Amorbia cuneana ( Walsingham, 1879 )

Phillips-Rodríguez, Eugenie & Powell, Jerry A., 2007, Phylogenetic relationships, systematics, and biology of the species of Amorbia Clemens (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Sparganothini)., Zootaxa 1670 (1670), pp. 1-109 : 20-24

8. Amorbia cuneana ( Walsingham, 1879)

Figs. 24, 25, 69, 95, 117, 118, 131, 134

Hendecastema cuneana Walsingham, 1879 , Illustr. Typic. Spec. Lep. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. 4: 4.

Amorbia cuneana ; Walsingham, 1914, Biol. Centr. Amer., Lep.-Het. 4: 218.

Hendecastema adumbrana Walsingham, 1879 , Illustr. Typic. Spec. Lep. Het. Coll. Brit. 4: 5.

Amorbia adumbrana ; Fernald, 1908, Genera Tortr. 41, 59.

Amorbia essigana Busck, 1929 , Calif. Dept. Agric. Monthly Bull. 18(4): 276.

Amorbia synneurana Barnes & Busck, 1920 , Contr. Nat. Hist. Lepid. North America (3): 211. New synonymy

DIAGNOSIS. This species is easily distinguished from A. humerosana by the beige to rust colored FW versus gray in A. humerosana , the presence of a line of dark brown scales over the base of the tegula and the anterior margin of the thorax, and the sacculus emargination. In females of A. cuneana the ductus bursae widens towards the corpus bursae.

REDESCRIPTION. MALE. FW length 11.5–13.0 mm (mean = 12.2 mm; n = 10). HEAD: Frons convex with white scales, vertex smooth straw yellow. Antenna pale brown with darker scales on basal segments. Labial palpus mostly brown laterally, inner surface lighter. THORAX: Dorsum smooth scaled, straw yellow; tegula concolorous, except a line of dark brown scales over base of tegula and anterior margin of thorax. FW ground straw yellow, oblique darker mark present at postion of median fascia, originating at costa. HW beige with darker patch at apex. ABDOMEN: Straw yellow, dorsal pit well defined. Genitalia as in Fig. 69 (slide # 2259, EME, U.S.A., California, Sta. Clara Co.; n = 15). Uncus developed, extending beyond socii. Struts of socii absent. Transtilla rectangular, with numerous spines over posterior margin. Valva subrectangular. Sacculus sclerotized, ca. 0.7X length of valva, emarginate at 0.5 its length. Aedeagus ca. 0.6X length of valva, strongly curved.

FEMALE. FW length 12.0–14.5 mm (mean = 12.9; n = 10). HEAD and THORAX: As described for male, except oblique darker band present on median fascia. ABDOMEN: Genitalia as in Fig. 95 (slide # 5499, EME, U.S.A., California, San Diego Co.; n = 7). Lamella antevaginalis developed into large lateral pockets; median sinus squared. Ductus bursae 1.5X length of papillae anales, widening towards corpus bursae. Ductus seminalis arising 0.2X length of ductus bursae from ostium .

TYPE MATERIAL. cuneana : Holotype: Male: U.S.A.: California, Mount Shasta [Siskiyou Co.] ( BMNH) . adumbrana : Holotype: Male: U.S.A.: California, Mount Shasta [Siskiyou Co.] ( BMNH) . essigana : Holotype: Male: U.S.A.: California, San Diego ( USNM) . synneurana : Holotype: Male: U.S.A.: Arizona, Redington ( USNM) .

