Ameromyia pubiventris (Walker, 1860)

Tavares, Leon Gustavo de Miranda, Machado, Renato Jose Pires & Calor, Adolfo Ricardo, 2023, The Neotropical antlion genus Ameromyia Banks, 1913 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae), systematics and redefinition under a phylogenetic approach, Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny 81, pp. 499-553 : 499

4.13. Ameromyia pubiventris (Walker, 1860)

Figs 1D , 5A , 40

Myrmeleon pubiventris Walker 1860: 189 [Lectotype male, Santarem 5392 (BMNH) NHMUK010288179] [current designation]. - Banks 1913: 229 [new combination = Amazoleon pubiventris ].

Amazoleon pubiventris (Walker). - Banks 1913: 229 [new combination = Amazoleon pubiventris ]. - Banks 1943: 164 [key, distribution]. - Esben-Petersen 1920: 193 [ Foya trapezia and Myrmeleon tendinosus = Amazoleon pubiventris ]. - Markl 1954: 197, Fig. 15 (forewing base) [wing venation]. - Stange 1967: 45 [new combination = Ameromyia pubiventris ].

Ameromyia pubiventris (Walker). - Stange 1967: 45 [new combination = Ameromyia pubiventris ]. - Penny 1977: 38 [species list, distribution]. Stange 1994: 81 [species list]. - Stange 2004: 228 [species catalog]. - Oswald 2021 [species catalog]. - Machado and Martins 2022 [faunal catalog].

Distribution.

Brazil; Suriname (Fig. 13 ).

Diagnosis.

All wing veins with dashed dark brown and pale brown coloration pattern. Thorax dorsally pale in contrast to ventral face which is dark brown. Legs pale brown, with scattered dark brown spots. Abdomen pale brown with the distal third dark brown. Male genitalic sac extending laterally, and slightly dorsally above the gonarcus.

Description.

Adult. Head: Antennae with 26-29 flagellomeres. Flagellomeres pale brown, the ones at the club with many dark brown spots. Vertex light brown, with latitudinal dark brown streaks in anterior and middle row, and two brown spots in posterior row. Vertex decumbent setae black. Interantennal area pale or dark brown. Frons pale brown, frequently with dark brown patches centrally. Frons setae black. Interocular distance less than eye width. Clypeus pale brown. Labrum pale brown with gray patches medially. Mandibles light brown on basal half and dark brown on distal half. Palpi pale brown, with external face slightly darker. - Thorax: Thorax pale brown, with two dark brown longitudinal streaks dorsally. Thorax on lateral view dark brown, with an evident longitudinal pale brown band under the wings. Pronotum as broad as long, pale brown, with small dark brown spots and dark brown markings appearing as three longitudinal pale brown streaks. Mesonotum dark brown, mesoscutellum pale brown. Metascutum pale brown. - Wings: Wing tip acute. Veins with dashed dark and pale brown pattern. Wing membrane hyaline or with a brown tint, and dark brown infuscations on crossvein junctures. Forewing mediocubital area with dark infuscations around vertical crossveins in a uniform dotted pattern, culminating on rhegmal area. Forewing rhegmal area with an evident dark brown insfuscation. Forewing CuP and hind wing CuA veins extending before CuA and MP fork respectively, with at least four crossveins connecting them and posterior branch of fork. Pterostigma opaque, white, dark brown centrally, encompassing three to four crossveins. Cells delimited by transversal veins on hind wing posterior area longer than high. - Legs: Coxae dark brown on anterior face and pale brown on posterior face. Legs light brown with dark brown spots on setae insertion. Femur and tibiae with black bristles. Femur decumbent setae dark brown. Profemural sense hair longer than profemur and mesofemural sense hair much shorter than mesofemur. Tibial spurs slightly shorter than pretarsal claws. Tarsomeres light brown, with distal fourth dark brown. Pretarsal claws at least 1.5 times longer than basitarsus. - Abdomen: Abdomen pale and dark brown, sometimes banded, with many small dark brown spots. Tergites I-IV pale brown with, turning dark brown from tergite V onwards. Sternites II and III pale brown and marginally dark brown, and remaining sternites dark brown. Male paramere plates quadrangular with a round posterodorsal margin, on lateral view. Gonarcus arch positioned not above paramere plates on lateral view. Male genitalia clavate setae with a sickled club. - Larva. Larvae unknown.

Remarks.

