Triogma kuwanai (Alexander, 1913)

Kolcsar, Levente-Peter, Paramonov, Nikolai, Imada, Yume, Kato, Daichi, Gamboa, Maribet, Shinoka, Dai, Kato, Makoto & Watanabe, Kozo, 2022, Notes on the taxonomic status and distribution of some Cylindrotomidae (Diptera, Tipuloidea), with emphasis on Japanese species, ZooKeys 1083, pp. 13-88 : 13

publication ID

https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.75624

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D263A9C3-D2EB-4A2D-9D7F-ECAC41AFD710

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7BB10EA1-0CEB-5BFB-8EB0-B5B6B534A4A0

treatment provided by

ZooKeys by Pensoft

scientific name

Triogma kuwanai (Alexander, 1913)
status

 

Triogma kuwanai (Alexander, 1913)

Figs 4G View Figure 4 , 5G, H View Figure 5 , 31B View Figure 31 , 36 View Figure 36 , 37 View Figure 37 , 38 View Figure 38

Triogma kuwanai limbinervis Alexander, 1953, syn. nov.

Triogma nimbipennis Alexander, 1941, syn. nov.

Liogma kuwanai in Alexander 1913: 294-295, 321-322: illustration, original description; Alexander 1920: 15-16: female description.

Triogma kuwanai in Alexander 1928: 12: distribution, illustrations, comb. nov.; Esaki 1950: illustration; Alexander 1953a: 56: faunistic records; in Takahashi 1960: 81: distribution; Nakamura 2001: 23-29: identification key, illustration, distribution, faunistic records; Nakamura 2005: 685: illustration; Oosterbroek 2020 (since 2018): taxonomic status. Imada 2020: biology and ecology of larvae.

Triogma kuwanai kuwanai in Ishida 1955: 76-77: distribution; Sidorenko 1999: 68-70: identification key, illustration, distribution; Paramonov 2006: 888-889: identification key, illustration, distribution; Nakamura 2014: 54: distribution; Kato and Suzuki 2017: 16: faunistic records, distribution.

Triogma kuwanai limbinervis ssp. n. in Alexander 1953a: 56-57: original description, illustration; Alexander, 1953b: 77: distribution; Takahashi 1960: 82: distribution; Sidorenko 1999: 68-70: identification key, illustration, distribution; Paramonov 2006: 888-889: identification key, distribution; Nakamura 2014: 54: distribution.

Triogma limbinervis in Oosterbroek 2020 (since 2018): taxonomic status.

Triogma nimbipennis in Alexander 1941: 407-408: original description, illustration, comparison; Yang 1991: information about type material; Sinclair and Dorchin 2010: 80: information about type material; Alexander and Alexander 1973: 69: catalogue, distribution; Oosterbroek 2020: taxonomic status.

Type material examined.

Triogma kuwanai limbinervis Alexander, 1953: Paratype: Japan • ♀; Kochi, Tosa, Nisikawa, Mt. Yanase; alt. 800 m; 4 May. 1951; R. Takahashi leg.; USNM.

Triogma nimbipennis Alexander, 1941: Paratypes: China • ♂; Kuatun (Guadun), Fukien (Fukijen); 2500-3000 m; 23 Apr. 1938; • 2 ♀; same locality; 27 Apr. 1938 - 28 Apr. 1938; • 1 ♀; same locality; 27 Apr. 1938; Klapperich leg.; ZFMK.

Non-type material examined.

