Carcharhinus leucas (Müller and Henle, 1839)

Jouladeh-Roudbar, Arash, Ghanavi, Hamid Reza & Doadrio, Ignacio, 2020, Fig. 4 in Fig. 4 in Fig. 3 in Fig. 21. Sesarmops mora n in Paralbunea dayriti, Zoological Studies 59 (21), pp. 1-303 : 7-13

Carcharhinus leucas (Müller and Henle, 1839) –

Native ( Fig. 12 )

Carcharias (Prionodon) leucas Valenciennes [A.] in Müller & Henle 1839: 42; Type locality: Antilles, western Atlantic. Syntypes: (4) MNHN A-9650 (1, dry), A-9652 (1, dry), uncat. (2, lost).

Carcharias (Prionodon) zambezensis Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1852: 276; Type locality: Zambezi River , Mozambique. Holotype (unique): ZMB 4468 .

Prionodon platyodon Poey [F.] 1860: 336; Type locality: Cuba. No types known. Plate published in 1861.

Squalus obtusus Poey [F.] 1861: 337; Type locality: Cuba. As Prionodon obtusus on plate.

Eulamia nicaraguensis Gill [T. N.] in Gill & Bransford 1877: 190; Type locality: Lake Nicaragua, Nicaragua. Holotype (unique): USNM 16887 (skin, skull, jaws).

Carcharias azureus Gilbert [C. H.] and Starks [E. C.] 1904: 11; Type locality: Panama. Holotype: CAS-SU 11890. Paratypes: (2) BMNH 1903.5.15.338 (1) Panama.

Carcharias spenceri Ogilby [J. D.] 1910: 3; Type locality: Brisbane River , Queensland. Australia. Holotype (unique): not at QM [ AFAQ 290 , jaws only].

Galeolamna (Bogimba) bogimba Whitley [G. P.] 1943: 123; Type locality: Bogimbah , Fraser Island, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): AMS IB.1225 (teeth and skin).

Galeolamna greyi mckaili Whitley [G. P.] 1945: 1; Type locality: Swan River District , Western Australia. Holotype (unique): AMS IB.508.

Carcharhinus vanrooyeni Smith [J. L. B.] 1958: 12 [Veld & Vlei v. 3 (no. 9]; Type locality: St. Lucia, KwaZulu-Natal , South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. Syntypes: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 175 (1). Described from several specimens and a figure; one specimen at SAIAB [formerly RUSI].

Common name: Pr: Kooseh, Bambak, Kuli, Sag mahi En: Bull shark.

Diagnosis: The only shark species usually encountered in Iranian fresh waters and can be recognized by a very short, blunt and broadly rounded snout, small eyes, triangular saw-edged upper teeth, and the lack of an interdorsal ridge.

Meristic characters: Symphysial teeth present on both jaws, tooth formula 12–14/12–13 on each side of

Collection Abbr. full name, country, other abbreviations and old names

AMNH American Museum of Natural History, New York, U.S.A. AMS Australian Museum, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Old Name: Colonial Museum Sydney (1827–1836). ANSP Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. BMNH Natural History Museum, London, U.K Other Abbr.: NHM, NHMUK. Old Name: British Museum; British Museum (Natural

History). CMNFI Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada. (Same as NMC - National Museums of Canada). FCFUK Fish collection, Fish Department, University of Kurdistan, Iran. FMNH Division of Fishes, Department of Zoology, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A. Other Abbr.: CMNH. FSJF Fischsammlung Jörg Freyhof, Berlin, Germany. GUIC Ichthyological Museum, Department of Fisheries. Natural Resources Faculty, University of Guilan, Guilan Province, Iran. IBTS Taxonomy Research Group, Research Centres in Biology Field, University of Bucharest, Tr. Savulescu, Bucharest, Romania.

Other Abbr.: ISBB. Old Name: Institutul di Biologie; Institutul de Stiinte Biologice; "Tr. Savulescu". IMNRF-UT Ichthyological Museum of Natural Resources Faculty, University of Tehran, Iran. IZA Universita degli Studi dell'Aquila, Instituto di Zoologia, Aquila, Italy. Moved to Dept. of Zoology, Naples University, Italy. IZAB Institute of Zoology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan. Other Abbr.: ZIAZ, IZA. LSL Linnean Society of London, London, England, United Kingdom. Other Abbr.: LS. MHNG Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Département d'Herpétologie et Ichthyologie, Ville de Genève, Genève, Switzerland. Other

Abbr.: MNG. MNHN Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle, Systématique et Évolution, Laboratoire d'Ichthyologie Générale et Appliquée, Paris,