Walker (1860), in Myrmeleon pubiventris original description, did not designate a holotype, but he provided species measurement variations, "Length of the body 19-23 lines; of the wings 27 lines". This suggests he analyzed more than one specimen as interpreted by Stange (2004), who mentioned syntypes in his catalog. We agree with Stange’s interpretation of syntypes, however, at the BMHN there is only one male specimen labeled as type (Fig. 40B ), and thus we are hereby designating this specimen as the lectotype. Furthermore, Walker (1860) did not state any data label, but only mentioned "Amazon Region". The lectotype label states “Santarem” which is a municipality in Pará state, located at the Brazilian Amazon region.

During this work, only specimens from Brazil were analyzed. However, Banks (1943) registered this species from Surinam (which was posteriorly mentioned by Stange (2004)). Stange (2004) also mentioned that the species occur in Venezuela, but without further details. Furthermore, we did not find this Venezuelan specimen in Stange’s collection, but we found one specimen of A. modesta from Venezuela misidentified as A. pubiventris . Therefore, we are considering this distribution data as dubious and we are not displaying it on our distributional map.

Despite the records for Surinam and the type locality in the Amazon Region, this species appears to be more abundant in open areas in the Cerrado and Caatinga biomes in Brazil.

Ameromyia pubiventris can be easily differentiated from A. modesta and A. guarica by leg coloration, and from A. protensa by the much smaller posterior area of forewing, and dashed Radial sector veins (Figs A , 40A ). Ameromyia pubiventris also has slender wings in comparison to A. protensa .

Examined material.