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL. CANADA: British Columbia: Biol. Station, Departure Bay, 1F, 21.vii.1908, 1M, 26.vii.1909 (Blackmore Collection, USNM); Saanitchton, 11M, 19.v.1922 / 1.viii.1922, 1F, 3.vii.1923 (J. G. Colville, USNM); Mount Newton, 1F, 5.vii.1922 (Blackmore Collection, USNM); Mallokat Mtn, 2M, 18.vii.1923 (Clarke, USNM); Victoria, 1M, 7.vii.1923 (R. F. Auden, CNC). MEXICO: BAJA CALIFORNIA: 4 mi S El Socorro, 1M, 25.iii.1973 (J. Powell, EME). BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: 12 km E of San Antonio, 1M, 3F, 27.xii.1978 (P. Rude, EME); San José del Cabo, 1F, 31.xii.1978 (P. Rude, EME), 3F, 1/ 2.iv.1983 (R. Dietz, EME); 24 km E San José del Cabo, 2F, 29.xii.1978 (P. Rude, EME), Cabo Falso, 7 km W Cabo San Lucas, 2F, 1.i.1979 (P. Rude, EME); La Burrera, 12 air mi NE Todos Santos, 1F, 2.xii.1979 (P. Rude, EME); Las Ánimas, Sierra Laguna, 12.x.1941, 2F (Ross & Bohart, UCD); San José, 1M, 9.ix.1961 (D. Patterson, EME); 5 mi E Rancho Barrera, 1F, 18.iv.1984 (J. Brown & M, Dodero, SDNHM); 7 km SE San Antonio, 13M, 11F, 10.xi.1993 ( JAP 93L34, 94B1, 94B1.1) (Y.-F. Hsu, EME); Cañón de la Zorra, 6 mi W Santiago, 1000 ft,1F, 16/ 17.x.1972 (E. M. & J. L. Fisher, LACM). USA: ARIZONA: Santa Rita Mts, Madera Cyn, 1M, 1F, 29.viii.1946 (J. Comstock & L. M. Martin, LACM). Pima Co.: Sells P.O., Indian Oasis, 2M, 1F, 1.iv/ 10.v.1923 (O. C. Polling, USNM); Baboquivari, 2F, 23/ 24.iv.1938 (J. Comstock, LACM). CALIFORNIA: [no further data], 1/7.vii.[no year] ( USNM), [no further data], 2M [no date] (Fernald Collection, USNM). Alameda Co: Piedmont Pines, NE Oakland, 11M, 21/ 27.vi.1962, 2M, 1.vii.1962 (P. Hurd, EME); Oakland, 1F, 9.ix.1961, 1M, 24.x.1965 (M. Lundgren, EME); Berkeley, 1M, 23.x.1965, 1F, 15.x.1961, 1F, 31.x.1966, 1F, 22.x.1961, 1F, 15.vii.1961, 1M, 23.x.1965 (R. Langston, EME), 1M, 6.xi.1964 (Rude, EME), 5F, 14.x.1961 (Thorp, EME), 1F, 19.x.1957, 1M, 25.x.1957 (Linsdale, EME), 1M, 1.x.1959, 1F, 12.xi.1958 (J. Chemsak, EME), 1F, i. iv.1959, 1F, 1.x.1959 (J. Chemsak & J. Powell, EME), 1M, 11.x.1956 (J. L. Herring, EME), 1F, 2.vii.1959 (C. D. MacNeill, EME), 1M, 5.vi.1959 (Stage, EME), 1M, 11.x.1956, 1M, 13.x.1958, 1M, 15.v.1960, 3F, 15.vi.1960, 1F, 14.ix.1960, 1M, 6.x.1960, 1F, 15.x.1960, 2M, 27/ 30.x.1960, 1F, 7.xi.1960, 1M, 15.xii.1960, 2F, 15.vi.1962, 1M, 1.x.1978, 1M, 12.v.1979, 3M, 1F, 12/ 19.x.1979, 1F, 13.vi.1980, 1M, 20.x.1982, 3M, 1F, 7/ 22.x.1986, 1F, 1/ 3.xii.1986, 2M, 28/ 31.v.1987, 2M, 3/ 14.vi.1987, 1M, 11.vii.1987, 2M, 16/ 22.v.1988, 1F, 1.vi.1988, 4M, 15/ 20.x.1988, 2M, 11/ 16.v.1989, 4M, 3.vi.1989, 1M, 17.x.1989, 1M, 3/ 14.xi.1989, 1M, 12.v.1990, 2M, 16.vi.1990, 2M, 29/ 30.ix.1990, 1M, 1F, 2/ 8.x.1990, 2M, 30.ix/ 8.x.1994, 3M, 2/ 12.xi.1994, 1M, 8.xi.1995, 2M, 22/ 30.x.1996, 2M, 14/ 15.v.1997, 1M, 28.v.1998 (J. Powell, EME), 1F, vii.1962 (J. Doyen, EME), 1F, 6.xi.1964 (P. Rude, EME); Albany, 1M, 1F, 7/ 8.x.1957 ( EME). Colusa Co.: 12 mi S Williams, 1M, 27.v.1967 (P. Opler, EME). Contra Costa Co.: 2 mi E Antioch, 1F, 26.v.1968 (P. Opler, EME); Pleasant Hill, 1F, 28.v.1957 (em: 5.iv.1957, pupa on lilac), 1M, 1.v.1957, 1M, 10.v.1957, 1M, 1F, 25/ 26.ix.1957, 1M, 19.v.1958, 2M, 25.v.1957, 1M, 16.viii.1958, 1F, 16.ii.1958 (em: 2.iii.58, r.f. English laurel), 2M, 24.ix.1960 (D. Ferguson, EME); Antioch, 1F, 18.iii.1959 (J. Powell, EME) (r.f. Heteromeles [= Photinia ] arbutifolia , em: 13.iv.1959); Antioch Natl.Widlife Ref. (LC), 4F, 9.iv.1982 (J. Powell, EME) (r.f. Heteromeles arbutifolia, JAP 82D25); Pt. Molate, 1M, 15.i.1965 (r.f. Salix sp. JAP 65A3); Pt. Molate Beach, 2M, 26.ix/ 17.x.1981, at pheromone bait (J. Powell, EME); El Cerrito 8000 ft, 1F, 21.vi.1964, 1F, 26.x.1964 (Linsdale, EME); 2 mi NE Orinda, 1M, 19.v.1958, 3M, 4/ 9.vi.1957, 1M, 2.vii.1957, 5M, 3/ 14.x.1961 (S. F. Cook, Jr., EME), 1M, 1F, 12.x.1961 (J. Powell, EME), 3M, 2F, 3/ 9.x.1961 (P. Opler, EME), 3M, 21/ 22.x.1977 (J. Powell, EME), 1M, 1F, 4.x.1986 (J. Chemsak, EME), 1M, 25.vi.1990, 1F, 5.x.1995, 1F, 1.v.1996 (W. Middlekauff, EME); Orinda Village, San Pablo Ridge below Eureka Peak, 1000–1200 ft, 1M, 30.x.1969 (E. Schlinger, EME); Richmond 6M, 4F, 16/ 19.x.1966 (Slater, EME); Walnut Creek, Foot of Shell Ridge, 2F, 26/ 27.ix.1961, 1M, 23.v.1961, 1M, 3.ix.1961, 1M, 1.x.1961, 2M, 4/ 5.x.1961, 1M, 1F 11.vi.1961, 2M, 1F, 29.v.1961, 1M, 2.vi.1961 (J. Powell, EME), 1M, 16.vi.1958 (Madsen, EME), 2M, 5.ix.1961, 1M, 2F, 24/ 30.ix.1961, 1M, 31.v.1962, 1M, 1F, 1.vi.1962, 2M, 17/ 18.vi.1962, 1M, 5.vi.1962, 2M, 18.viii.1962, 3M, 29.ix.1962, 1M, 1F, 30.ix.1962, 1M, 30.x.1962, 1M, 1F, 23/ 31.v.1963, 1F, 1M, 1/ 8.vi.1963, 1M, 6.viii.1963, 5M, 1F, 7.x.1963, 1M, 6.x.1963, 2M, 2F, 5.x.1963, 1M, 15.x.1963, 2M, 20.x.1963, 1M, 23.x.1963, 2M, 24.x.1963, 2M, 21/ 22.vi.1964, 2M, 23.vi.1964, 2M, 9.x.1964, 1M, 1, 9.x.1964, 1M, 24.x.1965 (J. Powell, EME); San Ramón Cr., X SPRR, 1M, 22.ix.1968 (J. Powell, EME). Del Norte Co.: Rowdy Cr. Road, 6 mi E Smith River, 1F, 27.vii.1990 (D. Ferguson, USNM). Lake Co: Lake Pillsbury, Pogie Point, 2M, 2F, 28/ 29.viii.1973 (J. Powell, EME); Anderson Spr., 1M, 1F, 24.vi.1958, 1M, 5.x.1958 (D. Bauer & J. Buckett, EME); Butts Cyn., 1 mi N Napa Co. line, 1F, 11/ 12.vi.1996 (D. Rubinoff, EME). Los Angeles Co: Mt. Lowe, 2M, 6.vi/ 8.vii.1924 (E. Piazza, USNM); Cloudburst Canyon, 1M, 1F, 11.vii.1940 (J. Comstock, EME), 1M, 27.vi.1946 (C. Henne, EME); La Tuna Canyon, 1M, 28.xi.1940, 1M, 9.x.1942 (r.f. Lonicera ) (W. H. Evans, USNM); Lake Hughes 1F, 12.vii.1938 (J. C. Van Bloeken, LACM); LACC Campus, 1F, 2/13/1947 (C. Smith, EME) (r.f. Heteromeles [= Photinia ] arbutitolia, em: iii/17/47). Santa Catalina Is. : Avalon, 1M, 19.xi.1932 (D. Meadows, USNM); White’s Harbor, 3M, 1.iv.1968 (r.f. Catalina cherry [ Prunus lyoni ], JAP 6926) (J. Powell, EME), 