Heraeus itzelae, Pablo M. Dellapé, María C. Melo & Thomas J. Henry, 2016

Pablo M. Dellapé, María C. Melo & Thomas J. Henry, 2016, A phylogenetic revision of the true bug genus Heraeus (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae: Myodochini), with the description of two new genera and 30 new species, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 177 (177), pp. 29-134 : 38-40

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.1111/zoj.12362

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F64DB1B-5E49-FFA4-FDE4-FF05FA4AFC95

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scientific name

Heraeus itzelae
status

 

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF HERAEUS

1. Hemelytra nearly uniformly coloured, without a large pale spot at apex of corium (or with a small, pale subapical corial spot, with apex darker; Fig. 3 A–E); head smooth ( coquilletti group) ................................................... 2

– Hemelytra more heterogeneously coloured, often with a large pale spot at apex of corium ( Fig. 3 F, K); head rugose. ......................................................................................................................................................6

2. Pronotum and scutellum with long erect setae ....................................................................................... 3

– Pronotum and scutellum without long erect setae ................................................................................... 4

3. Distiflagellomere pale brown, with a pale band; hemelytra with only short, recumbent setae (Mexico; Fig. 3 D) ... ..................................................................................................................... Heraeus itzelae sp. nov.

– Distiflagellomere yellowish brown, without a pale band; hemelytra with long, erect setae (Honduras and Mexico; Fig. 3 E).......................................................................................................... Heraeus setosus sp. nov.

4. Head, pronotum, and hemelytra shiny (Mexico and USA; Fig. 3 B).................... Heraeus coquilletti Barber, 1914

– Head shiny, contrasting with a dull pronotum and hemelytra ................................................................... 5

5. General colouration dark brown; distiflagellomere mostly white, with the apex dark; profemur mostly dark brown (Costa Rica, Honduras, and Nicaragua; Fig. 3 C) ................................................... Heraeus costalis sp. nov.

– General colouration cinnamon brown; distiflagellomere uniformly brown; profemur pale yellowish brown (Mexico and USA; Fig. 3 A)............................................................................... Heraeus cinnamomeus Barber, 1948

6. Hemelytron with a distinct, white, subapical spot on corium and a white mark on apex of membrane; species usually glabrous ( guttatus and caliginosus groups; Fig. 3 F–K)..............................................................................7

– Hemelytron with different combination of spots; if subapical corial spot present, shape is irregular and the colour pattern is more complex; species often setose ( Figs 15, 25, 36).................................................................12

7. Labium extending beyond metacoxae; posterior pronotal lobe with four small pale spots strongly contrasting with dark background (Dominican Republic and Haiti; Fig. 3 J).......... Heraeus caliginosus Slater & Baranowski, 1994

– Labium extending only to mesocoxae, at most reaching metacoxae; posterior pronotal lobe without four distinct spots...............................................................................................................................................8

8. Apical third of metafemur contrastingly dark brown ( Fig. 11 A, B)..............................................................9

– Metafemur uniformly pale or brown, if paler basally, not strongly contrasting............................................10

9. Posterior pronotal lobe brown, mottled with paler areas, sometimes forming irregular lines; profemur dark brown with apex usually paler (Central America and Colombia; Figs 3 F, 11A) .............. Heraeus guttatus ( Dallas, 1852)

– Posterior pronotal lobe uniformly dark, with two short yellow lines; profemur uniformly dark brown (Antigua, Dominican Republic, and Haiti; Figs 3 G, 11B)............................................... Heraeus hollyae Baranowski, 2005

10.Metafemur reddish brown; head smooth; distiflagellomere uniformly brown; males without small spines on protibia and mesofemur (Dominican Republic; Fig. 3 K).............................................. Heraeus dominicanus sp. nov.

– Metafemur pale; head rugose; distiflagellomere with pale band; males with small spines on protibia and mesofemur. .................................................................................................................................................... 11

11. Head, pronotum, and most of hemelytra anterior to distal white spot reddish or cinnamon brown; legs brownish yellow (USA and West Indies; Fig. 3 H) ....................................... Heraeus triguttatus ( Guérin-Méneville, 1857)

– Head and anterior pronotal lobe dark brown, posterior pronotal lobe and hemelytra brown anterior to distal spot, mottled with yellow; legs uniformly pale, almost white (Dominican Republic; Fig. 3 I)...................................... .................................................................................................................... Heraeus steineri sp. nov.