(124♀ 43♂ 8?) BRAZIL • 3♀ 3♂; Bates ; BMNH. - AMAZONAS • 1♀ 1♂; BMNH. - BAHIA • 1♂; Iaçu, Rio Paraguacu ; 15.v.2010 ; Bandeja; UFBA • 1♀; Santa Rita ; iv.1958 ; E.Dente; MZUSP • 1♀; Curaçá, Riacho do Zé, Ponto MCUR5; 05.v.2011 ; Bandeja; França, D.; UFBA. - GOIÁS • 2♀ 1♂; Alto Paraíso de Goiás, P.N.Chapada dos Veadeiros; 14°07′44″S 47°44′04″W; 31.vii.2018; Cerrado queimado/Malaise/P.3; Perioto and Lara cols.; DZUP • 1♀ 1♂, 2?; Alto Paraíso de Goiás, P.N.Chapada dos Veadeiros; 14°08′36″S 47°46′04″W 03.vii.2018; Cerrado/Malaise/Ponto 3; Perioto and Lara cols.; DZUP • 1♀; Porangatu ; 22.iv.2017 ; Col. Ativa; Andrade, Iury ; DZUP. - MARANHÃO • 1♀; Caxias, Faz. Bode ; 24-31.vii.1999 ; Arm. Malaise; F.L.Oliveira leg; CZMA • 1♀ 1♂; Mirador, Parque Est. Mirador, Base da Geraldina; 06°37′25″S 45°52′08″W; 13-19.viii.2012; armadilha luminosa; L.L.M. Santos, J.S.Pinto, Junior and L.S. Santos; CZMA • 1♀; Mirador, Parque Est. Mirador, Base da Geraldina; 06°37′25″S 45°52′08″W; 09-16.v.2013; armadilha luminosa; F. limeira de oliveira, C.F.Barros and A.A.Santos; CZMA • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 10-16.v.2013 ; Malaise; L.L.M. Santos, J.S.Pinto, Junior and L.S. Santos • 1?; same collection data as for preceding; 01-13.viii.2013 ; Armadilha de luminosa; F. Limeira de Oliveira , A.A. Santos and C.F. Barros; CZMA • 1♂; Mirador, Povoado Pindaíba (Mel); 06°39′44″S 45°01′37″W; 01-05.vi.2011; armadilha luminosa; F.Limeira de oliveira, G.A Reis and M.S; CZMA • 1♀; Mirador, Parque Est. Mirador, Posto Avançado do Mel; 06°43′50″S 44°58′59″W; 30-31.v.2011; armadilha luminosa; F. Limeira de Oliveira , A.A.Santos and T.T.A.Silva; CZMA • 1?; same collection data as for preceding; 02-08.v.2011 ; F.Limeira de oliveira, G.A Reis and M.S; CZMA • 1♀; Mirador, Parque Est. Mirador, Base da Geraldina ; 21-26.viii.2006 ; Arma. Luminosa; F. limeira de oliveira; CZMA • 1♀;same collection data as for preceding; 30.vi-04.vii.2008 ; M.J. Almeida Holanda • 1?; same collection data as for preceding; 21-25.vi.2007 ; F. limeira de oliveira • 1♀ 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 21-26.viii.2006 - MATO GROSSO • 2♀; Cuiabá, Recanto das sementes; vii-viii.2018; Coleta manual; L.G.O. Nunes; DZUP. - MINAS GERAIS • 1♀ 1♂, 1? Chapada Gaúcha, P.N. Grande Sertão Veredas; 15 º 10′26.8″S 47 º 43′19.9″W; 17.v.2018; A.luminosa 3/Cerrado; Perioto and Lara cols.; DZUP. - PARÁ • 1♀; Santarem ; BMNH. - PERNAMBUCO • 2♀; Buique, Catimbau; 08°31′26″S 37°15′12″W; 950m; 04.vi.2015; armadilhas; Almeida, Lucena, Tavares; DZUP. - PIAUÍ • 1♀; Guaribas, Parque Nacional Serra das Confusões; 09°08′28″S 43°33′42″W; 515m; 05.vi.2013; Arm. Luz; J.A.Rafael; INPA • 1?; Ribeira Gonçalves, E.E. Uruçuí-uma; 17-23.vi.84; Malaise cerrado; J.Graf; DZUP. - RIO GRANDE DO NORTE • 2♂; Serra Negra do Norte, Acude Campos ; 14.v.1994 ; Varela-Freire, A.; UFBA • 1♀ 1♂; Serra Negra do Norte, Acude Campos 1, margem ocidental; 5-06.vi.1997 ; BL (noite); Varela-Freire, A.; UFBA • 1♀ 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 6-07.iv.1997 • 1♂; Serra Negra do Norte, Acude Campos , margem ocidental; 30.iii.1994 ; Rede entomológica; Varela-Freire, A.; UFBA • 2♀ 1♂; Mossoró, Aqueduto ; 18-19.vi.1996 ; BL (noite); Varela-Freire, A.; UFBA • 4♂; Mossoró, Aqueduto ; 19-20.vi.1996 ; BL (noite) [illegible] de mata; Varela-Freire, A.A.; Mendonça, K; Nannorino, R.; UFBA • 1♀ 1♂; Mossoró, Canto do Amaro, Central de Residuos ; 18-19.vi.1996 ; BL (noite); Equipe ASS--A [illegible]; UFBA • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding • 3♀; Serra Negra do Norte, ESEc Seridó; 22-23.viii.2002 ; API (noite); Varela-Freire; UFBA • 2♀; Serra Negra do Norte, ESEc Seridó, casa da entrada; 15.vi.2003 ; API; Varela-Freire A.A. Col.; UFBA • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; vii-vii.2006 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 02-03.xi.2000 ; Col. Manual noturna • 2♀; same collection data as for preceding; 21.v.2003 ; API (18 • 00-24 • 00) • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 30.v.1997 ; Coleta manual, noturna • 2♀; same collection data as for preceding; 13.vi.2004 ; API (noite); Dias da Silva , J.P . • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 13.vi.2004 • 3♀; same collection data as for preceding; 14-15.viii.2002 ; Varela-Freire, A. • 3♀; same collection data as for preceding; 05-06.vii.2003 • 2♀; same collection data as for preceding; 21-22.vii.2002 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 30-31.viii.2002 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 13-14.ix.2002 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 08-09.v.2003 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 23.v.2003 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 09-10.v.2003 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 5-06.vii.2003 • 2♂; same collection data as for preceding; 08-09.v.2003 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 23.v.2003 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 28-29.vi.2003 ; API • 2♀; same collection data as for preceding; 22.v.2003 • 4♀; same collection data as for preceding; 20-22.vii.2003 • 2♀; same collection data as for preceding; 15-16.v.2003 • 3♀; same collection data as for preceding; 06.iv.2003 • 4♀; same collection data as for preceding; 07-08.vii.2003 • 3♀; same collection data as for preceding; 13-14.vii.2003 • 2♂; same collection data as for preceding; 7-08.vii.2003 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 15-16.v.2003 • 5♀; same collection data as for preceding; 22-23.v.2004 ; API (18-24h) • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 22-23.v.2005 • 2♀; same collection data as for preceding; 05-10.v.2003 ; API (noturno) • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 05-10.v.2003 • 3♀; same collection data as for preceding; 22-23.v.2000 ; Coleta manual, sob luz fluorescente • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 23.viii.1991 ; Coleta manual, sob luz fluorescente • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 17-18.vii.1999 • 2♂; same collection data as for preceding; 22-23.v.2000 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 10-12.v.2000 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 21-27.iv.2000 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 07-08.iv.2002 ; Armadilha luminosa • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 21.vii.2003 ; API (00 • 00-03 • 00) • 1♀; Serra Negra do Norte, ESEc Seridó, Sede ; 11.vi.1993 ; Manual noturna; Varela-Freire, A.; UFBA • 1♀; Serra Negra do Norte, ESEc Seridó, sede; 03-07.vi.1999 ; Coleta manual, noturna; Oliveira ( irmão), Varela-Freire, A; UFBA • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 25-26.vi.1999 ; Varela-Freire, A. • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 03-07.vi.1999 ; Varella, A.A.; Freire, C.A.V.; Oliveira irmão V.A. • 1♀; Serra Negra do Norte, Rio Espinharas, Chacara Nova Vida ; 26.vii.2009 ; Luz; Calor e Lecci; UFBA • 1♂; Natal, Guararapes ; 21.viii.2008 ; Manual; Ribeiro KG; UFBA • 1♀; Natal, UFRN Centro Biociencias ; 20.xi.2013 ; Coleta Manual; Machado, M.C.N.; UFBA • 1♂; Caicó, Ponte Rio Sabugi ; 22.vii.2009 ; Lençol; UFBA • 2♀; Lajes ; 20.vii.1990 ; armadilha luminosa; vegetação; Varela-freire; UFBA. - SÃO PAULO • 1♀; Populina ; 09.vi.2021 ; 19°56′31.1"S 50°32′24.3"W; Luz ( fogão); Calor, A.R.; UFBA • 1♀; Populina ; 14.vi.2021 ; 19°56′31.1"S 50°32′24.3"W; Coleta Manual ; Calor, A.R.; UFBA. - TOCANTINS • 1♂; Porto Nacional, Faz. Sao Judas Tadeu ; 04.vii.2011 ; Lençol iluminado; T.K., Krolow e equipe leg.; CEUFT • 1? Porto Nacional ; 20.v.2005 ; Rocha S.B.; CEUFT • 22♀ 5♂; S. Isabel do Morro, Ilha do Bananal ; vi.1961 ; M.Alvarenga; FSCA • 1♀; S. Isabel do Morro, Rio Araguaia, Ilha do Bananal ; 12-22.viii.1957 ; Borys Malkia; FSCA • 1♀; Santa Isabel, Ilha do bananal, Rio Araguaia ; 15-22.vii.1957 ; Berrys Malkin; CASC • 1♀; Santa Isabel, Ilha do Bananal ; vi.1961 ; M. Alvarenga; CASC.

