Xiphydria annulitibia Takeuchi, 1936

Shinohara, Akihiko, Hara, Hideho & Smith, David R., 2020, The Xiphydria annulitibia group in northeastern Asia (Hymenoptera, Xiphydriidae), Zootaxa 4755 (2), pp. 375-389 : 377-382

Xiphydria annulitibia Takeuchi, 1936

( Figs 1A , 3A–C, 4A, 5A)

Xiphydria annulitibia Takeuchi, 1936: 55 ; Takeuchi, 1938: 182; Miyatake, 1950: 38; Watanabe, 1956: 9; Smith, 1978: 113; Abe & Togashi, 1989: 559; Togashi, 1991: 175; Zhelochovtsev & Zinovjev, 1996: 376; Kubo, 2000: 296; Shinohara, 2000: 296; Togashi & Yamamoto, 2000: 722; Shinohara, 2001: 282; Nagase, 2004: 1254; Naito et al., 2004: 69; Lelej & Taeger, 2007: 960; Taeger et al., 2010: 119; Smith et al., 2011: 67; Sundukov & Lelej, 2012: 114; Shinohara, 2014: 473; Sundukov, 2015: 253; Sundukov, 2017: 115; Hara & Shinohara, 2018: 108; Nagase & Watanabe, 2018: 950.

Euxiphydria amphybolia Sundukov, in Sundukov & Lelej, 2012: 115 ; Sundukov, 2015: 252; Sundukov, 2017: 115. Synonymized by Hara & Shinohara, 2018.

Redescription. Female (holotype, Figs 1A , 3A–C, 4A, 5A). Length without ovipositor about 10.0 mm. Head black. Mouth parts dark brown; mandible pale brownish except for blackish apex. Antenna black. Thorax black, with tegula pale brown. Legs black; bases of all tibiae (broadly in mid and hind legs) and most of hind tarsomere 1 whitish; most of fore tibia, apical half of mid tibia and fore and mid tarsi brown; apical half of hind tibia and hind tarsus (except for most of tarsomere 1) blackish brown. Wings uniformly very slightly stained with blackish brown; veins and stigma blackish brown. Abdomen black, with small lateral spots on terga 4 and 5 and broad lateral spot on tergum 8 creamy white; ovipositor sheath with apical half of basal sheath, small spot at base of apical sheath and very narrow apex brown.

Malar space about 0.5× length of distance between toruli, with ventral pit deep and sharply delimited; occipital carina (crassa) distinct, entire; genal carina developed nearly to vertex but their dorsal ends widely separated from each other; inner orbits subparallel, interocular distance at level of toruli about 1.4× eye height. Labial palpus with 3 palpomeres; maxillary palpus with 4 palpomeres. Both antenna with 17 antennomeres; scape (incl. radicula):pedicel:flagellomere 1:flagellomere 2 as 2.3:1.0:1.7:1.0. Hind tarsomere 1 about 0.8× length of remaining tarsomeres combined; tarsal claws with large inner tooth. Forewing with cell 3R1 narrowly open at apex (vein R1 fading out before reaching vein Rs); cell 2Rs about as wide as cell 1M; crossvein 2r-m basal to crossvein 2m-cu on vein M; hindwing with cell R1 open at apex ( Fig. 4A ). Abdominal tergum 10 normal, not directed dorsally at apex in lateral view ( Fig. 5A ). Ovipositor sheath with apical sheath subequal in length to basal sheath.

