Padillothorax semiostrinus Simon, 1901
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https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1004.57526 |
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lsid:zoobank.org:pub:320559CF-19B5-423C-B7FB-72555290241A |
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https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7326FCF4-59CC-502E-8404-2FC62FDEA7C6 |
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Padillothorax semiostrinus Simon, 1901 |
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Padillothorax semiostrinus Simon, 1901 Figs 9 View Figures 4–35 , 17 View Figures 4–35 , 24 View Figures 4–35 , 32 View Figures 4–35 , 158-167 View Figures 158–167
Padillothorax semiostrinus Simon, 1901: 71.
Notes.
There has been confusion about the identity of P. semiostrinus . Prószyński (1987 p. 105) illustrated as P. semiostrinus a male and female from Simon’s collection that clearly belong to the group here called Indopadilla , as Prószyński’s illustrations show the group’s typical diagnostic features. If his illustrations had shown P. semiostrinus , then Indopadilla would have been junior synonym of Padillothorax . However, Prószyński’s illustrations are misidentified, representing a species quite distinct from P. semiostrinus , and which we describe above as Indopadilla vimedaba . Simon’s (1901a, b) descriptions are sufficient to show the distinctions. He notes the thorax of P. semiostrinus almost twice as long as the ocular quadrangle (approx. equal in Prószyński’s drawings and in Indopadilla generally), the carapace flatter than Bavia (as high or higher in Indopadilla ), the fovea well back of the posterior eyes (immediately behind in Indopadilla ), the retromarginal cheliceral teeth on a conical elevation ( Indopadilla without elevation), and the male endite with a corner (well rounded in male Indopadilla ). The last two distinctions are clear also in Simon’s illustration (1901b, p. 461), which shows the teeth on a mound and the lateral margin of the chelicera simple, in contrast to Prószyński’s illustration which shows the teeth not on a mound but spread along a ridge, and the lateral margin of the chelicera with an extended ridge (as in Indopadilla ). Even Simon’s name, Padillothorax , emphasizes the similarity to Padilla , whose distinctive carapace (flat, long, with short ocular quadrangle) is quite unlike the more standard carapace shown in Prószyński’s drawings and Indopadilla in general. Thus, Prószyński’s drawings are misidentified. He was likely misled by the vial's label, which appears much like those of Simon’s other types.
As to what is Padillothorax semiostrinus , we have not been able to examine the type specimens, as they have not yet been located in the MNHN Paris. However, specimens found recently in Singapore and Taiwan match well Simon’s (1901a) description, which we translate here to English (with the assistance of Charmaine Gorrie and Anna Bazzicalupo):
"♂. Length 7.5 mm. Cephalothorax low, long and oval, red-brown, darker towards the border; texture very wormy-coriaceous except for the middle of the thoracic part which is smoother. Cephalic area in front and at both sides, [and?] near the eyes, decorated with white-silver hairs. Two wide medial thoracic bands, nearly contiguous; a thin marginal line decorated with white-silver hairs. Few white hairs around the eyes. Clypeus very narrow, bald. Abdomen narrow and very long, decorated above with dark violet, a medial band that is wide, entire, and yellow-brick red, bordered in front with lines and behind with a series of spots covered with silver-white hairs, marked on each side with a straight line in front and two white oblique [or crosswise?] lines behind. Venter reddish-yellow. Spinnerets dark. Chelicerae shiny black, short and diverging, convex outside, inside somewhat ribbed, inferior margin having a sunken furrow, then very raised and armed with a series of contiguous teeth, the middle larger. Mouth area black. Laminae truncate at the tip, convex, but with a compressed corner that is slightly extended. Sternum yellow. First pair of legs much longer and thicker than the others, femur clavate, tibia long and ovate, dark brown, coxa and femur black, tarsus yellow, tibia and metatarsus with fringe of reasonably long but not very dense black hairs. Remaining legs pale yellow, armed by a few small spines, as in Bavia . Palps reasonably small, pale yellow, thick with white hairs; tibia and patella rather short, equipped at the outside with a [long?] apophysis with a straight front and a black and acute tip."
There are two apparent or possible conflicts between this description and the specimen seen in Figs 158-164 View Figures 158–167 . The most serious conflict is that the RTA in Fig. 158 View Figures 158–167 is short, but Simon’s description suggests the RTA is long. However, we were unable to understand the apparent use of genitive " apophysi " in " tibia patella breviore, extus ad apicem apophysi sat longa, antice directa, apice nigra et acuta, instructa ". What exactly is long: the tip of the apophysis, the apophysis, or the outer edge of the tibia to the tip of the apophysis? Second, his description refers to marks at the back of the abdomen that are " obliquus ", which would differ from Figs 164 View Figures 158–167 , 166 View Figures 158–167 if it were translated as “oblique”, but match if translated as “crosswise”. Otherwise Simon's description and his mouthparts illustration are an excellent match to the Singapore specimen, including the distinctive pair of nearly-touching wide thoracic bands, the pattern of the abdomen, the thorax rugosity except in the middle, the shape of the carapace and position of the fovea, the shininess and shape of the chelicerae, the mound bearing the retromarginal cheliceral teeth, the shape of the endite, the colours of the legs, and the yellow sternum.
We therefore provisionally identify the specimen of Figs 9 View Figures 4–35 , 17 View Figures 4–35 , 24 View Figures 4–35 , 32 View Figures 4–35 , 158-164 View Figures 158–167 as P. semiostrinus . Although we might have added “cf.” to its label to indicate our uncertainty (" P. cf. semiostrinus "), we avoid this so as to propose a stable concept of the species that could endure if Simon’s types are never found.
A juvenile found in Singapore (Fig. 165 View Figures 158–167 ) suggests the likely appearance of females. Males and females of this or a very similar species have been found in Taiwan, not yet examined, but with photographs posted in the website Facebook (Figs 166 View Figures 158–167 , 167 View Figures 158–167 ).
Natural history. The male in Singapore was found in the open on a simpoh air leaf ( Dillenia suffruticosa ). A video of the living juvenile (specimen AS19.2448) is available in Maddison (2020).
Material examined.
Adult male (specimen JK.20.06.20.001), in LKCNHM, from Singapore: Mandai Road, 1.4106°N, 103.7631°E. Y. Ng 20 June 2020. Juvenile (specimen AS19.2448), in UBCZ, from Singapore: Palau Ubin, 1.406°N, 103.971°E, 11 June 2019 Maddison/Morehouse et al. WPM#19-048.
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Padillothorax semiostrinus Simon, 1901
| Maddison, Wayne P., Beattie, Imara, Marathe, Kiran, Ng, Paul Y. C., Kanesharatnam, Nilani, Benjamin, Suresh P. & Kunte, Krushnamegh 2020 |
Padillothorax semiostrinus
| Simon 1901 |