Rhynchosia mantaroensis var. cuprinervia Grear, Mem.

Bezerra, Luísa Maria De Paula Alves, Cândido, Elisa Silva, Vargas, Wanderleia De, Torke, Benjamin Marland, Lewis, Gwilym Peter & Perez, Ana Paula Fortuna, 2024, Taxonomic revision of Rhynchosia Lour. (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Phaseoleae) in South America, Phytotaxa 643 (1), pp. 1-67 : 40-41

17.2. Rhynchosia mantaroensis var. cuprinervia Grear, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1(1): 40–43. 1978. Type:— PERU, Cajamarca, Celedin, Rocky hillsides, 4 km east of Celedin on road to Balsas , at first creek crossing in hills above town, May 1964 (fl.), P. C. Hutchison & J. K. Wright 5164 (Holotype: UC 1347746 [digital image!]; isotypes: F 0043760F [digital image!], G 00367759 [digital image!], GH 00063823 [digital image!], K 000502952 [digital image!], MICH 1104296 [digital image!], MO 277412 [digital image!], NY 00026950[!], P 02748515 [digital image!], US 00170459 [digital image!]). ( Figs. 4 F–G ; 10 C–F )

Stems pilose, tomentulose or pubescent, not becoming glabrous with age. Stipules 4–6.5 × 1–3 mm, externally pubescent to tomentose with yellow vesicular glands. Leaflets 2.3–8.2 × 1.5–4.8 cm, ovate to deltoid, acute to acuminate at apex, obtuse to rounded at base, densely tomentose. Inflorescences 12.2–29.5 cm long, pedicels 0.5–1.5 mm long. Calyx 7–10 cm long, pubescent with yellow and black vesicular glands. Fruits 1.8–2.8 × 0.5–0.8 cm, pubescent, covered by bulbous-based trichomes.

Nomenclatural and taxonomic notes: — Grear (1978) established the variety R. mantaroensis var. cuprinervia based on its more robust leaves, pubescent fruits and inflorescences of larger, more crowded flowers than the typical variety ( Figs. 4 F–G ; 10 C–F ). Additional characters that differentiate R. mantaroensis var. cuprinervia from the typical variety are included in the identification key to the varieties of R. mantaroensis .

Reproductive phenology:— Flowering in January and from April to November; fruiting from May to July and in August.

Distribution and habitat: — Rhynchosia mantaroensis var. cuprinervia occurs in Ecuador and northern Peru ( Fig. 11 ). It grows on limestones slopes, along roadsides, in pastures and degraded and fragmented forests.

Conservation status: —Least concern (LC). With an EOO of 84,649 km 2 (GeoCAT, accessed in May 2022), R. mantaroensis var. cuprinervia is classified as LC following the IUCN red list criteria ( IUCN 2022). The variety is common in ruderal areas, such as along roadsides, pastures and degraded environments.

Selected Specimens Examined:— ECUADOR. Cañar: Azogues, Parroquia Javier Loyola , 30 July 1991 (fl./fr.), C. E. Cerón 15781 ( NY) . Loja: Cerro de Chilla, Saraguru-Manú , 02 May 1994 (fl./fr.), P. M. Jorgensen et al. 686 ( NY) . “ Vicinity of Tablon de Ona ”, 27 September 1918 (fl.), J. N. Rose A. Pachano & G. Rose 23112 ( NY) . PERU.

Amazonas: Bongorá , 17 August 1963 (fl./fr.), R. Ferreyra & C. Acleto 15209 ( NY) ; Chachapoyas , Leimebamba , Afuera del pueblo Yerbabuena, rumbo a Chachapoyas, 7 July 2001 (fl./fr.), A. F. Salinas s.n. ( NY) ; ibid., rocky slopes of Caño Santa Lucia just east of Chachapoyas, 28 May 1962 (fl.), J. J. Wurdack 570 ( NY) ; ibid., Utcubamba River Valley between Tingo and Samanaga, 26 May 1984 (fl.), D. N. Smith & J. Cabanillas 7144 ( NY) . Cajamarca : Cajabamba, alrededores de Cajabamba, 18 November 1983 (fl.), A. Sagástegui et al. 11236 ( NY) ; Cajamarca , Cochambul, ruta Cajamarca-San Marcos, arriba de Llacanora, 15 June 1976 (fl.), I. Sánchez & J. Sanchéz 1921 ( NY) ; ibid., Km 31 on hwy from near Pacasmayo to Cajamarca, 4 January 1983 (fl.), W. D. Stevens 22063 ( NY) ; Chota , 2-3 km E of village of El Campamento, ca. 20 km NW of Huambos, 22 April 1993 (fl.), M. O. Dillon et al. 6458 ( NY) ; Contumazá , El Chorillo, 14 May 1994 (fl.), A. Sagástesi, S. Leiva & P. Lezama 15255 ( NY) ; Jaén , Carretera entre Sallique y la Unión, 18 July 1998 (fl./fr.), C. Diaz, T. Guevara & E. Tineo 9870 ( NY) ; San Miguel , entre lives y Payac, 11 May 1977 (fl.), A. Sagástegui, J. Mostacero & E. Alvitez 8796 ( NY) ; San Pablo , lugar entre Sangal por la Carretera Chilete-San Pablo, 5 June 1982 (fl./fr.), J. Sanchéz 9882 ( NY) . La Liberdad: Huamachuco , Yanasara, 28 May 1962 (fl.), J. Infantes 2132 ( NY) . Lambayeque : Lambayeque , Abra de Porculla , entre Olmos e Jaen, 28 June 1959 (fl.), R. Ferreyra 13754 ( NY) ; ibid., La Calle, Penachi , 19 October 1985 (fl.), S. L. Quiroz 1436 ( NY) .

Figures

FIGURE 4. Detailed structures of Rhynchosia species. A–B. Portion of the stem and detail of fruit of R. burkartii. C. Stem of R. caaguazuensis showing the leaflets shape and inflorescences. D–E. Fruit of R. erythrinoides. F, G. Portion of the stem and detail of fruit of R. mantaroensis var. cuprinervia. (Illustrated by Klei Souza).

FIGURE 10. Rhynchosia species. A, B. R. lineata. C–F. R. mantaroensis var. cuprinervia. G–J. R. melanocarpa. K–N. R. minima. (A, B by A. Mailhos); (C–F by R. Ripley) and (G–N by T. C. Monteiro).

FIGURE 11. Geographical distribution of Rhynchosia mantaroensis var. mantaroensis, R. mantaroensis var. cuprinervia, R. melanocarpa and R. mineira in South America.