Schizanthus grahamii Gillies ex Hook., Bot. Mag. 58: tab. 3044. 1831

Morales-Fierro, Vanezza, Munoz-Schick, Melica & Moreira-Munoz, Andres, 2020, Synopsis of Schizanthus Ruiz & Pav. (Solanaceae), a genus endemic to the southern Andes, PhytoKeys 154, pp. 57-102 : 57

9. Schizanthus grahamii Gillies ex Hook., Bot. Mag. 58: tab. 3044. 1831 Fig. 4E-H

Schizanthus retusus Hook., Bot. Mag. 58: tab. 3045. 1831.

Schizanthus gilliesii Phil., Linnaea 29(1): 28. 1858.

Schizanthus araucanus Phil., Anal. Univ. Chile 91: 121. 1895.

Schizanthus diazii Phil., Anal. Univ. Chile 91: 122. 1895, as " diazi ".

Schizanthus grahamii var. araucanus (Phil.) Reiche, Anal. Univ. Chile 125: 478. 1909.

Type.

Argentina. Mendoza: On the Mendoza side of the cordillera of the Andes at an elevation of about 9000 feet, J. Gillies s.n. (neotype designated by Grau and Gronbach 1984, pg. 124 [as type]: K! [K000585353]).

Taxonomic notes.

The original description mentions that the species was grown in the private garden of Mr. Boog in Portobello, raised from seeds collected by Gillies in Chile. Together with the description, an illustration by Dr. Greville was published.

The species was described and validly published by W.J. Hooker in 1831, while he was working as a professor of botany in Glasgow. Therefore, the material seen by him should be found at GL (now on permanent loan to E), although, some of his types were moved to K when he was appointed director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew ( Stafleu and Cowan 1979). We have searched for cultivated specimens of the species on these herbaria and we have not found specimens that could be linked to the protologue. However, we have found a cultivated specimen at GH [00077407], labelled at the top right corner as " S. grahamii Gillies ". The smaller branch on the sheet, located at the right bottom corner says " Mr. Boog’s Garden Portobello 30th July 1830 ". In this case, the place and date of flowering corresponds with the data given in the original description. The other three branches on the sheet were labelled as " Native specimens from Dr. Gillies 26 Augt 1830 ". We think this refers to the date of collection at Portobello, because Gillies was in South America until 1828. In our opinion, the specimen at GH cannot be considered as original material because we cannot be sure if it was seen by the author of the species.

Here we accept the inadvertent neotypification made by Grau and Gronbach (1984: 128), as they selected a specimen of the species that was collected by Gillies in the Andes of Mendoza [K000585353]. This selection does not look obvious as the protologue mentions Chile as the place where the seeds were collected. However, at the time when Gillies collected the material, Mendoza was associated with the administrative area called Corregimiento de Cuyo, controlled by the Capitanía General de Chile. In a previous publication, Cosa (2013: 316) cited the same sample at K as holotype of S. grahamii . We think this is not correct, as the holotype of the species corresponds to a cultivated sample.

Key characters.

The upper middle corolla lobe is almost completely yellow, except for the apex and it looks bigger than the other segments of the corolla. Often confused with S. hookeri , because of its geographical distribution and the corolla form. However, the flower has short stamens, that barely protrude from the corolla tube and the lower middle lobe is attenuated into two short pointed apex.

Distribution.

Southern Andean, endemic from Argentina and Chile. In Chile it grows from the Metropolitan Region (Province of Santiago, 33°25' lat. S) to Biobío, while on the Argentinian side it inhabits the Provinces of Mendoza and Neuquén (Department of Catan Lil, 39°20' lat. S). 1200-2900 m a.s.l.

Habitat.

Schizanthus grahamii is abundant in areas close to watercourses, such as lakes, rivers or quebradas. It grows among rocks or in loose stony places, also located at the bases of hillsides, where it is common to find scree slopes and alluvial plains. It seems to grow very well in shady places (south-facing slopes), dominated by Acaena splendens Hook. & Arn. ( Rosaceae ), Calceolaria hypericina Poepp. ex Benth. ( Calceolariaceae ), Calceolaria dentata Ruiz & Pav. ( Calceolariaceae ), Glandularia berteroi (Schauer) Muñoz-Schick ( Verbenaceae ) and in places by thickets of Diostea juncea (Gillies & Hook. ex Hook.) Miers ( Verbenaceae ) and among low shrubby vegetation.

Conservation.

Argentina. Neuquén: Epu-Lauquén Protected Natural Area.

Chile. Metropolitana: Río Clarillo National Reserve, El Morado Natural Monument; Biobío: Laguna del Laja National Park ( Rondanelli et al. 2000).