Triogma kuwanai kuwanai (Alexander, 1913): Japan • 1 ♂; Aomori, Hirosaki, Koguriyama, Inekari River; 40.53658°N, 140.48701°E; alt. 170 m; 24 May. 2013; • 1 ♂; same locality; 25 May. 2013; • 1 ♀; same locality; 28 May. 2013; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 2 ♂; Aomori, Nakadomari, Osawanai, Osawanai Pond; 40.94641°N, 140.46231°E; alt. 35 m; 15 May. 2014; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♂; Aomori, Nishimeyamura, Hirasawa River; 40.48729°N, 140.31335°E; alt. 710 m; 4 Jun. 2013; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♂; Aomori, Towada, Okuse, Tsutanuma Path; 40.59084°N, 140.95705°E; alt. 468 m; 23 May. 2014; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♂; Ehime, Iyo, Mt. Saragamine; 33.72°N, 132.89°E, 8 May. 1949; M. Miyatake leg.; EUMJ. • 1 ♀; Ehime, Komi, Yanadani; 33.55°N, 133.01°E; 6 May. 1994 - 8 May. 1994; Ohbayashi, Nishino, Okada le.; EUMJ. • 1 ♀; Ehime, Matsuyama, Misaka-toge; 33.71°N, 132.85°E; 3 May. 1951; Yano T. leg.; EUMJ. • 1, sex unknown; Ehime, Matsuyama, Sugitate; 33.84°N, 132.79°E; 8 Ap. 1950; M. Miyatake leg.; EUMJ. • 1 ♀; Ehime,?Matsuyama, Shichidori; 33.84°N, 132.79°E; 3 May. 1952; Ide leg.; EUMJ. • 1 ♂; Ehime, Saijo, spring and mosses rocks; 33.75504°N, 133.15377°E; alt. 1480 m; 5 Jun. 2019; L.-P. Kolcsár leg.; CKLP. • 1 ♂; Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Sawara-ku, Itaya, Mt. Sefuri; 33.43811°N, 130.36673°E; alt. 970 m; 2 May. 2015; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♂; Ishikawa, Hakusan, near to Hakusan National Park; 36.25869°N, 136.72558°E; 678 m; 27 May. 2015; M. Kato leg.; CYI. • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Nagano, Ueda, Sanada-machi, Irikaruizawa; 36.47441°N, 138.25481°E; alt. 777 m; 16 May. 2012; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♂; Oita, Kokonoe, Tano; 33.11621°N, 131.23541°E; alt. 1150 m; 7 May. 2016; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♂; Okayama, Maniwa, Hiruzen-Kamifukuda, Nawashirodani-gawa River; 34.08837°N, 133.87994°E; alt. 600 m; 30 Apr. 2016; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 2 ♂, 1 ♀; Saga, Karatsu, Kyuragi-Hirano, Mt. Sakurei; 33.35701°N, 130.07038°E; alt. 862 m; 26 Apr. 2015; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♀; Saitama, Saitama; 35.88°N, 139.26°E; 29 May. 1919; R. Takahashi leg.; USNM. • 2 ♂, 1 ♀; Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Ikawa-touge; 35.24094°N, 138.28156°E; alt. 1471 m; 10 May. 2015; M. Kato leg.; •1 ♂; same locality; 18 May. 2016; Y. Imada leg.; CYI. • 1 ♂; Tokushima, Awa, Mt. Tsurugi; 33.87°N, 134.11°E; 31 May. 1950; Issiki-Ito leg.; USNM. • 2 ♂; Tokushima, Higashimiyoshi, Higashiyama, Ogawadani River; 34.08837°N, 133.87994°E; alt. 340 m; 21 Apr. 2014; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1 ♂; Tokushima, Miyoshi, Higashiiya-Ochiai, around Matsuogawa Dam; 33.96478°N, 133.93908°E; alt. 900 m; 30 Apr. 2016; D. Kato leg.; BLKU. • 1, sex unknown; Tokyo, Meguro; 35.62°N, 139.7°E; 8 Apr. 1919; R. Takahashi leg.; USNM. • 1 ♂; Tokyo, Mt. Mitake; 35.78°N, 139.14°E; 10 May. 1931; B. Oda leg.; USNM. • 1, sex unknown; Tokyo, Tokyo; 35.67°N, 139.69°E; 8 Apr. 1930; R. Takahashi leg.; USNM. • 1 ♂; Tottori, Kurayoshi, Sekigane-cho-Nozoe, Mt. Karasuga; 35.35352°N, 133.58577°E; alt. 1000 m; 17 May. 2015; D. Kato leg.; BLKU.

Triogma kuwanai limbinervis Alexander: Japan • 7 ♂ 1 ♀; Ehime, Matsuyama, small ruderal streem; 33.86328°N, 132.77157°E; alt. 125 m; 31 Mar. 2019; L.-P. Kolcsár leg.; CKLP. • 2 ♀; Ehime, Matsuyama, ruderal forest and orange plantation; 33.86041°N, 132.76552°E; alt. 84 m; 6 Apr. 2019; L.-P. Kolcsár leg.; CKLP.

Redescription.

