Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758)

Jouladeh-Roudbar, Arash, Ghanavi, Hamid Reza & Doadrio, Ignacio, 2020, Fig. 4 in Fig. 4 in Fig. 3 in Fig. 21. Sesarmops mora n in Paralbunea dayriti, Zoological Studies 59 (21), pp. 1-303 : 20-21

Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) – Non-native ( Fig. 28)

Muraena anguilla Linnaeus [C.] 1758: 245; Type locality: Europe, Mediterranean Sea, Baltic Sea, northeastern Atlantic. No types known.

Muraena anguilla var. acerine Schneider [J. G.] in Bloch & Schneider 1801: 560; Type locality: No locality. No types known.

Muraena anguilla anguillechien Schneider [J. G.] in Bloch & Schneider 1801: 560; Type locality: No locality [Seine River, France]. No types known.

Muraena anguilla guiseau Schneider [J. G.] in Bloch & Schneider 1801: 560; Type locality: “Sequanam” [Seine River, northern France]. No types known.

Anguilla vulgaris Shaw [G.] 1803: 15; Type locality: No locality. No types known.

Anguilla vulgaris Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810: 37; Type locality: Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. New name for Muraena anguilla Linnaeus 1758 .

Anguilla acutirostris Risso [A.] 1827: 198; Type locality: Nice , France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Holotype (unique): MNHN (not found).

Anguilla latirostris Risso [A.] 1827: 199; Type locality: Nice , France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Holotype (unique): MNHN (not found).

Anguilla mediorostris Risso [A.] 1827: 199; Type locality: Nice , France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Holotype (unique): MNHN (not found).

Anguilla fluviatilis Anslijn [N.] 1828: 226; Unneeded new name for Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus 1758) .

Muraena oxyrhina Ekström [C. U.] 1832: 287; Type locality: Mörkö Island, near Stockholm, Sweden. No types known.

Muraena platyrhina Ekström [C. U.] 1832: 287; Type locality: Mörkö Island, near Stockholm, Sweden. No types known.

Anguilla canariensis Valenciennes [A.] 1843: 88; Type locality: Teneriffe, Canary Islands. Lectotype: MNHN 0000–3783. Paralectotypes: MNHN 0000–3784 (3).

Anguilla cloacina Bonaparte [C. L.] 1846: 38; Type locality: France. No types known.

Anguilla nilotica Heckel [J. J.] 1847: 313; Type locality: Nile River, Egypt, North Africa. Syntypes: MNHN 0000–3769 to 0000– 3771 (1, 1, 1).

Anguilla fluviatilis Gistel [J.] 1848: 104; Type locality: Der Gauzen Erde. No types known.

Anguilla migratoria Krøyer [H. N.] 1849: 616; Type locality: Denmark. No types known.

Anguilla callensis Guichenot [A.] 1850: 111; Type locality: La Calle, Algeria, western Mediterranean Sea. Syntypes: (10) MNHN 0000–3160 (5), 0000–3220 (1), 0000–3774 (4).

Anguilla platyrhynchus Costa [O. G.] 1850: p. 50; Type locality: Lake Ligola, Italy. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown.

Anguilla aegyptiaca Kaup [J. J.] 1856: 4; Type locality: Nile River, Egypt. Syntypes: MNHN 0000–3772 (1), 0000–3773 (1).

Anguilla altirostris Kaup [J. J.] 1856: 37; Type locality: Mouth of Seine River , France, La Manche /English Channel, northeastern Atlantic. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000–3768.

Anguilla ancidda Kaup [J. J.] 1856: 37; Type locality: Sicily and Pergamont, Italy. Syntypes: MNHN 0000–3767 (1), 0000–3780 (1)

Anguilla bibroni Kaup [J. J.] 1856: 54; Type locality: Sicily, Italy. Syntypes: MNHN 0000–3760 (1), 0000–3779 (3).

Anguilla capitone Kaup [J. J.] 1856: 34; Type locality: Naples, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000–3762.

Anguilla cuvieri Kaup [J. J.] 1856: 54; Type locality: Abbeville, France. Syntypes: MNHN 0000–3758 (2), 0000–3759 (7).

Anguilla kieneri Kaup [J. J.] 1856: 54; Type locality: Toulon, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Holotype: MNHN 0000–3757.

Anguilla melanochir Kaup [J. J.] 1856: 35; Type locality: Tiber River , Italy. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000–3764.

Anguilla microptera Kaup [J. J.] 1856: 36; Type locality: Bay of Algeciras , Spain, eastern Atlantic. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000–3766.

Anguilla morena Kaup [J. J.] 1856: 35; Type locality: Naples, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000–3763.

Anguilla malgumora Kaup [J. J.] (ex Schlegel) 1856: 42; Type locality: Borneo [in error]. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-9954.

Anguilla marginata Kaup [J. J.] 1856: 36; Type locality: Valencia, Spain. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000–3765.

Anguilla platycephala Kaup [J. J.] 1856: 38; Type locality: Abbeville, France. Syntypes: MNHN 0000–3210 (1), 0000–5707 (now 4).

Anguilla savignyi Kaup [J. J.] 1856: 55; Type locality: Naples, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Holotype: MNHN 0000–3131 [?3731].

Leptocephalus brevirostris Kaup [J. J.] 1856: 150; Type locality: Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Holotype: MNHN 0000–2901. Possible types: BMNH 1860.9 .31.4 (1), ZMB 4742 (1) Messina.

Anguilla eurystoma Heckel [J. J.] & Kner [R.] 1857: 325; Type locality: Dalmatia, Croatia, Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea). Syntypes: (2) NMW 9284 (1).

Anguilla hibernica Couch [J.] 1865: 328; Type locality: Liffey River, Dublin, Ireland. No types known.

Anguilla oblongirostris Blanchard [C. E.] 1866: 496; Type locality: Huveaune stream, near Marseille, France; Lot river; Lake Bourget, France. Syntypes: MNHN 1880–0343 (5), 9985 (1).

Anguilla anacamptoentera Balsamo-Crivelli [G. G.] & Maggi [L.] 1873: 229; Type locality: Italy.

Anguilla orthoentera Balsamo-Crivelli [G. G.] & Maggi [L.] 1873: 229; Type locality: Italy.

Anguilla brevirostris Cisternas [R.] 1877: 108; Type locality: Valencia, Spain. No types known.

Anguilla linnei Malm [A. W.] 1877: 590; Type Locality: Sweden. Original as Linnéi. Unneeded replacement name for Muraena anguilla Linnaeus 1758 (to avoid “Strickland tautonomy”).

Common name: Pr: Marmahi-ye ma’muli, Marmahi mohajer, Marmahi-ye haghighi, En: European eel.

Diagnosis: Elongated, anguilliform body with the long and spineless dorsal and anal fins and the absence of pelvic fins. Gill openings small and vertical, restricted to the sides, Green-brown colored.

Meristic characters: D: 240–276, A: 170–248, P: 14–18.

Distribution: Caspian Sea basin ( Fig. 29). Holčík and Oláh (1992) reported this species from the Anzali Wetland. It is also reported commonly from the southeast, southwest and south-central shores of Caspian Sea. In Iranian waters it is considered an non-native species, as it reaches there as a result of human activities. This species established itself in the Caspian Sea after the opening of the Volga-Baltic waterway and the introduction of larvae from France and England and was recorded from fresh waters in Azerbaijan.

Taxonomy: Ege (1939) placed in Anguilla .

Conservation: IUCN: Critically Endangered A2bd+4bd (Native population, Jacoby and Gollock 2014), PC: Non-native, Not Applicable.