Carausius luchunensis, Ho, 2017

Ho, George Wai-Chun, 2017, Contribution to the knowledge of Chinese Phasmatodea V: New taxa and new nomenclatures of the subfamilies Necrosciinae (Diapheromeridae) and Lonchodinae (Phasmatidae) from the Phasmatodea of China, Zootaxa 4368 (1), pp. 1-72 : 48-51

Carausius luchunensis sp. nov.

(Figs. 203–206, 231–238, 290–291)

Types. Holotype: ♀, 1300–1400m, Huanglianshan, Luchun, Yunnan, China, 7.IX.2016, George Ho Wai-Chun (HKES); Paratypes: 2♂ & 1 egg (naturally laid by holotype ♀), 1300–1400m, Huanglianshan, Luchun, Yunnan, China, 6–7.IX.2016, George Ho Wai-Chun (HKES).

Diagnosis. Carausius luchunensis sp. nov. [ China (Yunnan)] is similar to C. novus sp. nov. [ China (Yunnan)], but can be separated by slender body, rectangular head and unwaved posterodorsal carina of protibiae in both sexes.

Description. Female (Figs. 203–204, 231–233, 237). Large size. General colouration of body and legs brown. Body elongate and very slender, surface rough, covered with a few small granules.

Head: Rectangular, flattened, longer than wide, as long as pronotum. Sparsely covered with small granules. Vertex unarmed. Occiput flat, with median and lateral longitudinal furrows, posterior margin with four small swellings. Compound eyes oval. Antennae long and filiform, surpassing apices of protibiae; scapus dorsoventrally flattened, slightly constricted basally, laterally carinate, longer than third segment; pedicellus shorter than third segment.

Thorax: Pronotum rectangular, paralleled to head, anterior margin curved inwards, posterior margin rounded, transverse and longitudinal sulci crossing just after middle area. Mesonotum slender and elongate, longer than combined length of metanotum and median segment; with very faint median longitudinal line, interspersed with small granules and short wrinkles. Metanotum wrinkled, shorter than mesonotum. Mesosternum lacking granulation. Mesopleurae and metapleurae with tubercle-like granules. Metasternum sparsely covered with a few small granules.

Abdomen: Cylindrical and rough, covered with small granules and short wrinkles. Median segment rectangular, two times longer than wide, longer than pronotum. Second to fourth tergites equal in length. Sixth tergum mediolongitudinally carinate, as long as fifth tergum, longer than second tergum, with a pair of laterally elongated expansions near posterior area, tapering apically. Seventh sternum with indistinct praeopercular organ posteromedially, small and hump-like. Eighth tergum as long as combined length of ninth tergum and anal segment. Anal segment as long as ninth tergum, with a small U-shaped emargination on posterior margin. Supraanal plate small and rounded. Subgenital plate boat-shaped, posterior margin pointed, median longitudinal carina strongly raised after middle area. Cerci short and small, apices not projecting over end of anal segment.

Legs: Profemora basally curved, shorter than mesonotum, posterodorsal carina waved, posteroventral carina raised. Protibiae as long as profemora, posterodorsal carina raised. First segment of protarsi lacking semi-circular lamella dorsally. Posteroventral carina of mesofemora and metafemora with two small spines near apices.

Male (Figs. 205–206, 234–236, 238). Body slender, distinctly slimmer and thinner than female. General colouration of body and legs brown.

Head: Rectangular, flattened, longer than wide, longer than pronotum. Surface lacking granulation. Vertex unarmed. Occiput with distinct median longitudinal furrow, posterior margin with four small swellings. Compound eyes oval. Antennae filiform and long, surpassing apices of protibiae; scapus dorsoventrally flattened, laterally carinate, longer than third segment; pedicellus shorter than third segment.

Thorax: Pronotum rectangular, anterior margin weakly incurved, posterior rounded, transverse and longitudinal sulci crossing just after middle area. Mesonotum slender and elongate, broadly emarginated medially, median longitudinal carina indistinct, with very few small granules. Metanotum shorter than mesonotum, covered with a few small granules. Mesosternum lacking granulation. Mesopleurae, metapleurae and metasternum with very few small granules.

Abdomen: Slender and cylindrical, with a few small granules. Median segment two times longer than wide.

Eighth tergum expanded posteriorly, shorter than anal segment. Anal segment longer than ninth tergum, split into two straight semi-tergites, interior surfaces with a few small dentations. Poculum cup-like, posterior margin rounded and reaching posterior margin of ninth tergum. Cerci short, cylindrical, not surpassing apices of semitergites.

Legs: Slender and long. Unarmed. Profemora incurved basally, posterodorsal carina raised. Protibiae shorter than mesonotum. First segment of protarsi lacking small semi-circular lamella dorsally. Mesofemora longer than metanotum. Posteroventral carina of mesofemora and metafemora with two small spines near apices. Hindlegs not extending beyond end of abdomen.

Measurements in Table 22 .

Eggs (Figs. 290–291). Capsule blackish brown, smooth, oval, posterior pole rounded. Micropylar plate oval. Micropylar cup placed at posterior margin of micropylar plate. Median line short, not distinct. Operculum blackish brown, smooth, with closed-stalked capitulum centrally, apically rounded.

Measurements. Length 3.2 mm, width 1.8 mm, height 2.0 mm.

Distribution. China (Yunnan).