2M, 3F, 1.iv.1968 (r.f. Lyonothamnus floribundus, JAP 68023) (Powell, EME); Camp Cactus, 750 ft, 1M, 2.v.1978 (J. Powell, EME); Mint Canyon, 1M, 1F 15.xi.1941 (C. Henne, LACM); Cloud Burst Canyon, 1M. 27.vi.1946 (C. Henne, LACM); mouth of San Gabriel Canyon, 1M, 10.xi.1945 (C. Henne, EME). San Clemente Is.: Eagle Cyn. N Gray, 1000–1500 ft, 4M, 3F, 13.iv.1980 (r.f. Prunus lyoni, JAP 80D12) (J. Powell & D. Faulkner, EME); Horse Beach Cyn, 1F, 22.ii.1987 (r.f. Heteromeles arbutifolia, De Benedictis , 878175.1), 1F (r.f. Lyonothamnus floribundus, De Benedictis , 878169.1) (J. De Benedictis, EME); Lemon Tank Cyn., 275– 325 m, 1M, 6.xii.1981 (r.f. Prunus lyonii, JAP 81L49) (J. Powell, EME). Marin Co.: 1 mi SE Inverness, 1F, 19.vii.1963 (O'Brien, EME), 2F, 28.vii.1962, 1F, 6.viii.1962 (Toschi, EME); Inverness Park, 150 m, 4M, 13/ 19.vii.1994 (J. Powell, EME), 36M, 5F, 1/ 28.x.1997 (J. Powell, EME); 3M, 1F, 17/ 30.ix.1998 (J. Powell, EME); Inverness Ridge, 270 m, post fire survey, 3M, 1F, 19.ix.1998 (J. Powell, EME). Mendocino Co: Laytonville, 1M, 7.viii.1948, 1M, 17.ix.1949 (Sternitzky, EME); Dimmock State Park, 1 mi W Navarro, 2F, 24.vii.1975 (P. Rude, EME); 8 km N Branscomb, 2F, 20.viii.1982 (D. Weber, EME). Modoc Co.: Lower Rush Creek Campgrd, 1M, 14.vii.1968 (J. Emmel, LACM); Warner Mts., 2 mi E Davis Creek, 5500 ft, 1M, 24/ 31.vii.1922, 1M, 1/ 7.viii.1922, 2M [no date] (A. W. Lindsey, USNM). Monterey Co.: Ft. Ord South Road, 1M, 15.vii.1976 (J. Powell & P. Opler, EME); Big Creek Reserve (UCNLS), 1M, 26/ 28.v.1987 (J. De Benedictis, J. Brown & J. Powell, EME) 1M, 5/ 8.vi.1989 (Y.-F. Hsu & J. Powell, EME) 2M, 29/ 31.x.1989 (J. Powell, EME), 1M, 3/5, ix.1991, 1M, 2/ 4.x.1991, 1M, 1/ 3.v.1992 (J. Powell, EME), 1F, 2/ 4.v.1992 (E. Petroske, EME), 2F, 5/ 7.vi.1992 (J. Powell & Zúñiga, EME), 1F, 23/ 24.vi.1992 (Zúñiga & Scaccia, EME), 2M, 2/ 4.viii.1992, 1M, 15/ 17.ix.1993 (J. Powell, EME), 1M, 7/ 9.vi.1993 (Y.-F. Hsu & J. Powell, EME), 1F, 3/ 5.vi.1994 ( JAP 94F2) (J. Powell, EME), 2M, 1F, 7/ 8.vi.1996 (J. Powell, EME), 2M, 25/ 26.iv.1997 (J. Powell & J. Kruse, EME) 2M, 5/ 6.vi.1998 (J. Powell & F. Sperling, EME). Napa Co: 1 mi W Conn Dam, 1M, 5.vi.1964 (J. Powell, EME); N side of Howell Mt., 3 km NNE Angwin, 306 m, 1M, 8.v.1987 (R. Robertson, EME); Conn Cr. nr. Rutherford, 1M, 15.ix.1985 (D. Ferguson, USNM). Orange Co: Palo Alto, 1F, 2.x.1907 ( EME); Arch Beach, 3 Arch Beach, 1F, 1.iv.1935 (Newman, USNM); Fullerton, 1F, 14.ix.1962 (Toschi, EME); Olive, 2F, 19.ii.1965, 5M, 27/ 31.i.1965, 1F, 24.ii.1965, 1F, 23.ii.1965 (J. Wilcox, EME). Placer Co.: Dollar Pt., Lake Tahoe, 10/ 17.ix.1991 (J. Powell, EME). Plumas Co: Johnsville, 1M, 3.vii.1960 (D. Bauer & J. Buckett, EME); Mohawk, 2F, viii.1940 (D. Bauer, EME). San Bernardino Co.: San Gabriel Mts., 2500 ft, Switzers Camp, 1M, 1F, 21.vi.1910 (F. Grinnell, USNM); San Bernardino, 1F, 8/15.x.