Head. Rugose; ground colouration dark brown to black, with very intense greyish pubescence (Fig. 36B, C View Figure 36 ). Rostrum moderately long, with few short hairs; palpus greyish black, five segmented; last segment 1.4-1.6 × longer than penultimate in male, 1.2-1.3 × in female. Scape cylindrical, rugose, ~ 2 × as long as pedicel; pedicel ovate; flagellum 14 segmented monochrome greyish black (Figs 4G View Figure 4 , 36B, D View Figure 36 ). Male flagellomeres, except ultimate, expanded ventrally, covered with dense whitish grey sensilla, denser ventrally; ultimate flagellomere cylindrical, with several sensilla (Figs 4G View Figure 4 , 36B View Figure 36 ); female flagellomeres 1-5 or 6 extended ventrally, remaining flagellomeres fusiform to cylindrical; flagellomeres 1-10 or 11 bearing sparse whitish grey sensilla mostly on ventral side (Figs 4G View Figure 4 , 36E View Figure 36 ). Flagellomere with two long verticels on dorsal surface, two short on lateral face, and two short on ventral side; first flagellomere always bearing additional 1-4 verticels.

Thorax. Ground colouration dark brown to black, with very dense and intensive grey pruinosity, thorax appearing grey (Fig. 36A-C View Figure 36 ). Pleural area, wing base, and halter yellow to yellowish brown (Fig. 36B View Figure 36 ). Anterior part of mesonotum with rugose sutures (Fig. 36C View Figure 36 ); lateral margin of scutum rugose (Fig. 36A, B View Figure 36 ). Anterior half of mediotergite rugose (Fig. 36B View Figure 36 ). Katepisternum and metakatepisternum weakly rugose (Fig. 36B View Figure 36 ). Trochanter yellow to pale brown; femur gradually darkening apically, basally yellowish, apically black; tibia and tarsus uniformly black (Fig. 36A View Figure 36 ). Wing hyaline, tinged with pale brown; membrane with interference patterns, visible with dark background (Fig. 36A View Figure 36 ); pterostigma brown; veins yellow at base of wing, apically brownish; three branches of M reaching wing margin; M1 at same level as M1+2, cell a2 less than 6 × longer than wide (Fig. 5G, H View Figure 5 ); small, weakly infuscate areas around base and fork of Rs, at crossvein r-m (if present), at base of M1+2, at crossvein m-cu, M2, and crossvein m-m. Note: the early spring specimens from Shikoku Island have more intensive wing pattern (Fig. 5H View Figure 5 ), than the later spring specimens, or specimens collected in the other part of Japan (Fig. 5G View Figure 5 ). The pattern is more intensive in the living specimens, less prominent in the dead ones, and became paler after time.

Abdomen. Grey with reddish tinge, caudal half of tergites and sternites 8 and 9 darker. Abdominal plaques (external remnants of attachment sites of muscles in the pupa) shiny, punctuated (Fig. 36A View Figure 36 ).

Male terminalia: Reddish grey, directed caudally (Fig. 36A View Figure 36 ). Tergite 9 fused with gonocoxite at base, fusion suture present (Fig. 37C View Figure 37 ); tergite 9 with laterally directed, ear-like lobes in dorsal view (Fig. 37A View Figure 37 ), triangular or bird-head-shaped laterally (Fig. 37C View Figure 37 ); additional two very small, triangular lobe on posterior margin of tergite 9. Sternite 9 fully membranous (Fig. 37B View Figure 37 ). Gonocoxite large 1.5-1.6 × longer than tergite 9, without evident ventral lobe (Fig. 37B, C View Figure 37 ), small protuberance on ventral margin of gonocoxite in some specimen rarely present (Fig. 37C View Figure 37 see arrow). Gonostylus simple, generally tapering to distal end (Fig. 37A, C View Figure 37 ). Aedeagus complex very large, 1.5-1.7 × longer than gonocoxite (Fig. 37D-F View Figure 37 ); ejaculatory apodeme and sperm pump large, not covered by paramere in lateral view (Fig. 37D-F View Figure 37 ); interbase simple, tip rounded or sharp, with small lobe dorsally in lateral view (Fig. 37F View Figure 37 ); dorsal lobe between interbases, membranous, bubble-like; sperm ducts branching from elongation of sperm pump, area darkened (Fig. 37F View Figure 37 ); aedeagus 2 × as wide as interbase in lateral view; directed ventrally then turned dorsally, almost turning back anteriorly (Fig. 37F View Figure 37 ); trifid, medial branch shorter than lateral branches (Fig. 37D-E View Figure 37 ); tips of branches widened and flattened (Fig. 37D-F View Figure 37 ).