France. Other Abbr.: MNHN-IC. MUFS Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan. MZUF Universita di Firenze, Museo Zoologico e Historia Naturale de la Specola, Firenze, Italy MZUT Università di Torino, Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell'Uomo, Museo Zoologico, Torino, Italy. NMW Naturhistorisches Museum, 1. Zoologische Abteilung, Fische, Wien (Vienna), Austria. NRM Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Ichthyology Section, Stockholm, Sweden. RMNH Naturalis - National Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden, Netherlands. Old Name: Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Histoire,

Leiden, Netherlands. ROM Royal Ontario Museum, Department of Natural History, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. SMF Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Abteilung Marine Zoologie, Sektion Ichthyologie, Frankfurt am Main,

Hessen, Germany. SMNS Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde in Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Other Abbr.: MNS. Old

Name: Herzoglich Württembergische Kunstkammer zu Stuttgart, Naturkundliche Sammlungen (ca. 1600–1762);

Herzogliches Naturalien-Cabinett und Kunstkammer (1762–1791); Herzogliches Naturalien-Cabinett (1791–1899);

Königliche Naturaliensammlung (1899–1918); Staatliche Naturaliensammlung (1918-1950). AlterNative (Figure)

Name: NATURKUNDEMUSEUM STUTTGART; FORSCHUNGSMUSEUM AM LÖWENTOR UND SCHLOSS

ROSENSTEIN; NATURMUSEUM STUTTGART. SNMB Slovak National Museum, Natural Science Museum, Bratislava, Slovakia. SPMN Museum of Natural and Environmental History, Shizuoka, Japan. TUIC Terhan University Ichthyological Collection, Karaj, Iran.

Collection Abbr. full name, country, other abbreviations and old names

UBC University of British Columbia, Centre for Biodiversity, Department of Zoology, Biological Sciences Building, Cowan Vertebrate Museum, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

UMMZ University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A.

USNM Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Department of Vertebrate Zioology, Division of Fishes, Washington D.C., U.S.A. Old Name: United States National Museum.

VMFC Personal collection of Vatandoust and Mousavi-Sabet, Tehran, Iran.

ZFMK Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander König, Abteilung Wirbeltiere, Ichthyologie, Bonn, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany. Other Abbr.: ZFMK-ICH. Old Name: Zoologisches Forschunginstitut und Museum Alexander König.

ZIN Laboratory of Ichthyology, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia. Other Abbr.: ZIAS, ZISP, ZIL. Old Name: Academy of Sciences of the U.S. S.R.

ZMA Originally: Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Zoölogisch Museum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

ZMB Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin, Germany. Other Abbr.: ISZZ, ZMHU. Old Name: Humboldt-Universität, Museum für Naturkunde, Zoologisches Museum, Vertebraten (Wirbeltiere), Ichthyologie, Berlin, Germany.

ZM-CBSU Zoological Museum of Shiraz University, Collection of Biology Department, Shiraz, 71454, Iran.

ZMH Universität Hamburg, Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum, Ichthyology, Hamburg, Germany. Usually seen as: Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum der Universität Hamburg. Other Abbr.: NMH, ZIM. Old Name: Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum der Universität Hamburg.

ZMH Universität Hamburg, Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum, Ichthyology, Hamburg, Germany. Usually seen as: Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum der Universität Hamburg. Other Abbr.: NMH, ZIM. Old Name: Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum der Universität Hamburg.

ZMMU Zoological Museum, Biological Faculty, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia. Other Abbr.: ZMMGU, MMSU, ZMMSU, ZMMGY. Old Name: Cabinet of Natural History at the Imperial Moscow University (1791–1930).

ZMT S. Janashia State Museum of Georgia, Zoological Section, Georgian Academy of Sciences, Tbilisi, Georgia. Old Name: Georgia State Museum.

ZMUC Københavns Universitet, Zoologisk Museum, Vertebrater, Fiskesamlingen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Other Abbr.: UZMK, ZMC.

ZMUU Uppsala Universitet, Zoologiska Museet, Uppsala, Sweden. Other Abbr.: UUZM, ZMU.

ZSI Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India. Other Abbr.: ZSI-CLT.

jaws. Precaudal vertebral centra 101–103, TV: 198–227.

Distribution: Tigris basin ( Fig. 13). The species has been recorded from the Tigris River (above Baghdad, about 850 km from the sea) and Karun River (close to Ahvaz or Shooshtar), but since the construction of various dams on the rivers, this species is found in Arvand River estuary.

Taxonomy: Compagno (1973) in Hureau and Monod 1973 placed in Carcharias .

Conservation: IUCN: Near Threatened ( Simpfendorfer and Burgess 2009).

CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII Order ACIPENSERIFORMES (1 family, 2 genera, 5 species) Family Acipenseridae (2 genera, 5 species) Genus Acipenser Linnaeus, 1758

Figures

Fig. 12. Carcharhinus leucas. Photograph from Persian Gulf (Photographed by F. Koniyeh).