; Frontino, corregimiento de Nutibara, cuenca alta del río Cuevas , 17 Mar 1984 (fl, fr), D. Sánchez et al. 108 ( MEDEL, NY) ; Frontino , Nutibara , cuenca alta del río Cuevas , 1510 m, 14 Jul 1986 (fr), D. Sánchez et al. 405 ( MEDEL) Frontino , corregimiento de Nutibara , cuenca alta del río Cuevas , Finca de Tulio Álvarez , 2000 m, 14 Jul 1987 (fl, fr), D. Sánchez et al. 1403 ( MEDEL) ; Frontino , corregimiento de Nutibara , cuenca alta del río Cuevas , 1780 m, 23 Sep 1987 (fr), D. Sánchez et al. 1563 ( HUA, MEDEL) ; quebrada 19 km N of Yarumal along Medellín-Cartagena Hwy. c. 2 km S of Alto de Ventanas , 7°04´N, 75°27´W, 2000 m, 07 Feb 1986 (fl, fr), B. Stein et al. 3367 ( GH, JAUM) ; Frontino, km 17 of road Nutibara-La Blanquita, region of Murri , 6°45´N, 76°24´W, 1860 m, 3 Nov 1988 (fl, fr), J. Zarucchi et al. 7088 ( HUA).

Figures

FIGURE 11.A–D. Burmeistera fistulosa (A, Betancur et al. 15048, type; B–D, Pedraza et al. 1981), habit (A), corymbiform inflorescence (B), flower (C), and berry (D). E–G.B. fuchsioides (E–F, Luteyn et al. 11804; G, Luteyn et al. 12408), leaves and flowers (E, F), and berries (G). H–I. B. fuscoapicata (González 969), branch with flowers and berries (H), and flower (I). Photo credits: A–D. F. Gómez; E–G. J.L. Luteyn; H–I: M.F. González. Scale bars: 4 cm in A; 5 mm in B–D, F, I; 1 cm in E, G, H.

FIGURE 12. Distribution of Burmeistera fistulosa, B. formosa, B. fuchsioides, B. fuscoapicata and B. glabrata.