Polyorthini, , Janzen and Hallwachs, 2009

Brown, John W., Dyer, Lee A., Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago & Salcido, Danielle, 2019, New larval host records for Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from an Ecuadorian Andean cloud forest, Insecta Mundi 720 (720), pp. 1-12 : 4

Polyorthini

Based on a multi-gene phylogenetic analysis of Tortricidae, Regier et al. (2012) found Polyorthini to be the most basal lineage, sister-group to the remainder of the family. According to Horak (1998), the tribe has two centers of distribution (the Neotropical and Oriental-Australian regions) that are linked by related genera in South America and Australia, but the tribe also includes two highly divergent genera restricted to the Palearctic. Horak (1998) reports that “Rearing records are scarce and feeding modes diverse, including leaf-rolling and boring.”

There are several records of the polyorthine genus Lopharcha Diakonoff, 1941 feeding on Cinnamomum Schaeff. ( Meyrick 1918; Fletcher 1921; Diakonoff 1974; Liu and Kawabe 1993; Devasahayam and Abulla Koya 1993) and Litsea Lam. ( Dugdale 1966; Sam et al. 2017) (both Lauraceae ), and of the genus Polylopha Lower, 1901 on various Lauraceae and Annonaceae (e.g., Fletcher 1921; Diakonoff 1974, 1982) from the Old World. For New World Polyorthini, Janzen and Hallwachs (2009) have reared numerous undetermined and/or undescribed species of Histura Razowski, 1981 and Ardeutica Meyrick, 1913 on Nectrandra and Ocotea (Lauraceae) . Whereas most of these records probably refer to external-feeding larvae, two seed-feeding Histura have been reported, one on Persea (Lauraceae) in Guatemala ( Brown and Hoddle 2010) and one on Beilschmiedia pendula (Lauraceae) in Panama ( Brown 2019a).

In contrast to these Lauraceae-feeding genera, Pseudatteria volcanica (Butler, 1872) , a brightly colored, diurnal moth, and Polythora viridescens (Meyrick, 1912) have been reared from at least three species of Mollinedia Ruiz & Pav. (Monimiaceae) in Costa Rica and Brazil ( Becker 1970; Janzen and Hallwachs 2009), and Biclonuncaria Razowski and Becker, 1993 has been reared from Fabaceae ( Razowski and Becker 1993; Janzen and Hallwachs 2009). In Europe, Olindia Guenée, 1845 has been reared from Ranunculaceae , Saxifragaceae , and Euphorbiaceae ( Disque 1908; Bradley et al. 1973), and Isotrias Meyrick, 1895 from Rosaceae ( Bradley et al. 1973) . During the Ecuador survey one species of Polyorthini was encountered.