Hierodula Burmeister, 1838

Schwarz, Christian J. & Konopik, Oliver, 2014, An annotated checklist of the praYing mantises (Mantodea) of Borneo, including the results of the 2008 scientific expedition to Lanjak Entimau Wildlife SanctuarY, Sarawak, Zootaxa 3797 (1), pp. 130-168 : 149-150

Hierodula Burmeister, 1838

= Ephierodula Giglio-Tos, 1912

= Parhierodula Giglio-Tos, 1912

Highly diversified, taxonomically difficult genus in urgent need of revision, distributed with 104 species over the S Palearctic, Oriental and Australo-Papuan region. Paraphyletic with respect to Rhombodera Burmeister, 1838 , Tamolanica Werner, 1923 and other related genera. Sixteen species currently known from Borneo. Generalist ambush hunter, exhibiting green/brown polyphenism. Arboricolous, also on high weeds and scrubs, in forests and disturbed habitats.

Hierodula venosa ( Olivier, 1792)

Mantis venosa Olivier, 1792

= Mantis conspurcata Lichtenstein, 1796

= Mantis punctata Stoll, 1813 (f)

= Mantis vitrea Stoll, 1813 (m)

= Mantis (Hierodula) hybrida Burmeister, 1838

= Mantis bankae Giebel, 1861

= Mantis similis Giebel, 1861

= Hierodula novemdentata Saussure, 1869

= Hierodula athene Rehn, 1909

Distribution. India, Myanmar, Sumatra, Nias, Java, Borneo, Labuan, Sulawesi, S Philippines ( Giglio-Tos, 1912, 1927, Hebard 1920, Werner 1921, 1933, Beier 1958, Ehrmann 2002).

Bornean records. Sarawak: Kuching (CS in situ), Lanjak Entimau (1 m, CSUB); Sabah: Crocker Range ( AFUW), N Sabah ( AFUW), Pulau Gaya ( AFUW), Kalabakan (OK in situ), Poring Hot Springs ( SMNK), Sandakan ( Hebard 1920), Labuan Island ( Hebard 1920); Kalimantan: Samarinda ( Werner 1931 b).

Remarks. H. venosa is one of the most widespread and most variable species of this genus within the Sunda Archipelago, as it becomes obvious from its long list of synonyms. Additional names might still be attributable to this species, such as H. vitreoides Giglio-Tos, 1912 , as suggested by Hebard (1920). However, the validity of the synonymous taxa should be re-evaluated.

Hierodula gracilicollis Stål, 1877

= Hierodula stigmata Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1898

Distribution. Thailand (?), Borneo, Labuan ( Hebard 1920, Giglio-Tos 1927, Ehrmann 2002). Bornean records. Sarawak: Mt. Dulit ( Beier 1937); Sabah: Mt. Kinabalu (Brunner von Wattenwyl 1898; OK

in situ), Maliau Basin (OK in situ), Poring Hot Springs ( SMNK), Labuan Island ( Hebard 1920). Remarks. The specimen from Thailand mentioned by Rehn (1903) is considered by Giglio-Tos (1927) to belong to a different species. The synonymy of H. stigmata Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1898, not mentioned in Ehrmann (2002), was established by Kirby (1904) and confirmed by Hebard (1920).

Hierodula dyaka Westwood, 1889

Distribution. NE India, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo ( Westwood 1889, Werner 1933, Beier 1958, Ehrmann 2002).

Bornean records. Sarawak: Lanjak Entimau: (1 m, SFDC), Mt. Dulit ( Beier 1937); Brunei: Kuala Belalong (OK in situ); Sabah: Poring Hot Springs ( Helmkampf et al. 2007; SMNK), Danum Valley ( Helmkampf et al. 2007), N Sabah ( AFUW), Sorinsim ( AFUW).

Hierodula modesta modesta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1898

Distribution. Borneo, Sulawesi (Brunner von Wattenwyl 1898, Giglio-Tos 1927, Ehrmann 2002). Bornean records. Sarawak: Baram River (Brunner von Wattenwyl 1898).

Hierodula everetti Kirby, 1904

= Hierodula notata Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1898 (nec Stoll, 1813)

Distribution. N Borneo, Flores (?) (Brunner von Wattenwyl 1898, Kirby 1904, Giglio-Tos 1912).

Bornean record. Sabah: Mt. Kinabalu (Brunner von Wattenwyl 1898).

Remarks. There is some confusion in the literature between this species and Mantis notata Stoll, 1813 (m). The latter is regarded as a synonym of H. unimaculata ( Olivier, 1792) ( Beier 1935 c, Ehrmann 2002, Otte & Spearman 2005). H. everetti was chosen by Kirby (1904) as replacement name for H. notata Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1898 to resolve the homonymy to Mantis notata Stoll, 1813 . Ehrmann (2002) treats H. everetti as valid, but erroneously considers Brunner v. Wattenwyl (1898) to have credited Stoll’s species, so he assigns H. notata ( Stoll, 1813) as its synonym. The locality “ Flores ” given in Kirby (1904) needs confirmation.

Hierodula heteroptera ( Werner, 1906)

Polyspilota heteroptera Werner, 1906

= Hierodula inermis Werner, 1911

Distribution. Malay Peninsula, Sunda Islands, Kei Islands ( Werner 1911, 1916, 1933, Giglio-Tos 1912, Ehrmann 2002).

Bornean records. Kalimantan: Balikpapan ( Werner 1921), Long Navang ( Werner 1930), Long Peleben ( ZMB).

Remarks. There is also a photographic record of this species from Danum Valley, Sabah (Drescher, pers. comm.).

Hierodula dubia ( Giglio-Tos, 1912)

Parhierodula dubia Giglio-Tos, 1912

Distribution. S Kalimantan ( Giglio-Tos 1912, 1927).

Hierodula cuchingina Giglio-Tos, 1917

Distribution. Borneo: Sarawak: Kuching (Giglio-Tos 1917); Sabah: Sorinsim ( AFUW).

Hierodula quadripunctata Werner, 1930

Distribution. Borneo: Sarawak: Mt. Dulit ( Werner 1930).

Hierodula borneana Werner, 1933

Distribution. Borneo ( Werner 1933).

Brunei: Kuala Belalong (OK in situ); Sabah: Sorinsim ( AFUW); Kalimantan: Long Petak ( Werner 1933).

Hierodula dolichoptera Werner, 1933

Distribution. E Borneo: Kalimantan: Long Petak ( Werner 1933).

Hierodula microdon Werner, 1933

Distribution. Borneo ( Werner 1933).