Selected specimens examined.

Argentina. Mendoza: [ Malargüe Department] De Ruta Nacional 40 a Valle de Las Leñas, 35°10'36"S, 69°49'60"W, 22 Nov 2010, F.O. Zuloaga, D.L. Salariato, C.A. Zanotti & L. Zavala 12337 (SI); RP 226, de Las Loicas a termas del Azufre, camino hacia las termas, 35°20'56"S, 70°17'44"W, 2002 m a.s.l., 19 Jan 2018, D.L. Salariato, L. Aagesen, J.M. Acosta & A. Martínez 100 (SI); Neuquén: [Huiliches Department] Lagunas de Epu-lauquén, 36°49'8"S, 71°3'10"W, 1520 m a.s.l., 26 Nov 2010, F.O. Zuloaga, D.L. Salariato, C.A. Zanotti & L. Zavala 12517 (SI) [Minas Department] Laguna Varvarco Campos, 36°25'27"S, 70°37'9"W, 1959 m a.s.l., 15 Feb 2007, J. Chiapella, G.E. Barbosa, F. Chiarini & M. Matesevach 1865 (SI);

Chile. Metropolitana: [Cordillera Province] Along the Embalse El Yeso, along the access road 4 km upstream from the dam, 33°35-40'S, 70°10-15'W, 2510 m a.s.l., 14 Jan 1993, C.M. Taylor & R.E. Gereau 10927 (ASU, CONC, SGO); Río Volcán - Cajón del Morado, 33°46'41"S, 70°2'32"W, 2580 m a.s.l., 29 Jan 2009, S. Teillier, F. Romero, I. Goic & X. Romero 5628A (CONC); Laguna Negra ribera Este, 33°38'51"S, 70°6'46"W, 2916 m a.s.l., 5 Dec 2008, A. Moreira 1107 (SGO); O’Higgins: [Cachapoal Province] El Teniente, rock-slides, near Río Coya, 2500-2700 m a.s.l., 26 Jan 1925, W. Pennell 12282 (F, SGO); Cajón del Río Claro, Rengo, 34°30'S, 70°41'W, 6 Nov 2003, Fundación Philippi 84 (SGO); [Colchagua Province] Las Huertecillas, entre la Pava y Qda. San Andrés, coord. UTM 368224E - 6154259N, 1724 m a.s.l., 31 Jan 2006, N. García, F. Romero & P. Contreras 3427 (CONC); Termas del Flaco, inicio y base cerro Verde hacia huellas de dinosaurios, 34°57'7.5"S, 70°25'47"W, 1790 m a.s.l., 11 Jan 2006, M. Muñoz 4752 (SGO); Maule: [ Curicó Province] Alrededores de la Laguna de Teno, 35°10'S, 70°33'W, 2560 m a.s.l., 29 Mar 1973, C. Marticorena, O. Matthei & R. Rodríguez 19 (CONC); Camino a Paso Vergara, pasado control policial, 35°8'45"S, 70°28'29"W, 1913 m a.s.l., 28 Jan 2003, M. Muñoz 4370 (SGO); [Talca Province] Por ruta nacional n115, ca. 17 km de la Laguna de Maule, viniendo desde San Clemente, 35°55'39"S, 70°38'16"W, 1424 m a.s.l., 9 Feb 2007, J. Chiapella, G.E. Barbosa, F. Chiarini & M. Matesevach 1660 (SI); SW del Descabezado del Maule, 1877, E. Williams s.n. (SGO); [Linares Province] Laguna Dial, 35°25'S, 70°55'W, 1520 m a.s.l., 25 Jan 1961, F. Schlegel 3671 (CONC); Ñuble: [Punilla Province] Cord. "San Carlos", Feb 1925, E. Barros s.n. (CONC); Biobío: [ Biobío Province] Los Pinos. Extremo sur de la Laguna Laja, 27 Feb 1951, F. Behn s.n. (CONC); Trapa-Trapa, Araucanía, 28 Jan 1887, C. Rahmer s.n. (SGO).

Figures

Figure 4. A distribution of Schizanthus hookeri B illustration of S. hookeri published with the description of the species (Graham 1830) C examples of Schizanthus hookeri in Juncal Andean Park D La Campana National Park E distribution of Schizanthus grahamii F illustration of S. grahamii published with the description of the species (Hooker 1831 a) G examples of S. grahamii in Paso Vergara H Termas del Flaco I distribution of Schizanthus coccineus J-L examples of S. coccineus in La Parva (Metropolitan Region). Photos by M. Aldunate (C), A. Moreira-Munoz (D, K), S. Moreira (G, H), C. Jiron (J), V. Morales (L).