Moldenhawera Schrad., Goett . Gel. Anz. 1: 718. 1821.

Bruneau, Anne, de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Ringelberg, Jens J., Borges, Leonardo M., Bortoluzzi, Roseli Lopes da Costa, Brown, Gillian K., Cardoso, Domingos B. O. S., Clark, Ruth P., Conceicao, Adilva de Souza, Cota, Matheus Martins Teixeira, Demeulenaere, Else, de Stefano, Rodrigo Duno, Ebinger, John E., Ferm, Julia, Fonseca-Cortes, Andres, Gagnon, Edeline, Grether, Rosaura, Guerra, Ethiene, Haston, Elspeth, Herendeen, Patrick S., Hernandez, Hector M., Hopkins, Helen C. F., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, Hughes, Colin E., Ickert-Bond, Stefanie M., Iganci, Joao, Koenen, Erik J. M., Lewis, Gwilym P., de Lima, Haroldo Cavalcante, de Lima, Alexandre Gibau, Luckow, Melissa, Marazzi, Brigitte, Maslin, Bruce R., Morales, Matias, Morim, Marli Pires, Murphy, Daniel J., O'Donnell, Shawn A., Oliveira, Filipe Gomes, Oliveira, Ana Carla da Silva, Rando, Juliana Gastaldello, Ribeiro, Petala Gomes, Ribeiro, Carolina Lima, Santos, Felipe da Silva, Seigler, David S., da Silva, Guilherme Sousa, Simon, Marcelo F., Soares, Marcos Vinicius Batista & Terra, Vanessa, 2024, Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae. Part 2: Higher-level classification, PhytoKeys 240, pp. 1-552 : 1

Moldenhawera Schrad., Goett. Gel. Anz. 1: 718. 1821.

Figs 79 , 80 , 81 , 82

Dolichonemia Nees, Flora 4 (19): 303. 1821. Type: Dolichonemia speciosa Nees [= Moldenhawera floribunda Schrad.]

Type.

Moldenhawera floribunda Schrad.

Description.

Trees or shrubs, the young branches often rust-coloured with T-shaped trichomes. Stipules often pinnate. Leaves paripinnate; bipinnate, partially bipinnate; leaflets opposite. Inflorescences in terminal corymbiform racemes, fasciculate or solitary; bracts and bracteoles setaceous, caducous. Flowers apparently radially symmetrical, but essentially bilaterally symmetrical because of the single large fertile stamen; hypanthium infilled; sepals (4) 5, free; petals (4) 5, yellow, rarely pink ( M. acuminata Afr. Fern. & P. Bezerra), clawed, the margins crimped; androecium dimorphic, fertile stamen 1, filament elongated, connective hairy, anther dehiscing through longitudinal slits, staminodes 7 or 9, filaments short or elongated, anthers dehiscing by longitudinal slits or pores, or indehiscent; pollen grains in monads, perforate to an almost vermiculate-reticulate tectum, scabrate-punctate; ovary sessile, stigma truncate. Fruit a dehiscent, linear, compressed legume, the two valves woody and coiling at dehiscence, 4-8-seeded. Seeds ovate to oblong, compressed.

Chromosome number.

Unknown.

Included species and geographic distribution.

Twelve species and one variety, exclusively in Brazil, mostly along the eastern Atlantic coast (Bahia, Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro states), but two species are in montane areas of inland Bahia and Minas Gerais states and one species is in northern Brazil ( Maranhão and Piauí states) (Fig. 82 ).

Ecology.

Most species occur in the Atlantic Forest, commonly in moist coastal forest or associated with coastal vegetation on sand soil (restinga). Three species occur in savanna vegetation, mainly in rocky grasslands.

Etymology.

The genus is named after Johann Jakob Moldenhawer (1766-1827), German professor of botany at Kiel and one of the founders of plant anatomy.

Human uses.

The yellow densely flowered inflorescences make the genus potentially of interest as an ornamental for gardens and as street trees. The red timber from M. intermedia G.P. Lewis & L.P. Queiroz is used for furniture ( Lewis and Queiroz 2010).

Notes.

Moldenhawera is characterised by the Malpighiaceae -like bilaterally symmetrical flowers, hypanthium infilled and the unusual androecium with a single fertile stamen with bearded connective and seven or nine short staminodes. The genus presents variation in the leaf division, with pinnate and/or bipinnate leaves, sometimes in the same species. The last taxonomic revision of the genus, including a key to all species, was provided by Vivas and Queiroz (2020).

Taxonomic references.

Lewis and Queiroz (2010); Queiroz et al. (1999); Vivas and Queiroz (2020); Yakovlev (1975).

Figures

Figure 79. Vegetative morphology of Sclerolobieae A Moldenhawera nutans L. P. Queiroz, G. P. Lewis & Allkin shrubby individual in a Restinga sand dune field B Diptychandra aurantiaca (Mart.) Tul. tree in a Caatinga seasonally dry setting C Arapatiella psilophylla (Harms) R. S. Cowan flowering tree D Tachigali amplifolia (Ducke) Barneby large, buttressed tree E Jacqueshuberia purpurea Ducke pinnate stipule F leaf G detail of a leaf H Tachigali rugosa (Mart. ex Benth.) Zarucchi & Pipoly leaf with characteristic inversely symmetrical leaflets I, J Tachigali sp. details of leaf domatia K, L variation in stipule shape. Photo credits A, C, E-L D Cardoso B RT Queiroz https: // rubens-plantasdobrasil. blogspot. com / D I Huamantupa.

Figure 80. Floral morphology of Sclerolobieae A Moldenhawera lushnathiana Yakovlev highly branched inflorescence B Moldenhawera nutans L. P. Queiroz, G. P. Lewis & Allkin flowering branch, showing the typical navicular leaves with rust-coloured leaflet abaxial surface C flowers D Diptychandra aurantiaca (Mart.) Tul. flowering branch E inflorescence F Arapatiella psilophylla (Harms) R. S. Cowan inflorescences G flowers H Jacqueshuberia purpurea Ducke flower I Tachigali macrostachya Huber candelabrum-like inflorescences J Tachigali amarumayu Huamantupa, H. C. Lima & D. B. O. S. Cardoso densely paniculate inflorescences K Tachigali paraensis (Huber) Barneby radially symmetrical flowers L Tachigali paniculata Aubl. bilaterally symmetrical flowers M Tachigali macrostachya bilaterally symmetrical flowers. Photo credits A LP Queiroz B, C, F, G, I, K-M D Cardoso J I Huamantupa D, E RT Queiroz https: // rubens-plantasdobrasil. blogspot. com / H M Cohn-Haft.

Figure 81. Fruit morphology of Sclerolobieae A Moldenhawera polysperma (Vell.) Stellfeld old fruit valves B Diptychandra aurantiaca (Mart.) Tul. fruits C fruit opened showing the characteristic winged seed D Arapatiella psilophylla (Harms) R. S. Cowan immature fruit E Jacqueshuberia purpurea Ducke immature fruits F Tachigali macrostachya Huber immature fruits G Tachigali rugosa (Mart. ex Benth.) Zarucchi & Pipoly mature fruits. Photo credits A C Vivas B, C RT Queiroz https: // rubens-plantasdobrasil. blogspot. com / D-F D Cardoso G LP Queiroz.

Figure 82. Distribution of Moldenhawera based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data.