Frons and interantennal area rugose ( Fig. 3A, B ); fine ridges extending laterally and anterolaterally from each lateral ocellus to inner orbit and similar ridges extending anteriorly and anterolaterally from ocellar area through supraclypeal area to clypeus; median fovea inconspicuous; gena roughly shallowly rugose, with some large ill-defined punctures; lateral clypeus to lower inner orbit nearly smooth with very fine striae, without distinct punctures. Pronotum irregularly wrinkled in dorsal half, smooth with several longitudinal ridges at middle, and very smooth and impunctate in ventral half; propleuron roughly shallowly wrinkled but without distinct punctures and surface rather smooth; mesoscutal median lobe coarsely reticulate; lateral lobes reticulate with large elongate patch nearly smooth and impunctate; mesoscutellum densely rugoso-reticulate, area along mid line and lateral part nearly smooth and impunctate; mesepisternum covered with large punctures, pilose, with interspaces smooth; mesepimeron nearly impunctate, coarsely and obliquely wrinkled; metepisternum and metepimeron coarsely rugoso-reticulate. Abdomen with tergum 1 coarsely punctate, each half centrally and with broad inner and posterior margins nearly impunctate and shining; other terga weakly shining with very fine surface microsculpture, terga 2 and 3 nearly smooth.

Male. Unknown.

Variation. The length without ovipositor varies from 7.0 to 15.5 mm. The color characters are quite stable, but the vertex rarely has a pair of obscure pale spots and abdominal terga 3 and 6 rarely have small pale spots laterally. Numbers of the labial and maxillary palpomeres are constant, but the maxillary palpus rarely has five palpomeres. The antenna usually (ca. 74 %) has 16 or 17 antennomeres (n=76; 14 antennomeres in 2 antennae, 15 in 5 antennae, 16 in 28 antennae, 17 in 28 antennae, 18 in 9 antennae and 19 in 4 antennae). Cell 3R 1 in the forewing and cell R 1 in the hindwing are rarely closed (when closed, veins R1 and Rs meet at the anterior margin of the wing). The apical sheath is about 0.9–1.1× as long as the basal sheath.

Distribution. Japan (Hokkaido, Kunashiri Is., Honshu, Shikoku). Korea, Russia (Sakhalin, Primorskij kraj).

Type material examined. Holotype: ♀, “ Saghalien, C. Watanabe, T. Inoue ” “ Maoka , 24. VII. 1934 ” “ Xiphydria annulitibia Takeuchi , Holotype ” ( NSMT).

Other material examined (23♀ from Hokkaido, 33♀ from Honshu, 4♀ from Shikoku ). 4♀ from Hokkaido and 15♀ from Honshu listed by Hara & Shinohara (2018). Additional material. HOKKAIDO: 1♀, Rindou, Tyû- betsu, 22. VII. 1990, LT, Y. Nishijima ( HU); 1♀, Mitsumata , Kamishihoro , 43.5205N / 143.0992E, 2. VIII. 2013, R. Matsumoto ( OMNH); 1♀, Bibai, Minamibibai , 43°18’N 141°53’E, 15–27. VII. 2019, Sankei trap, Yellow, H. Hara ( NSMT); 1♀, Kuriyama-cho, 206 m, 42°55’N 141°56’E, selectively cut forest, 25. VI.–16. VII. 2008, Malaise trap, A. Ueda ( USNM); 1♀, Yuni-cho, brooklet beside Kuobetsu-gawa, Sorachi, 42.882°N 141.951°E, 5–15. VIII. 2007, Malaise trap, N. Kuhara ( USNM); 1♀, Sapporo, 6. VII. 1958, T. Kumata ( HU); 1♀, Maruyama , Sapporo , 2, 7. VIII. 1970, S. Kinoshita ( EU); 2♀, Hitsujigaoka , Sapporo , 43°00’28’’N 141°24’53’’E, 4–5. VIII. 2009, K. Konishi ( EU); 1♀, same data except 6–13. VI. 2010 ( USNM); 1♀, same data except 29. VI.–6. VII. 2010 ( USNM); 1♀, same data except 27. VII.–3. VIII. 2010 ( USNM); 3♀, same data except 4–11. VII. 2011 ( USNM); 1♀, same data except 11–18. VII. 2011 ( USNM); 1♀, Jyozankei, 19. VII. 1946, Sh. Sakagami , “ Xiphydria annulitibia Takeuchi , ♀, Det. C. Watanabe , 1946” ( HU, cited by Watanabe 1956); 1♀, Izumisawa , Chitose , 1. VII. 1996, Y. Nishijima ( HU); 1♀, Apoi, 2–4. VII. 1933, C. Watanabe, “ Xiphydria annulitibia Takeuchi , ♀, Det. C. Watanabe , 1946” ( HU, cited by Watanabe 1956). HONSHU: Ibaraki Pref.: 1♀, Ogawa, B7, Kitaibaraki city, Ibaraki-ken, 13. VI. 1990,

