Ankylopteryx (A.) yangi, Ma & Yang & Liu, 2020

Ma, Yunlong, Yang, Xingke & Liu, Xingyue, 2020, Notes on the green lacewing subgenus Ankylopteryx Brauer, 1864 (s. str.) (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) from China, with description of a new species, ZooKeys 906, pp. 41-71 : 41

Ankylopteryx (A.) yangi sp. nov. Figs 9 , 86-90 , 91-94 , 95-98 , 103 , 105 , 112

Material examined.

Holotype ♂, China, Guizhou, Libo, Maolan, Limingguan, 2013.X.14, Liu Xingyue (CAU). Paratypes 1 ♀, China, Guizhou, Libo, Maolan Limingguan, 2013.X.14, Liang Feiyang (CAU); 1 ♀, Taiwan, Pingtung, Lilungshan, 2013.VI.18, Liang Feiyang (CAU).

Diagnosis.

Frons with three brownish small spots between antennae, and anteriorly with two arcuate markings, which are more or less connected with each other at posterior ends; gena with long brownish stripe; clypeal markings contiguous with frontal markings posteriorly and labial markings anteriorly; maxillary palp and labial palp pale green. Thorax with mesonotum entirely brown; protibia and mesotibia with median markings. Forewing with intramedian cell short and wide. Abdomen with brownish markings on terga 2-8.

Description.

Measurements: Head width 0.7-1.0 mm; ratio of head width/eye width 1.72-1.74; prothorax 0.7-0.9 mm long and 0.85-1.0 mm wide. Forewing 11.5-13.9 mm long, 5.0-6.0 mm wide; length of first intramedian cell 0.98 mm; 12 radial cells; 4-5 Banksian cells (b cells), 4-5 lower Banksian cells (b' cells); 7-8 inner gradates, 7-10 outer gradates. Hind wing 10.0-13.5 mm long, 3.2-4.0 mm wide; 11 radial cells; 4-6 Banksian cells (b cell), 5-6 lower Banksian cell (b' cells); 4-6 inner gradates, 5-7 outer gradates.

Male. Head with vertex creamy yellow, immaculate; frons creamy yellow, with three small spots between antennae, brownish stripes below toruli, and a pair of median arcuate markings anteriorly, more or less connected with each other posteriorly; gena with long brownish stripe extending along inner ocular margin to posterolateral part of clypeus; tentorial pits with brownish margins; scape with brownish stripe; clypeus with brownish arcuate markings contiguous with frontal markings anteriorly and labial markings posteriorly; maxillary palp and labial palp pale green.

Prothorax almost pale green, with wide, brownish lateral stripe, and with white long setae. Mesothorax entirely brown dorsally, with sparse white long setae. Metathorax pale green, with sparse white long setae. Legs pale green, tarsomere 5 and pretarsal claws dark brown; protibia with a brownish median marking; mesotibia with a smaller median brownish marking.

Forewing broad, slightly tapering apically, hyaline; pterostigma brownish, extending over four crossveins; setae almost whitish; veins mostly pale green; costal crossveins at junctions with wing margin, radial crossveins at junctions with R and dcc brown; Radical sector (Rs) sinuated; transverse veins pale green; gradate series of crossveins almost brown; dcc closed. Hind wing narrow, more acutely tapering apically than forewing, hyaline; pterostigma faint, extending over three crossveins; transverse veins pale green; gradate series of crossveins almost brown.

Abdomen pale green, with brownish markings on terga 2-8, and tergal markings slightly wider than that on anteriorly neighbouring terga. Abdominal setae white, microsetae dense, and long setae sparse.

T9+ectoproct about half as long as tergum 8, with dorsal invagination shallow; ectoproct with rounded dorsal and posterior margins; callus cerci rounded, trichobothria densely ranged. S8+9 fused, as long as wide, with line of fusion not demarcated; lateral margin almost straight, posterior margin rounded. Only gonarcus, entoprocessus, and pseudopenis present. Gonarcus broadened at apex of lateral arms. Gonarcus with the general width normally broad; entoprocessus attached at about basal fourth of gonarcus, about half as long as gonarcus, medially fused forming an arch over pseudopenis; pseudopenis about twice as long as entoprocessus, broadened subapically, long and distinctly curved, and pointed apically; gonosaccus with sparse setae.

