Bougainvilliidae Lütken, 1850

Castro Mendonça, Luana M., Parisotto Guimarães, Carmen R. & Haddad, Maria A., 2022, Taxonomy and diversity of hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Sergipe, Northeast Brazil, Zoologia (e 21032) 39, pp. 1-65 : 9-10

Bougainvilliidae Lütken, 1850 Bimeria vestita Wright, 1859 Fig. 4A–B

Synonyms available from: Schuchert (2007).

Bimeria vestita Wright, 1859: 109 , pl. 8 fig. 4, Migotto, 1996: 9, fig. 2a, b, Marques et al., 2000: 322, figs 1–3.

Eudendrium vestitum Allman, 1888: 3 , pl. 1 fig. 1 and 1a, Marques et al., 2000: 322, synonym.

Bimeria humilis Allman, 1877: 8 , pl. 5 figs 3, 4, Marques et al., 2000: 322, synonym, Fraser, 1944: 49, fig. 17.

Description: Colonies erect, branched or not, up to 2 cm high. Stem monosiphonic, 43–97 µm in diameter, thinner in the basal portion, expanding towards the distal portion, not branched or irregularly branched alternately. Perisarc is moderately thick, wrinkled, and annulated at the base of the pedicels, extending over the hydranth as a thin layer covering the base of the tentacles and hypostome, forming a pseudohydrotheca. Hydranth vase-shaped, 0.25–0.58 mm high, 0.16–0.42 mm wide, arising from a long pedicel, with a conical hypostome. One whorl of 6 to 9 filiform tentacles. Female gonophores as fixed sporosacs with a single egg, 0.12–0.39 mm high, 0.08–0.21 mm wide, arising alternately below the hydranth in short and annulated pedicels, in number from 1 to 6 at each hydranth pedicel.

Material examined: PCS – abundant colonies with and without gonophores from the dry and rainy seasons; VB – abundant colonies with and without gonophores from the dry season; SE – few infertile colonies from the dry season. CZUFS CNI-00001; CNI-00042; CNI-00059; CNI-00077; CNI-00234; CNI-00235; CNI-00271.

Stations: PCS – 1, 4, 5, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17; VB – C1P12, C1P34, C2P34, C3P34; SE – C1P12, C1P56.

Bottom: gravel, sand, and mud.

Distribution: Brazil – Ceará (Shimabukuro et al. 2006, Marques et al. 2006), Fernando de Noronha ( Amaral et al. 2009), Bahia ( Kelmo and Santa-Isabel 1998), Espírito Santo ( Grohmann et al. 1997), Rio de Janeiro ( Grohmann et al. 2011), São Paulo ( Migotto 1996, Oliveira et al. 2006, Oliveira and Marques 2011, Silveira and Morandini 2011, Fernandez et al. 2014, 2015), Paraná ( Bumbeer and Rocha 2012), and Santa Catarina ( Miranda et al. 2011, Bouzon et al. 2012, Alaja-Batista et al. 2020). World distribution – reported as a cosmopolitan species ( Millard 1975), but it is unlikely to occur in cold and Arctic waters ( Schuchert 2007). The species can be considered as circumglobal in shallow, warm to temperate waters ( Calder 2010) with records from the Pacific Ocean, several regions of the Western Atlantic (e.g. Colombia, Venezuela, and Argentina), Europe, South Africa, and the Indian Ocean ( Schuchert 2007, Oliveira et al. 2016).

Remarks: The PCS material was formed, mainly, by stems without hydranths, even those with gonophores. The PCS colonies were found on Bryozoa, Anthozoa ( Carijoa sp. ), and the hydroid Sertularelloides cylindritheca . Estuarine colonies were found on the plates, Ostreidae, Ascidiacea , and the hydroids Corydendrium parasiticum and Pennaria disticha .

Bougainvillia muscus (Allman, 1863) Fig. 4E

Synonyms available from: Schuchert (2007).

Perigonymus muscus Allman, 1863: 12 .

Bougainvillia maniculata Haeckel, 1864: 327 ; –Vannucci and Rees, 1961: 71.

Bougainvillia ramosa – Vannucci, 1957; –Vannucci and Rees, 1961: 82.

Description: Colonies stolonal or erect, unbranched, slightly branched or well-branched tree-shaped, up to 19 mm high. Stem thin, 76–92 µm wide, monosiphonic, branched (in upright colonies) somewhat alternately. Perisarc moderately thick, encrusted with silt, wrinkled mainly at the base of branches, extending to the base of the hydranth, forming a pseudohydrotheca. Hydranth cylindrical (when distended) or spindle-shaped (when contracted), 0.19– 0.17 mm high, 0.11–0.16 mm wide. Hypostome rounded to conical. One whorl of 8–12 long filiform tentacles. Female sporosacs oval or rounded in shape, each with a single egg, 0.18–0.23 mm high, 0.09–0.17 mm wide, arising from short pedicels on the main stem or branches just below the hydranths, individually or in groups of up to eight gonophores.