S. Makino ( NSMT); 1♀, same data except Y6 ( NSMT); 1♀, same data except Y7 ( NSMT); 2♀, same data except Y10 ( NSMT); 3♀, same data except B7, 27. VI. 1990 ( NSMT); 1♀, same data except B8 ( NSMT); 3♀, same data except Y7 ( NSMT); 2♀, same data except Y8 ( NSMT); 1♀, same data except Y9, 11. VIII. 1990 ( NSMT). Kanagawa Pref.: 3♀, Ikuta-ryokuchi, Kawasaki, Trap , 18. V.–1. VI. 2001, T. Waki ( NSMT). SHIKOKU: Ehime Pref.: 1♀, Mt. Ishizuchi, 26. VII. 1947, M. Uwagawa ( EU, cited by Miyatake 1950); 1♀, Mt. Saragamine , Touon-shi, 900–1100 m, 13. VII. 2008, Y. Yamauchi ( EU); 1♀, Koyayama , Odamiyama , 3. VII. 1997, E. Yamamoto ( EU, cited by Togashi & Yamamoto 2000); 1♀, Odamiyama , 5–12. VII. 1994, Trap No. 1, benzyl acetate ( EU).

Host plant. Unknown. Sundukov & Lelej (2012) and Sundukov (2015) recorded Alnus (Betulaceae) and Acer mayrii (Sapindaceae) for X. annulitibia and Phellodendron amurense (Rutaceae) , Betula mandshurica (Betulaceae) , Acer ukurunduense and A. mayrii (Sapindaceae) for Euxiphydria amphybolia . These host records are not based on rearing or observation of oviposition and therefore need confirmation.

Remarks. Xiphydria annulitibia is well characterized by the usually entirely black head capsule ( Fig. 3 A–C) and antennae, the maxillary palpus usually with only four palpomeres, the evenly hyaline wings ( Fig. 4A ), and cell 3R 1 in the forewing and cell R 1 in the hindwing very narrowly open at their apices (rarely closed) ( Fig. 4A ).

This species is uncommon but has been found in a variety of habitats from a lowland laurel forest (e.g. 20–30 m alt. in the Imperial Palace or in the garden of the Institute for Nature Study, both in central Tokyo) to a subalpine mixed deciduous broad-leaved and coniferous forest (e.g. 1750–2000 m alt. on Yatsugatake mountains in Nagano prefecture) ( Hara & Shinohara 2018). This species probably feeds on various groups of broad-leaved trees. It should also be noted that the males are still unknown whereas over 60 females from various localities have been available for study. This species may possibly be parthenogenetic.

Figures

FIG. 1. Xiphydria spp., females.—A, X. annulitibia, holotype; B, C, X. konishii, paratype, Bibai; D, X. konishii, holotype; E, X. konishii, paratype, Take; F, X. melanoptera, holotype.

FIG. 4. Xiphydria annulitibia (A) and X. kanba (B), females, holotypes, wings, with names of cells (A) and veins and crossveins (B). Four large arrows show open or nearly open (A) or closed (B) apices of cell 3R1 in forewing and cell R1 in hindwing.

FIG. 5. Apical parts of abdomens, holotypes, lateral view.—A, Xiphydria annulitibia; B, X. kanba; C, X. konishii; D, X. melanoptera.

FIG. 3. Heads, females, Xiphydria annulitibia, holotype (A–C), X. kanba, holotype (D–F), X. konishii, holotype (G–I) and X. melanoptera, holotype (J–L).—A, D, G, J, Dorsal view; B, E, H, K, frontal view; C, F, I, L, frontolateral view.