Amorbia emigratella Busck, 1909

Phillips-Rodríguez, Eugenie & Powell, Jerry A., 2007, Phylogenetic relationships, systematics, and biology of the species of Amorbia Clemens (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Sparganothini)., Zootaxa 1670 (1670), pp. 1-109 : 36-39

21. Amorbia emigratella Busck, 1909

Figs. 46, 47, 83, 106, 122, 123, 137

Amorbia emigratella Busck, 1909 , Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 11: 201.

DIAGNOSIS. This species can be distinguished easily from other members of the Rectangularis Group by the absence of a costal fold, the presence of an abdominal dorsal pit on segments A2-A6, and the absence of emarginations or projections from the sacculus.

REDESCRIPTION. MALE. FW length 8.0–11.0 mm (mean = 9.3; n = 12). HEAD: Frons convex, naked. Vertex pale brown. Labial palpus 2.0X length of antennal space. Labial palpus light brown laterally, inner surface paler; junction of segments II and III forming an oblique angle. THORAX: Dorsum smooth scaled, light brown; tegula concolorous except for well defined line of dark brown scales over base of tegula and anterior margin of thorax. FW ground pale to dark yellow with brownish marks in median/postmedian area near costa. Costal fold absent. HW ground pale beige with darker termen. ABDOMEN: Dark yellow, dorsal pit present on segments A2-A6. Genitalia as in Fig. 83 (slide # EPR-14, VBC, Mexico, Veracruz, Tenejapan; n = 12). Transtilla rectangular with evenly distributed minute spines. Valva subrectangular. Sacculus sclerotized, 0.65X length of valva, extending to margin of valva, ventral edge weakly undulate. Aedeagus 0.75X length of valva, slender, weakly curved throughout, strongly curved in apical 0.3 .

FEMALE. FW length 11.5–12.0 mm (mean = 11.6; n = 6). HEAD and THORAX: As described for male, except FW with basal and median areas darker, extending to apex, and absence of distinct costal marks. ABDOMEN: Genitalia as in Fig. 106 (slide # 1993239, INBio, Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Murciélago; n = 7). Sterigma developed into triangular lateral pockets; median sinus rounded. Ductus bursae 2.0X length of papillae anales, widening towards corpus bursae, sclerotized in the posterior 0.33 .

TYPE MATERIAL. Holotype: Male: USA: OAHU: Tantalus (no date), O. Swezey ( USNM). Type # 12777.

