Cryptophasa warouwi Sutrisno & Watung, 2024

Darmawan, Darmawan, Suwito, Awit, Narakusumo, Raden Pramesa, Encilia, Encilia, Dwibadra, Dhian, Dharmayanthi, Anik Budhi & Sutrisno, Hari, 2024, A new endemic clove tree pest of Cryptophasa Lewin, from Sangihe Island, Indonesia (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae), Zootaxa 5403 (1), pp. 141-150 : 144-147

Cryptophasa warouwi Sutrisno & Watung , sp. nov.

Figs 1C–D , 2C–D , 3B

Diagnosis. The male of C. warouwi sp. nov. is easily distinguished from the closest species, C. watungi , by the forewing dark brown streak along the entire costa, which is gradually paler towards CuP, being light brown from CuP towards dorsum, the dark brown spots on discal cell of forewing, predominantly dark brown and become paler from the cubito-anal (CuA 1 and CuA 2) area towards dorsum, and white on the discal cell of hindwing. The female has the forewing with a white ochreous ground color tinged with brown from costa to dorsum, more pronouncedly so toward the margin, with a dark brown spot at the discal cell, a margin with a prominent basal line of alternating white and dark brown dashes ( Fig. 1C–D ). A bent-down uncus (black arrow) with a strongly sclerotized, finger-shaped apex (black arrow) a slightly sclerotised, medially bent phallus (black arrow), and a double corpus bursae without signum black arrow) are the best diagnostic for the male and female genitalia of this species ( Fig. 2C–D , 3B ).

Description. Male ( Fig. 1C ): Forewing length 14 mm. Head grey. Labial palpus grey, slender, about 2 times vertical diameter of eye, pointed last segment directed slightly forward. Antenna fasciculate-ciliated, extended to about half of length of forewing, dorsal surface covered with longitudinal rows of black scales along entire length. Thorax white, tegula dark grey. Legs black, with hind tibia externally covered with greyish-white scales. Forewing oblong, costa slightly arched at base, then nearly straight, apex obtuse, dorsum slightly oblique, rounded, entire costa black, discal cell (black arrow) with two dark spots, from discal cell towards dorsum white, terminal cilia black. Hindwing black fuscous, except at 2/3 basal costa white, from cubito-anal (CuA 1 and CuA 2) area towards dorsum white fuscous with brown tinge, terminal cilia grey with orange-tinged basal line at margin, basal line paler towards tornus. Abdomen slender with first segment white, second segment toward seventh segment brown becoming gradually darker brown, distal segment black mixed with white.

Male genitalia ( Figs 2C–D ): Uncus divided dorsally into two lobes, divided into two apical processes, bent downward, strongly sclerotized at finger-shaped apex (black arrow). Gnathos laterally fused with two sclerotized arms to base of uncus. Tegumen broad, gently arched, margins slightly sclerotized; articulated with vinculum. Vinculum U-shaped, with weakly developed saccus. Juxta weakly sclerotized, paddle-shaped. Valva tapered with scattered short setae. Costa of valva slightly arched inwardly; apex blunt. Lower margin of supravalva gently curved, slightly sinuate towards base. Basis of valva elongate-rectangular. Sacculus elongate, triangular towards base, with scattered setae; subapical cleft (black arrow). Phallus slightly sclerotised, slightly bent at middle (black arrow).

Female ( Fig. 1D ): Forewing length 24 mm. Head white. Labial palpus grey, slender, directed upward. Antenna fasciculate-ciliated (cilia less dense than those of male), dorsal surface covered with longitudinal rows of black scales along entire length. Thorax entirely white. Legs black, with last tibia partly covered with grey scales. Forewing white ochreous tinged with brown, denser towards margin; discal cell with a black reniform spot; margin with indistinct black dots; terminal cilia grey with yellow-orange basal line. Hindwing fuscous; dorsum with indistinct black dots; cilia yellow-orange. Abdomen dark fuscous, except for first segment greyish-white.

Female genitalia ( Figs 3B ): Ovipositor lobes tubular with scattered setae (black arrow), anterior apophyses equal in length to posterior apophyses. Ductus bursae membranous, forked at middle (black arrow). Corpus bursae a pair elongate, membranous sacs without signa (black arrow).

Holotype: ♂. Indonesia, Sangihe , Tabukan Selatan, Bukide; N 03° 30ʹ 44.3ʺ E 125° 34ʹ 38. 4ʺ. Alt. 540 m. Emerged on 19.X.2020. leg. J.F. Watung, Genitalia slide MZB. Lepi. 689AB ( MZB)

Paratype: 1 ♂, 1 ♀. Indonesia, Sangihe , Tabukan Selatan , Bukide; N 03° 30ʹ 44.3ʺ E 125° 37ʹ 08. 9ʺ. Alt. 82 m . Emerged on 22.vii.2023. leg. J.F. Watung, Genitalia slide MZB. Lepi. 689 ( MZB) ; 1♂, 1♀; Indonesia, Sangihe , Tabukan Selatan , Bukide; N 03° 33ʹ 52.95ʺ E 125° 32ʹ 24. 25ʺ. Alt. 252 m . Emerged on 20.vii.2023. leg. J.F. Watung, Genitalia slide MZB. Lepi. 690 ( MZB)

Etymology: The species name is dedicated to Dr. Ir. Jootje Warouw, a senior entomologist and retired professor in the Faculty of Agriculture, Sam Ratulangi University who conducted research on pest control in Sangihe and Talaud Islands.

Distribution: Sangihe Island only ( Fig. 4 ).

Remark: The adults used in the description were obtained from rearing pupae.

Note: Cryptophasa warouwi sp. nov. is closely related to C. watungi ( Fig. 6 ) by average 6.1% p-distance of its cox1 sequence. Meanwhile the average distance with Paralecta sp. is 10.7% p-distance of its cox1 sequence. The NJ tree also shows that C. watungi and C. warouwi is embedded among other Cryptophasa species, not in Paralecta ( Fig. 6 ).

Figures

FIGURES 1A–D. A. Crytophasa watungi ♂, B. C. watungi 3f, C. C. warouwi sp. nov., ♂, D. C. warouwi ♀. ds= discal spot, blt= basal line of termen.

FIGURES 2A–D. A. Valva of Cryptophasa watungi, B. Phallus of C. watungi, C. Valva of C. warouwi sp. nov., D. Phallus of C. warouwi sp. nov. uc= uncus, tg= tegumen, vlv= valva, fb= fibula, jt= juxta, scl= sacculus, sc= saccus, vc= vinculum.

FIGURES 3A–B. A. Female genitalia of Cryptophasa watungi, B. Female genitalia of C. warouwi sp. nov. db= ductus bursae, cb= corpus bursae, pa= posterior apophysis, lp= lamella postvaginalis, ol= ovipositor lobe.

FIGURE 4. Distribution of Cryptophasa warouwi sp. nov. (blue dots) on Sangihe Island, Indonesia.

FIGURE 6. A Neighbor Joining tree (rooted) based on Kimura Two-parameter model.