[no year] (Barnes Collection, USNM); Hanna Flat, 7000 ft, 3.5 air km NW Fawnskin, 1M, 19.vii.1979 (J. De Benedictis & J. Powell, EME); San Bernardino Mountains, Camp Baldy, 16M, 5F, 24.vi/7.vii[no year], 18M, 5F, 8/30.vii[no year] (Barnes Collection, USNM); Glacier Picnic Area, 5700 ft, 3 air km NE Mt. Baldy P.O., 5M, 18.vii.1979 (D. Wagner, EME); Manker Flat Cmpgd, 6000 ft, 4 km N Mt. Baldy P.O., 1M, 1F, 18.vii.1979 (J. Powell & J. De Benedictis, EME); Lake Arrowhead, 1F, 24.vii.1964 (E. Schlinger, UCRI); Loma Linda, 1F, 16/23.ix.[no year] (Barnes Collection, USNM); Cajon Summit, 1M, 2.vi.1985 (F. Sala, USNM). San Diego Co: Chula Vista, 2F, 1.ix.1922 (E. O. Essig, EME); Nellie, 1F, 1/7.vii.[no year] (Barnes Collection, USNM); San Diego, 1M [no date] ( USNM), 4M, 2F [no date] (Barnes Collection, USNM), 1M [no date] ( USNM), 2F, 6/ 8.vii.1908 (W. S. Wright, USNM), 1M, 14.vi.1924 ( USNM), 1M, 1/7.v.[no year], 1F, 24/30.v.[no year] (Barnes Collection, USNM), 2M, 18/ 23.vii.1924 ( USNM), 1M, 14.vi.1923 (E. Piazza, LACM), 1M, 4.xii.1928 (r. f. avocado ) (R. R. McLean, USNM), 1M, 6.ii.1951 (W. W. Jones, USNM); San Diego, NAS Miramar, 2M, 28/ 29.xii.1996, 6M, 1F, 1.i.1997 / 26.iii.1997, 15M, 2F 18.iv.1997 / 30.vi.1997, 5M, 15.vii.1997 / 1.viii.1997 (N. Bloomfield, USNM); Mount Palomar, 3M, 3F, 18.vii.1963 (J. Powell, EME); La Jolla, 1M, 20.vi.1963 (P. D. Hurd, EME) (r.f. Rhus laurina ), 1F, 11.vii.1963 (N. Sakdapolrak, EME), 1F, 17.vi.1963 (I. H. Pogojeff, EME), 1M, 13.vii.1963 (R. Langston, EME); 2 mi West Live Oak Springs, 1M, 5.x.1963 (J. Powell, EME); Bonsall, Goland Grove, 1F, v.1981 (Hoffman & Bailey, EME); Highland Vy., Stout Grove, 10 mi SE Escondido, 8F, 20.vi.1981 (Hoffman & Bailey, EME); 3 mi E Julian, 5M, 29.viii/ 17.ix.1999, 1M, 2F, 2/ 15.x.1999 (N. Bloomfield, EME); Palomar Mtn. Observatory Road, 3M, 5F, 4/ 10.vii.1999 (N. Bloomfield, EME). San Luis Obispo Co: Pismo Beach, 1F, 10.iv.1961 (J. Chemsak, EME); 2 mi W Paso Robles, 2M, 2F, 28.iv.1968 (J. Powell, EME); Rinconada Trailhead, Santa Lucia Mountains, 1F, 25.viii.1992 (D. Ferguson, USNM). Santa Barbara Co : 3 mi N Refugio Beach, 1M, 1F, 28.vi.1965 (J. Powell, EME); 4 mi W Los Prietos, 1M, 8.ix.1969 (P. Opler & J. Powell, EME); Santa Barbara, 1M, 22.iv.1966 (R. Langston, EME). Summerland, 1F, 23.xi.1962, 1M, 20.ii.1964 (Kirkwood, EME). Santa Cruz Is.: 1F [no date] ( USNM); Prisoner's Harbor, 8M, 3F, 7/ 10.vi.1966, 1F, 10.vi.1966 (r.f. Heteromeles arbutifolia, JAP 66F8) (J. Powell, EME), Coches Prietos Rd., 170 m, 15M, 7F, 4.v.2000 (r. f. patch of eggs collected on Lyonothamnus floribundus , em: 1.vii./ 19.viii.2000) (J. Powell, EME); Central Valley, 1F, 29.iv.1966, 1F, 8.vi.1966, 1M, 30.iv.1966, 7M, 8 F, 25/ 28.ix.1978 (J. Powell, EME); ridge W U.C. Field Station HQ, 300 m, 2M, 23.v.1984 (J. Powell, EME); Cañada Cervada, 330 m, 9M, 22/ 23.v.1984 (J. Powell, EME); U.C. Field Station, 1M, 