Figures

Figure 1. Live specimens of Ameromyia. A A. strigosa, Argentina, by Quentin Vandemoortele. B A. muralli, Brazil, by Eli Vieira Araujo-Jnr. C A. modesta, Surinam, by Tom Murray. D A. pubiventris, Brazil, by Carlos Jose Correia de Santana. E A. clepsydra sp. nov., Brazil. F A. explicata sp. nov., Brazil. Latter photographs by Leon Tavares.

Figure 5. Ameromyia forewing color patterns: A A. pubiventris. B A. explicata sp. nov. C A. tendinosa, photograph by Lara Lopardo. Legend indicates wing vein pattern with associated terminology.

Figure 13. South America map showing the current distributional records for Ameromyia species in the Ameromyia modesta species group.

Figure 15. Collection site and habitat of Ameromyia clepsydra sp. nov., in Andarai, Bahia, Brazil: A site surroudings and sandy substrate on bedrock. B Second-instar larvae exposed in its " trench ". D Third-instar larvae exposed on its " trench ". D Empty, open coccoon on bedrock crevice. - Abbreviations: cc, coccoon; sp, sand pools.

Figure 40. Ameromyia pubiventris: A Lectotype, dorsal view. B Lectotype, habitus, dorsal view, with type labels, photographed by Ben Price (BMNH). C Lectotype, head, thorax and legs, lateral view. D Lectotype, head and legs, frontal view. E Lectotype terminalia, lateral view. F Illustration of male genitalia, lateral view. - Abbreviations: cs, clavate setae; et, ectoproct; etl, ectoproct postventral lobe; go, gonarcus; hs, hinge setae; pah, paramere hinge; pap, paramere plate; pat, paramere tooth; st, sternite; tg, tergite.