Female. External characters same as male. Sternum 7 distinctly convex posteromedially, setose posteriorly. Subgenitale and spermatheca with spermaduct present; subgenitale bilobed apically; spermatheca round, as wide as long; spermaduct coiled, much longer than spermatheca.

Distribution.

China (Guizhou, Taiwan).

Etymology.

This new species is dedicated to Professor Yang Chikun, who made tremendous contributions to the taxonomy of Chrysopidae from China.

Remarks.

This new species appears to be closely related to A. octopunctata candida in having similar frontal markings, but it differs from the latter species by the presence of median arcuate frontal markings (absent in A. octopunctata candida ), the ratio of gonarcus/entoprocessus (2.0 in A. yangi versus 1.0 in A. octopunctata candida ), and the distinctly curved pseudopenis (moderately curved in A. octopunctata candida ).

Key to Chinese species of Ankylopteryx (s. str.) (revised after Yang et al. 2005)1

Figures

Figure 112. Known distribution of Ankylopteryx (s. str.) species from China and neighboring countries. Ankylopteryx (A.) delicatula Banks (white triangle); Ankylopteryx (A.) doleschalii Brauer (black triangle); Ankylopteryx (A.) ferruginea Tsukaguchi (circle); Ankylopteryx (A.) magnimaculata Yang (white square); Ankylopteryx (A.) yangi sp. n. (black square).

Figures 1 - 9. Habitus photos of the Ankylopteryx species. 1 Ankylopteryx (A.) delicatula Banks, 1937 (Yunnan, Jinghong, sex unknown, CAU) 2 Ankylopteryx (A.) doleschalii Brauer, 1864, paratype (Indonesia, Ambonia, paratype, male, provided by NHMV) 3 Ankylopteryx (A.) ferruginea Tsukaguchi, 1995 (Guangxi, Longzhou, female, CAU) 4 Ankylopteryx (A.) gracilis Nakahara, 1955 (Guangxi, Ningming, female, CAU) 5 Ankylopteryx (A.) lii Yang, 1987 (Xizang, Zaeyu, paratype, male, CAU) 6 Ankylopteryx (A.) magnimaculata Yang, 1987 (Xizang, Zaeyu, holotype, male, CAU) 7 Ankylopteryx (A.) octopunctata candida (Fabricius, 1798) (Guangxi, Ningming, female, CAU) 8 Ankylopteryx (A.) yangi sp. nov. (Taiwan, Pingtung, paratype, female, CAU) 9 Ankylopteryx (A.) tibetana Yang, 1987 (Xizang, Zaeyu, holotype, male, CAU). Scale bars: 5.0 mm.

Figures 86 - 90. Ankylopteryx (A.) yangi sp. nov. (Guizhou, Libo, holotype, male, CAU). 86 head, frontal 87 head, lateral 88 head and thorax, dorsal 89 protibia and mesotibia 90 forewing and hind wing.

Figures 91 - 98. 91 - 94 Ankylopteryx (A.) yangi sp. nov., male abdomen (Guizhou, Libo, holotype, male, CAU). 91 segment A 7 - terminus, lateral 92 gonarcal complex, dorsal 93 gonarcal complex, lateral 94 gonarcus. 95 - 98 Ankylopteryx (A.) yangi sp. nov., female abdomen (Guizhou, Libo, paratype, female, CAU). 95 segment A 7 - terminus, lateral 96 terminalia, ventral 97 callus cerci 98 spermatheca. cc callus cerci ent entoprocessus g. l. gonaphophyses lateralis gsac gonosaccus gon gonarcus pp pseudopenis S 7 seventh sternum S 8 + 9 fused eighth + ninth sternum sg. d. dorsal lobe of subgenitale sg. v. ventral lobe of subgenitale sm spermatheca sm. d. spermathecal duct t. s. transverse sclerite T 8 eighth tergum T 9 + e ninth tergum + ectoproct.