21/ 24.v.1984 (J. Powell & J. De Benedictis, EME), 3M, 21/ 24.v.1984 (D. Wagner, EME); Eagle Cyn, 1M, 1F, 16.iii.1969 (r.f. Ceanothus arboreus, JAP 69C51) (J. Powell, EME). Ridge N Laguna Cyn., 1M, 29.iv.1966 (r.f. Arcotostaphylos insularis, JAP 66D39.1) (J. Powell, EME). Santa Clara Co: New Almaden, 6M, 1F, 14/ 19.ix.1963, 3M, 1F, 26.ix.1963, 1M, 1.vi.1964, 1M, 1F, 2.vi.1964, 1M, 14.vi.1964, 1F, 22.vi.1964, 1M, 27.vii.1964, 1M, 1F, 10.viii.1964, 1F, 19.x.1964, 5M, 2F, 20/ 23.ix.1964, 2F, 26/ 28.ix.1964, 1M, 1F, 3.x.1964, 2F, 25.x.1964, 1M, 10.vi.1965 (P. Opler, EME); Tulare Hill, 1M, 1F, 21.v.1990 (A. E. Launer, EME). Sierra Co.: Cottonwood Creek, 5 mi SE Sierraville, 9M, 5F, 5/ 6.viii.1994 (J. Powell, EME). Siskiyou Co.: McBride Springs, Mount Shasta, 5000 ft, 1F, 21.vii.1966 (P. Opler, EME), 4F, 8/ 9.viii.1996 (F. Sperling, EME) ( JAP 96K6); Mount Shasta, 1F, viii.[no year] (Walsingham, USNM); Mount Shasta City, 1M, 17.vii.1958 (J. Powell, EME) (manzanita association), 1M, 10.viii.1958 (J. Powell, EME), 1F 5.vii.1958 (J. Powell, EME) (r. f. manzanita , em: viii.5.1958); Sacramento, 1F, 3.viii.1953 (Chandler, CAS); Scott River, 1F, 10.viii.1949 ( CAS). Sonoma Co.: Guerneville, 1M, xi.1920 (Meyrick Collection, BMNH). Monte Río, 1M, 16.x.1967 (J. Doyen, EME); Old Adobe Road, NW Petaluma, 1F, 14.vi.1958 ( EME); 8 mi NW Napa, 1M, 16.v.1958 (R. Augustine, EME); The Geysers, 1M, 9.v.1939 (D. Bauer, EME); 15 mi E Santa Rosa , 1F, 16.v.1986 (R. Robertson, EME). Tulare Co: Buckeye Flat Campground, Sequoia National Park, 2M, 15.ix.1968 (P. Opler, EME). Tuolomne Co: Strawberry, 1M, 13.viii.1960 (D. Q. Cavagnaro, EME); Yosemite National Park (r.f. California bay), 6M, 2F, 3/ 8.vii.1918 (C. Heinrich, USNM); Yosemite, 1F, 25.vi.1919 (r. f. laurel (Laurus) ( Lauraceae ) (D. Patterson, USNM); Yosemite Valley, 1M, 30.v. i.1941 (R. Bohart, UCD). Ventura Co.: Wheeler Hot Springs, 1M, 18.vii.1943, 1M, 5.viii.1943, 1M, 25.viii.1943 (D. Meadows, USNM); Twain Harte, 1F, 21.viii.1985 (M. R. Lundgren, EME). IDAHO: Shoshone Co.: Wallace, 1F, 23.iii.1942 (O. Huellemann, USNM). NEVADA: Douglas Co: Glenbrook, 6300 ft, 1F, 22.viii.1967 (D. Bauer, EME). OREGON: Baker Co.: Spring Creek 1M, 20.vii.1955 (J. H. Baker, USNM). Benton Co.: Corvallis, 1F, 7.ii.1938 (T. Y. Hsiao, EME); 5 mi NW Corvallis, McDonald For., Oak Crk. Gate, 1M, 27.vii.1962 (J. F. G. Clarke, USNM). Douglas Co.: Glide, 2M, 20.viii.1954 (D. Davis, USNM). Jackson Co: east flank Mount Ashland, 1F, 22.vii.1980 (J. A. Volney, EME) (r.f. Abies concolor, Locale Code IT ); 1 mi W Rogue River P.O., 1F, 2.viii.1996 (J. Powell, EME). Coos Co.: Tugman State Park, near Lakeside, 3M, 1F, 9/ 10.viii.1976 (J. Powell, EME). Curry Co.: Lock State Park, 4M, 19/ 20.v.1992 (J. & S. Shepard, EME). WASHINGTON: Columbia Co.: Godman Springs, Blue Mts, 1M, 29.vii.1940 (J. Clarke, USNM). King Co.: Seattle, 1F [no date] ( USNM).