Material examined: VB – few infertile colonies from the dry and rainy seasons; SE – few colonies, one of them with gonophores, from the dry season. CZUFS CNI-00043; CNI-00078; CNI-00079.

Stations: VB – C1P12, C1P34, C1P56, C2P12; SE – C1P12, C1P56, C2P34, C2P56, C3P12, C3P34.

Distribution: Brazil – Sergipe (medusa, as Bougainvillia ramosa, Araújo 2006 , Araújo et al. 2008), São Paulo ( Silveira and Morandini 2011, Fernandez et al. 2014, 2015), Paraná ( Bumbeer and Rocha 2012), and Santa Catarina ( Bouzon et al. 2012). World distribution – a widely distributed species, perhaps due to human activity ( Schuchert 2007), with records from shallow waters of Eastern and Western Atlantic, Mediterranean, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean ( Schuchert 2007, Calder 2010, Oliveira et al. 2016).

Remarks: Colonies found on the plate, Bryozoa, Ostreidae , Polychaeta tubes, barnacles (Cirripedia), Ascidiacea, and the hydroid Pennaria dsticha .

Calyptospadix cerulea Clarke, 1882 Fig. 4C–D

Calyptospadix cerulea Clarke, 1882: 136 , pl. 7, figs 1–9.

Bimeria franciscana Torrey, 1902: 28 , pl. 1, fig. 4.

not Bimeria franciscana –Joyce, 1961: 36, pl. 5, fig. 3, 4 [= Bimeria humilis Allman, 1877 ].

Garveia franciscana –Garman et al. 2011: 71.

Calyptospadix cerulea –Calder, 2019: 22-23, fig. 2e.

Description: Colonies erect, up to 12 mm high, irregularly divided into several orders, arising from a creeping and branched hydrorhiza.Stem monosiphonic, 73–98 µm wide, usually bearing hydranths at the apex. Many groups of colonies were so intertwined that it was not possible to individualize them. Reproductive stolonal polyps were also found. Perisarc smooth, covered with silt, and annulated at the base of the main stem and/or at the base of the branches, extending over the hydranth, forming a pseudohydroteca. Hydranths fusiform, 0.22–0.35 mm high, 0.08–0.26 mm wide. Hypostome conical. One whorl of 6 to 8 filiform tentacles. Female sporosacs ovoid, each with a single egg, 0.17–0.28 mm high, 0.08–0.2 mm wide, appearing on pedicels with or without hydranths. One to eight gonophores per branch.

Material examined: VB – abundant colonies with and without gonophores from the dry and rainy seasons; SE – abundant infertile colonies from the dry and rainy seasons; JB – one infertile colony from the dry season. CZUFS CNI-00044; CNI-00080; CNI-00081; CNI-00082; CNI-00083.

Station: VB – C1P12, C1P34, C1P56, C2P12, C2P34, C2P56, C3P12, C3P34; SE – C1P12, C1P34, C2P12, C2P56, C3P12, C3P34, C3P56; JB – C3P56.

Distribution: The species is an estuarine endemic. Brazil – Pernambuco ( Calder and Maÿal 1998), São Paulo ( Alaja-Batista et al. 2020), and Paraná ( Cangussu et al. 2010, Bumbeer and Rocha 2012). World distribution – widely distributed with records from Eastern and Western Atlantic, Mediterranean, Indian Ocean, and Pacific coasts (Shuchert 2007).

Taxonomic remarks: Recently, Calder (2019) made a comparative evaluation between Garveia franciscana (Torrey, 1902) and Calypsospadix cerulea Clarke, 1882 and concluded that they are not morphologically different, suggesting the use of the name C. cerulea according to the Principle of Priority.

Remarks: Abundant colonies were found in both sampled periods. Found colonizing the plates, Bryozoa, Ostreidae , Polychaeta tubes, barnacles (Cirripedia), Ascidiacea, and the hydroids Corydendrium parasiticum , Eudendrium merulum , Pennaria disticha , and Plumularia floridana .

Figures

Figure 4. (A-B) Bimeria vestita: (A) general view of a stem with hydranths and gonophores; (B) detail of the distal region of the stem showing the hydranths and gonophores (red arrows); (C-D) Calyptospadix cerulea: (C) detail of the stem showing hydranths and gonophores (red arrows); (D) general view of a colony; (E) Bougainvillia muscus: detail of a stem showing hydranths and gonophores (red arrows); (F-G) Dicoryne sp.: (F) detail of a polyp with hydranths and gonophores (red arrows); (G) general view of a colony.