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL. COSTA RICA: 1M, vii, [no further data] (W. D. Kearfott collection, USNM). CARTAGO: 1M [no date] (W. Schaus, USNM). ALAJUELA: Finca San Gabriel, 15 km E Quebrada Grande, 630 m, 1M, 8.ii.1983 (D. Janzen & W. Hallwachs, INBio); Finca San Gabriel, 2 km SW de Dos Ríos, 600m, L N 318800, 383500 6M, 1F, v.1989 (GNP Biodiversity Survey, INBio). CARTAGO: 1M [no date] (W. Schaus, USNM), Juan Viñas, 4F (no date) (W. Schaus, USNM). GUANACASTE: 4 km E Casetilla Rincón Nat. Pk., 750 m, 1M, 1F, 6.vi.1981, 2M, 2F, 27.xii.1981, 1M, 18.x.1982, 1M, 11.iv.1983, 4M, 1F 14.ii.1983 (D. Janzen & W. Hallwachs, INBio); Hcda. Inocentes NE, 7 km SE, 550 m, 6M, 18.iv.1985 (D. Janzen & W. Hallwachs, INBio); La Cruz, Finca El Oro (Guanaranja) 500 m, 1M, i.1994 (P. Ríos, INBio); Derrumbe, Est. Mengo, 1400 m, W side Volcán Cacao, 1F, 11.vii.1988 (D. Janzen & W. Hallwachs, INBio); Est. Cacao, 1000–1400 m, lado SO Volcán Cacao, P.N. Guanacaste, 1M, iv.1991, 1F, v.1991, 1M, xii.1990 (C. Chaves, INBio); Est. Cacao, 1100 m, LN 323100, 375800, 1M, 7/ 18.ii.1995 (F. Alvarado, INBio) 1M, 28.viii.2001 (r.f. Delonix regia (Fabaceae) , voucher 01-SRNP-7389, em: 23.ix.2001) (D. Janzen & W. Hallwachs, INBio); ACG, Sector San Cristóbal 600–800 m, 1F, 24.ii.2001 (r.f. Cupania glabra (Sapindaceae) , voucher 01-SRNP- 512, em: 10.iii.2001), 1F, 11.ii.2001 (r.f. Solanum hayesii (Solanaceae) , voucher 01-SRNP-405, em: 27.ii.2001) (D. Janzen & W. Hallwachs, INBio); Est. Las Pailas, P.N. Rincón de la Vieja, 800 m, LN 306300, 388600, 1M, 27.vii/ 15.viii.1992 (D. García, INBio), 1M, 19.vi/ 1.vii.1993, 1M, 13/ 19.ix.1993, 2M, 10/ 18.iv.1994 (K. Taylor, INBio), 1F, 23.vii.1998 (r.f. Ardisia compressa (Myrsinaceae) , voucher 98-SRNP- 11277, em: 3.viii.1998) (D. Janzen & W. Hallwachs, INBio); Est. Maritza, lado O Volcán Orosi, 600 m, 1M, 1F, 17.v.1988, 2M, 17.vii.1987 (D. Janzen & W. Hallwachs, INBio); Est. Maritza, 1M, 27.ii/ 10.iii.1992 (M. Reyes, INBio), 1M, 27.ii/ 11.iii.1992 (D. Brenes, INBio), 8M, viii.1990 (II Curso Ptx., INBio), 1F, vii.1990 (I Curso Microlepidop., INBio); Est. Pitilla, 9 km S Sta. Cecilia, 700 m, 1M, 10.v.1988 (D. Janzen & W. Hallwachs, INBio), 1M, iii.1991 (C. Moraga & P. Ríos, INBio), 1M, 21.iii/ 7.iv.1993, 1M, iii.1991, 1M, v.1991 (C. Moraga, INBio), 1M, v.1991, 1M, 10/ 17.ii.1994, 1M, iii.1994, 1M, xi.1994 (P. Ríos, INBio); Est. Pitilla, 1M, v.1989, 4M, iii.1989 (GNP Biodiversity Survey, INBio). Est. Mengo, SW side Volcán Cacao, 1100 m, 2M, ii.1989 (GNP Biodiversity Survey, INBio), 1M, 10.ii.1988, 1F, 27.v.1987 (D. Janzen & W. Hallwachs, INBio); La Luz, W side Volcán Cacao, 1000 m, 1M, 1F, 3/ 8.viii.1986 (D. Janzen & W. Hallwachs, INBio). Río Góngora, P.N. Guanacaste, 600 m, 1F, vi.1992 (III Curso Ptx, INBio). Rincón Nat. Park, 2M, 29xi.1979, 1M, 3F, 19.xi.1979, 1M, 1F, 27.vii.1979 (D. Janzen, INBio), 1M, 29.iii.1984 (D. Janzen & W. Hallwachs, INBio). Río San Lorenzo, Tierras Morenas, Z. P. Tenorio, 1050 m, 1F, i.1993 (G. Rodríguez, INBio); Santa Rosa National Park, 1M, 16/ 18.vii.1980 (D. Janzen & W. Hallwachs, INBio). Tierras Morenas, A.C. [Area de Conservación] Arenal, 700 m, LN 