DISTRIBUTION AND BIOLOGY. The known distribution of A. cuneana is from Baja California, Mexico to southwestern Canada (Victoria, British Columbia), in the lowlands of southern California and east to Arizona and Idaho ( Fig. 134). It has been collected in every month of the year. At Berkeley, California, records from over 20 years show two clearly defined generations, with peaks in May-June and again in October.

IMMATURE STAGES ( Fig. 124). Eggs are olive green; the milky colleterial cover exceeds the egg patch border; eggs number 40–50 per patch. Larvae hatched in 10 days on average (n = 6) and fed on synthetic diet. Last instars are ca. 2.5 cm in length; the head is tan colored, with a dark brown lateral band; there is a narrow band bordering each lower edge of the prothoracic shield. Development required approximately 11 weeks (JAP 84K2, 84M41, 84M41.3, 86K3, 86K31, 86K66, 91K8, 93L34, 94B1.1, 95J4, 96F14, 96K6).

HOST PLANT RECORDS. Amorbia cuneana has been reared on several plant families (see Appendix III) including Pinaceae ( Abies concolor ), Anacardiaceae ( Rhus laurina ), Ericaceae ( Arcotostaphylos insularis and A. patula ), Lauraceae ( Persea americana , Laurus sp. ), Rhamnaceae ( Ceanothus arboreus ), Rosaceae ( Heteromeles arbutifolia , Lyonothamnus floribundus , Prunus lyoni , Prunus sp. ), Rutaceae ( Citrus sp. ), and Salicaceae ( Salix sp. ).

REMARKS. Barnes & Busck (1920) described Amorbia synneurana based on the FW venation of the female which showed R 4 and R 5 united instead of “stalked as is the normal.” We found this character to be variable. We did not find any differences in the genitalia of A. synneurana and A. cuneana , and on this basis the synonymy of the two is proposed. Specimens from Arizona are smaller, especially some males.