Figures 99 - 107. Gonarcal complex. 99 Ankylopteryx (A.) lii Yang, dorsal 100 Ankylopteryx (A.) octopunctata candida (Fabricius), dorsal 101 Ankylopteryx (A.) tibetana Yang, dorsal 102 Ankylopteryx (A.) magnimaculatus Yang, dorsal 103 Ankylopteryx (A.) yangi sp. nov., dorsal 104 Ankylopteryx (A.) octopunctata candida (Fabricius), lateral 105 Ankylopteryx (A.) yangi sp. nov., lateral 106 Ankylopteryx (A.) ferruginea Tsukaguchi, dorsal 107 Ankylopteryx (A.) gracilis Nakahara, dorsal.

Figures 36 - 40. Ankylopteryx (A.) gracilis Nakahara (Japan, Okinawa, Iriomote-jima, male, CAU). 36 head, frontal 37 head, lateral 38 head and thorax, dorsal 39 protibia 40 forewing and hind wing.

Figures 23 - 29. Ankylopteryx (A.) ferruginea Tsukaguchi. 23 head, frontal 24 head, lateral 25 thorax, dorsal 26 protibia 27 mesotibia and metatibia 28 forewing 29 hind wing (23 - 27: Yunnan, Lancang, male, CAU; 28, 29: Hainan, Yinggeling, female, CAU).

Figures 18 - 22. Ankylopteryx (A.) doleschalii Brauer (Indonesia, Ambonia, holotype, ex, provided by NHMV). 18 head, frontal 19 head and thorax, dorsal 20 protibia and mesotibia 21 forewing 22 hind wing.

Figures 10 - 14. Ankylopteryx (A.) delicatula Banks (Yunnan, Jinghong, sex unknown, CAU). 10 head, frontal 11 head, dorsal 12 thorax, dorsal 13 protibia and mesotibia 14 forewing and hind wing. Veins (black lettering): C Costa Sc Subcosta R Radius Rs Radial sector Psc Pseudocubitus Psm Pseudomedia. Cells (red lettering): b 1, b 4 first, fourth upper Banksian cells b' 1, b' 4 first, fourth lower Banksian cells r 1, r 9, r 11 first, ninth, eleventh radial cell.

Figures 58 - 63. Ankylopteryx (A.) magnimaculatus Yang (Xizang, Zaeyu, holotype, male, CAU). 58 head, frontal 59 head, lateral 60 head and thorax, dorsal 61 protibia and mesotibia 62 forewing 63 hind wing.

Figures 64 - 66. Ankylopteryx (A.) lii Yang, male abdomen (Xizang, Zaeyu, holotype, male, CAU). 64 segment A 7 - terminus, lateral 65 gonarcal complex, dorsal 66 gonarcal complex, dorsolateral. cc callus cerci ent entoprocessus gsac gonosaccus gon gonarcus pp pseudopenis S 8 + 9 fused eighth + ninth sternum T 8 eighth tergum T 9 + e ninth tergum + ectoproct.

Figures 67 - 72. Ankylopteryx (A.) octopunctata candida (Fabricis) (Guangxi, Ningming, male, CAU). 67 head, frontal 68 head, frontolateral 69 head, thorax and protibia, dorsal 70 mesotibia 71 forewing 72 hind wing.

Figures 73 - 76. Ankylopteryx (A.) octopunctata candida Fabricius, male abdomen (Laos, Luang Namtha, male, CAU). 73 segment A 7 - terminus, lateral 74 callus cerci 75 gonarcal complex, dorsal 76 gonarcal complex, lateral. cc callus cerci ent entoprocessus gsac gonosaccus gon gonarcus pp pseudopenis S 8 + 9 fused eighth + ninth sternum T 8 eighth tergum T 9 + e ninth tergum + ectoproct.