Female terminalia: Cercus and hypopygial valve pale brown (Fig. 36E View Figure 36 ). Tergite 8, ~ 1.5 × larger than tergite 9 in lateral view (Fig. 38B View Figure 38 ); very broad in dorsal view, not divided medially (Fig. 38A View Figure 38 ). Tergite 9 triangular in lateral view, with a small round lobe at middle, with few longer setae (Fig. 38A View Figure 38 ). Triangular sclerites of tergite 10 variable in size (Fig. 38A View Figure 38 ), in some specimens partly fused with tergite 10. Cercus simple, tip rounded or weakly pointed; dorsal margin weakly rugged, formed by small pyramidal teeth (Fig. 38A, B View Figure 38 ). Hypogynial valve long, blade-like, longer than cercus; with pit at base, holding lateral lobes of male tergite 9 during copulation (Fig. 38B View Figure 38 ). Common spermathecal duct short; spermathecal ducts wide, carrot-shaped, suddenly narrow; inner wall rugged (Fig. 38C View Figure 38 ); three round spermathecae, with very narrow duct (Fig. 38D View Figure 38 ).

Distribution.

Japan (Fig. 31B View Figure 31 ) (Hokkaido I, Honshu I, Shikoku I, and Kyushu I) ( Oosterbroek 2021). Distribution records of Triogma kuwanai limbinervis (Shikoku I) and T. nimbipennis transferred to Triogma kuwanai (China: Zhejiang and Fujian).

Comments.

Alexander (1953a) described the subspecies, Triogma kuwanai limbinervis , from Shikoku Island, of which wing markings in some individuals are more conspicuous than those of T. k. kuwanai . In the original description, Alexander noted, "there is evidence of mergence with the typical form - Triogma kuwanai kuwanai -, where the wings are unpatterned or virtually so" ( Alexander 1953a). Triogma k. limbinervis has been referred to as the T. limbinervis in the CCW (since 2018) due to its sympatric occurrence with Triogma kuwanai in Shikoku Island. This study suggests that wing markings, the diagnostic character of T. k. limbinervis (Fig. 5H View Figure 5 ), appear only in early spring specimens from Shikoku and Kyushu Islands, but do not after early spring in later specimens. It is also observed that wing marking turns paler over time. Some specimens from northern Honshu occasionally have pale wing markings, as well, suggesting variation. These two subspecies do not significantly differ in terms of male and female terminalia, and were not distinguished as different by the barcode sequences. Triogma k. limbinervis syn. nov. is therefore synonymised with Triogma kuwanai . Another closely related species T. nimbipennis Alexander, 1941, was described from China (Zhejiang and Fujian) ( Alexander 1941). This species is quite similar to T. kuwanai , and shows a subtle difference in the colour tint: particularly, the wings of T. nimbipennis are darker than those of T. kuwanai . Alexander (1941) mentioned that T. nimbipennis can be considered as a subspecies of T. kuwanai . After the morphological comparison of the type specimens of T. nimbipennis with T. kuwanai , the two species were found not to differ in genital structure, and so T. nimbipennis syn. nov. is proposed as a junior synonym of Triogma kuwanai .

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Diptera

Family

Cylindrotomidae

Genus

Triogma

Loc

Triogma kuwanai (Alexander, 1913)

Kolcsar, Levente-Peter, Paramonov, Nikolai, Imada, Yume, Kato, Daichi, Gamboa, Maribet, Shinoka, Dai, Kato, Makoto & Watanabe, Kozo 2022
2022
Loc

Triogma kuwanai limbinervis

Alexander 1953
1953
Loc

Triogma kuwanai limbinervis

Alexander 1953
1953
Loc

Triogma limbinervis

Alexander 1953
1953
Loc

Triogma nimbipennis

Alexander 1941
1941
Loc

Triogma nimbipennis

Alexander 1941
1941
Loc

Liogma kuwanai

Alexander 1913
1913