283950, 424500, 1M, i.1994, 1F, iv.1994, 1M, ix.1993, 1M, iii.1994 (G. Rodríguez, INBio); Tierras Morenas, A.C. Arenal, LN 287800, 427600, 1F, viii.1994, 1M, xi.1994 (G. Rodríguez, INBio). HEREDIA: Santo Domingo de Heredia, 1F, 1/ 10.viii.1990 (J. Powell, EME, JAP 90H18); Santo Domingo, 1M, iv.1998 (r. f. avocado , em: 18.v.1998, A. González, UCR). PUNTARENAS: Monteverde, 1400 m, 1M, 8/ 10.xii. 1978, 1M, 1F, 25/ 26.vi.1979 (D. Janzen, INBio); Monteverde, A.C. Arenal, Central, 1400–1500m, LN 254000, 448000, 1F, vii.1990 (J. Powell, INBio); San Luis, Monteverde, 1200 m, LN 449700, 253200, 1F, 10/ 29.viii.1993 (K. Taylor, INBio); San Luis, Finca Buen Amigo, 4 km S de la Reserva, 1350 m, LN 250850, 449250, 1M, iii.1994, 1M, iii.1996 (Z. Fuentes, INBio). Monteverde, 1300 m, 1F, 5M, 17/ 20.v.1985 (Powell, EME, JAP 85 E63.1), 4M, 11/ 12.vi.1988 (J. Brown & J. Powell, EME); 2M, 22/ 24.vii.1990 (S. Meredith & J. Powell, EME), 1M, 2.ix.1988 (C. Covell, EME); 3M 29/ 31.iii.1992 (J. McCarty & J. Powell, EME). GUATEMALA: ALTA VERAPAZ: San Cristóbal, Baleu 1350 m, 1M [no date] EME. MEXICO: 1M 6.v.1937 (r.f. Gardenia sp. ) ( USNM), 1M 20.xii.1949 (r.f. Datura stramonium ) (I. Berryhill, USNM). BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: 14.5 rd mi NW Cabo San Lucas, 250 ft, 1M, 11.ix.1983 (J. Donahue, LACM); Cabo San Lucas, Hotel Finisterra, 1M, 8/ 14.ix.1978 (J. & K. Donahue, LACM); 3 mi SW San Antonio, 1M, 14.x.1972 (E.& J. Fisher, EME); 7 km SE San Antonio, 1M, 10.xi.1993 (Y.-F. Hsu, EME). CHI- HUAHUA: Santa Clara Canyon, 5 mi W Parrita, 1F 1.xi.1956 (Linsdale, EME). COLIMA [?]: 1M, 1F (no date) (Conradt, EME). ESTADO DE MEXICO: Guadalajara: 1M [no date] (W. Schaus, EME). GUERRERO: Chilpancingo de los Bravos, 1380 m, 3M, 3F, 17/ 23.ix.1982 (J. Powell & J. Chemsak, EME, JAP 82J55), 2M, 18.vii.1983 (J. Chemsak & Michelbacher, EME); Petaquillas, 2M, 27.vii.1983 (J. Chemsak & Michelbacher). HIDALGO: Hiway 132 D, SW Tuloncingo (66 km NW Texcoco), 1M, 15.viii.1972 (J. Nakata & J. Carrillo, EME). JALAPA: 1F [no date] (W. Schaus, USNM), 1M, vi.1955 (N. Krauss, USNM). MICHOACAN: 7 mi W Zamora, 1F, 15.vi.1962 (D. Janzen, EME); Tuxpan, 1M, 29.vii.1966 (J. Buckett & Gardner, EME). MORELOS: Cuernavaca, 7M, 4F, xi.1944, 1F, i.1945 (N. Krauss, USNM) (Lot 45.5447 r.f. Eupatorium adenophorum ). NAYARIT: 6 mi N Riitos, road to San Andreas, 2M 1F 9/ 11.iii.1987 (N. Bloomfield, SDNHM); 20.3 mi NE junction, Mesa de Nayar, 3M, 27/ 28.iii.1987 (N. Bloomfield, SDNHM); Orizaba, 2F [no date] (W. Schaus, USNM), 1M, 8/ 15.viii.1985 (E. Welling, EME); Coban, 1M, 22/ 23.vi.1966 (O. Flint & Ortiz, EME). NUEVO LEON: 18 mi W Linares, 1M, 12.ix.1976 (J. Powell & J. Chemsak, EME); 5 km W Tixtla, 1710 m, 1M, 18.ix.1982 (J. Powell & J. Chemsak, EME). OAXACA: Oaxaca, 1M, 2.xii.1983 (S. Meredith, EME); 27 mi S Sala de Vega, 3360 ft, 1M, 18.vii.1986 (P. Jump, EME); 9 mi SSW Santos Riaz Papalo, 1M, 3.viii.1975 (T. Taylor, LACM). PUEBLA: 2 mi SW Tehuacan, 5300 ft, 2M, 4.x.1975 (J. Powell, EME). SINALOA: 2 mi SW Potrerillos, 4200 ft, 1M, 12.viii.1986 (J. Brown & J. Powell, EME); 8 mi W El Palmito, 6400 ft, 1M, 8/ 12.viii.1972 (J. Powell, D. Veirs & C. D. MacNeill, EME). TAMAULIPAS: 10 mi W Hidalgo, 1F, 12.vii.1986 (P. Jump, EME). VERACRUZ: Córdoba, 30M, 5F, 6/ 28.vii.1996, 2M, 29.vi.1966 (J. Buckett, M. R & R.C. Gardner, EME); Banderilla, 1370m, 1M, 17.vii.1974 (J. Powell & J. Chemsak, EME), 1M, 16.viii.1987 (J. Powell, EME); Fortín de las Flores, 1100m, 1M, 2.vii.1962 (D. Janzen, EME), 6M, 7/ 12.vii.1974 (J. Chemsak, E. G. Linsley & J. Powell, EME), 1F, 3.x.1975 (J. Powell, T. Eichlin & T. Friedlander, EME); Coscomatepec, 1M, 1.viii.1975 (T. Taylor, LACM); Est. Biol. Tuxtlas, 1M, 11/ 16.vi.1981 (V. O. Becker, VBC); Tenejapan, 1300 m, 1M, 28.x.1973 (V. Becker, VBC). El Palmar, 2F, 19.iii.1969 (E. Acevedo, USNM); Río Tacolapan, Rt 180 Km 551, 1F, 25.vii.1966 (O. Flint & Ortiz, USNM). U.S.A.: ARIZONA: Santa Cruz Co.: Madera Canyon 4880’, Santa Rita Mts, 1F, 25.viii.1959 (J. G. Franclemont, USNM). HAWAII: Kauai Co.: Kokee State Park, 5M, 4F, 6.vii.1986 (J. Chemsak & H. Katsura, EME); Waimea, Cyn. St. Park, 3000 ft, 15.viii.89 (J. Powell, EME). Hawaii Co.: Ka’u Dist. Manuka St. For, 550–675 m, 17.iii.1993 (J. Powell, EME). Kokee St. Park, 900–1100 m, 16M, 3F, 11/ 19.viii.1989 (J. Powell, EME) ( JAP 89H6.1, 89H6.2, 89H6.3); Volcano Village, 7M, 19/ 21.iii.1993 (J. Powell, EME); Kawai, Wailua Riv. Cyn., 1M, 3.i.1990 (R. Zuparko, EME). Oahu Co.: 1M, 24.ix.1911 (H. Severin, USNM); Tantalus, 1M [no date] (O. Swezey, USNM); Honolulu 150 m, 6M, 1F, 20.viii.1992 (V. Becker & S. Miller, VBC); Kilauea, 2F, 20.v.1915 (A. Busck, USNM). TEXAS: Brewster Co.: Big Bend Nat’l. Pk., Green Gulch, 5400 ft, 1F, 2/ 4.vi.1986 (E. Knud- son, ECK). Brownsville Co.: 3M, 3F, 13.ii.1909 ( USNM); 4M, 5F, 20.i/ 22.iii.1937 (T. Freeman, EME). Cameron Co.: 1M, 16.xi.1973 (A. & M. Blanchard, USNM); 1M, 25.vii.1964, 1F, 19.xii.1964 (R. Kendall, USNM). Hidalgo Co.: Mercedes, 1M, 1F, 20/ 26.x.1958, 28.xii.1958, 1F, 9.iv.1969, 2M, 12.vii.1959, 1F, 7.xii.1959 (H. Schmalzried, EME), 12M, 7F [no date] (H. Schmalzried, USNM); Santa Ana Refuge, 1F, 13.xi.1971, 3M, 2F, 4.xi.1974, 1M, 25.xi.1973, 1M, 9.iii.1977 (A. & M. Blanchard, USNM); 1M, 14.v.1980 (E. Knudson, ECK); Bentsen St. Pk., 1M, 6.viii.1994 (E. Knudson, ECK).

DISTRIBUTION AND BIOLOGY. Apart from Hawaii, where A. emigratella was introduced ( Zimmerman, 1978), the species is known from Costa Rica to southern U.S.A. (Fig. 136). It apparently is multivoltine throughout its range.

IMMATURE STAGES ( Fig. 121). Eggs are green with a milky colleterial cover that exceeds the egg patch border. Larvae hatched in 11 days and fed on synthetic diet. Last instars are ca. 2.0 cm in length; the head is tan colored, with small dark brown lateral bands; the prothoracic shield is tan with narrow lateral dark brown bands. Development required 8 to 9 weeks ( JAP 82 J55, 82L 3, 85E 63.1, 90H18) .

HOST PLANT RECORDS. This species was reared from at least 20 different plant species representing 14 different plant families. Many of the host plant records are from rearings on economically important crops such as Persea americana (avocado), Macadamia integrifolia (macadamia), species of Citrus , Phaseolus (beans), Theobroma cacao (cocoa), etc. (Appendix III).