Etymology. The specific epithet of this new species is derived from the type locality, Luchun (Yunnan, China).

Carausius novus sp. nov. (Figs. 207–210, 239–247)

Types. Holotype: ♀, 500–600m, Menglun , Mengla , Xishuangbanna , Yunnan, China, 6.IX.2015, George Ho Wai- Chun ( HKES) ; Paratype: 1♂, 500–600m, Bubang , Mengla , Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China, 8.IX.2015, George Ho Wai-Chun ( HKES) .

Diagnosis. Carausius novus sp. nov. [ China (Yunnan)] is similar to C. femoralis Chen & He, 2002 [ China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan & Yunnan)], but can be separated by slender body and smaller size in both sexes, lamellate elevations on fourth and sixth abdominal tergites and strongly waved posterodorsal carina of protibiae in female and distinctly waved anterodorsal carina of profemora and faintly granulated mesonotum in male.

Description. Female (Figs. 207–208, 239–242, 246). Medium-sized. General colouration of body and legs grayish brown. Body elongate and very slender.

Head: Oval, longer than wide, surface rough, covered with very few small granules. Vertex with a U-shaped crest between compound eyes. Occiput flat, median and lateral longitudinal furrows indistinct, posterior margin with four small swellings. Compound eyes rounded. Antennae filiform, reaching apices of protibiae; scapus dorsoventrally flattened, slightly constricted basally, medially carinate, three times longer than pedicellus, almost longer than third segment.

Thorax: Pronotum rectangular, anterior margin weakly curved inwards, posterior margin rounded, transverse and longitudinal sulci crossing after middle area. Mesonotum longer than combined length of metanotum and median segment, with indistinct hump-like granules, also interspersed with small granules and short wrinkles. Mesopleurae, mesosternum, metapleurae and metasternum sparsely covered with small granules.

Abdomen: Cylindrical and rough, covered with small granules and short wrinkles. Median segment as long as head. Fourth and sixth tergites with paired lamellate elevations. Seventh sternum with a granule-like praeopercular organ posteromedially. Anal segment almost as long as ninth tergum, posterior margin broadly emarginated, posterolateral angles pointed. Supra-anal plate mediolongitudinally carinate, posterior margin rounded and projecting over posterolateral angles of anal segment. Subgenital plate boat-shaped, with short tubercles situated at posterior half, also with median and lateral longitudinal carinae. Cerci short and obtuse, not projecting over end of anal segment.

Legs: Profemora basally curved, shorter than mesonotum, anterodorsal carina distinctly waved with small rounded serrations, posteroventral carina with a small dentate lamella apically. Posterodorsal carina of protibiae waved. First segment of protarsi with a semi-circular lamella dorsally. Posteroventral carina of mesofemora and metafemora with two small spines near apex.

Male (Figs. 209–210, 243–245, 247). Distinctly more slender than female.

Head: Oval, as long as pronotum. Vertex with a flattened U-shaped crest. Occiput flattened, median and lateral longitudinal furrows indistinct, posterior margin with four small swellings. Compound eyes rounded. Antennae filiform, reaching apices of protibiae; scapus dorsoventrally flattened, medially carinate, longer than pedicellus, as long as third segment.

Thorax: Pronotum slightly shorter than median segment, with transverse and longitudinal sulci just crossing after middle area. Mesonotum slender and elongate, broadly emarginated medially, median longitudinal carina distinct, with very few small granules. Metanotum shorter than mesonotum, covered with a few small granules. Mesosternum lacking granulation. Metasternum indistinctly granulated.

Abdomen: Slender and cylindrical. Dorsal surface rough, covered with a few small granules, ventral surface lacking granulation. Median segment almost two times longer than wide. Second tergum longer than third tergum. Third to sixth tergites equal in length, longer than seventh tergum. Seventh tergum as long as combined length of ninth tergum and anal segment. Eighth tergum expanded posteriorly, shorter than seventh tergum. Ninth tergum constricted posteriorly, being the widest tergum. Anal segment longer than ninth tergum, split into two straight semi-tergites, sub-truncate apically, interior surfaces with a few small dentations. Poculum cup-like, posterior margin rounded, reaching anterior margin of anal segment. Cerci short, cylindrical, surpassing apices of semitergites.

Legs: Slender and long. Unarmed. Profemora incurved basally, posterodorsal carina waved with flattened lamellae. Protibiae longer than mesonotum. First segment of protarsi with a small semi-circular lamella dorsally. Mesofemora longer than metanotum. Anteroventral and posteroventral carinae of mesofemora and metafemora with two shot spines near apex. Hindlegs not extending beyond end of abdomen.

Measurements in Table 23.

Distribution. China (Yunnan).

Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the word ‘novus’ (= new) referring this new species from Carausius.

Tables

TABLE 22. Measurements of Carausius luchunensis sp. nov.

Lengths (mm)	Female (HT)	Males (PT)
Body	131.0	94.0–97.0
Head	5.0	3.5
Antennae	41.0	45.0–48.0
Pronotum	5.0	3.5
Mesonotum	28.0	22.5–23.5
Metanotum	17.0	12.5
Median segment	5.0	3.5–4.0
Profemora	21.0	20.0–21.0
Mesofemora	17.0	15.0
Metafemora	20.0	18.0
Protibiae	22.0	23.0
Mesotibiae	18.0	18.0–19.0
Metatibiae	21.0	22.0–23.0