12.Profemur pale brown with dark-brown spots, if predominantly dark brown, the dorsal region clearly pale ( illitus group; Figs 16, 21) ........................................................................................................................... 13

– Profemur uniformly dark brown, some species with apex paler ( plebejus group; Figs 26, 33, 39) .................... 22

13.Labium long, extending to metacoxae or beyond....................................................................................14

– Labium shorter, not extending beyond mesocoxae..................................................................................15

14.Strongly setose; metatibiae densely setose, with setae two times the diameter of the segment; labium long, surpassing metacoxae, usually extending to abdominal segment II (Central and South America; Fig. 15 D).............. ................................................................................................................. Heraeus illitus Distant, 1882

– Less setose; metatibial setae less abundant and shorter; labium shorter, usually extending only to posterior margin of metasternum (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, French Guiana, and Peru; Fig. 15 G)......... Heraeus similis sp. nov.

15.Basiflagellomere thickened distally, diameter subequal to or greater than diameter of scape.........................16

– Basiflagellomere slender, diameter less than diameter of scape................................................................ 17

16.Pronotum with a pale inverted V-shaped mark; outer margin of clavus pale (Panama; Fig. 15 I)........................ ................................................................................................................ Heraeus splendens sp. nov.

– Pronotum and hemelytra uniformly pale brown, with evenly scattered brown-stained punctures, except for distal white marks (Ecuador; Fig. 15 B)................................................................... Heraeus antennalis sp. nov.

17.Distiflagellomere uniformly brown (Argentina and Brazil; Fig. 15 C) .............. Heraeus chamamecinus sp. nov.

– Distiflagellomere with a distinct white band sub-basally.........................................................................18

18.Profemur with a distinct subapical brown band ( Figs 16 A, 21B)...............................................................19

– Profemur without a subapical brown band ...........................................................................................20

19.Brown dark band on profemur narrow and contrasting ( Fig. 16 A); apex of pygophore ( Fig. 17 A–D) rounded, without a small dorsally directed protuberance; aedeagus with lobes sclerotized with a few spines distally (Central America, from Mexico to Panama; Fig. 15 A).................................................................. Heraeus annulatus sp. nov.

– Brown band on profemur broader and diffuse ( Fig. 21 B); pygophore with a small dorsally directed protuberance near apex ( Fig. 20 N); aedeagus with spines on lobes and laterally to the ejaculatory reservoir (Brazil and Ecuador; Fig. 15 H)...................................................................................................... Heraeus spinosus sp. nov.

20.Profemur irregularly pigmented with brown, metafemoral band subapical, processus gonopori long and slender (Panama; Figs 15 F, 16F) ........................................................................................ Heraeus panamaensis sp. nov.

– Profemur paler dorsally, metafemoral band apical (a few specimens of H. inca sp. nov. show a dark band on metafemur instead of being darker distally), processus gonopori long, widening towards apex ( Fig. 21 D).........................21

21.Pronotum usually without contrasting dark areas laterally; dorsal anterior margin of aperture of pygophore rounded ( Fig. 23 E); aedeagus with spines restricted to unsclerotized lobes ( Fig. 8 I) (Ecuador; Fig. 15 J).......................... ................................................................................................................... Heraeus tiputini sp. nov.

– Pronotum usually with contrasting dark areas laterally; dorsal anterior margin of aperture of pygophore subquadrangular ( Fig. 20 A); aedeagus with two pairs of lobes, the anterior lobe short, not sclerotized, and with spines; the posterior lobe large, strongly sclerotized posteriorly, with a row of spines (Peru; Fig. 15 E)............................................ ........................................................................................................................ Heraeus inca sp. nov.

22.Distiflagellomere without a pale band..................................................................................................23

– Distiflagellomere with a pale band......................................................................................................25

23.Antenna uniformly brown; dorsal margin of pygophore in lateral view almost straight and slightly declivent posteriorly ( Fig. 40 F) (Galapagos Islands; Fig. 36 E).............................................. Heraeus pacificus Barber, 1925

– Antenna brown with apex of basiflagellomere and distiflagellomere darkened; dorsal margin of pygophore in lateral view sinuate and more declivent posteriorly ( Fig. 41 B, F) ....................................................................... 24

24.Small species, less than 5.00 mm; subapical pale spot on corium well defined (West Indies; Fig. 36 I)................. ............................................................................................................ Heraeus pulchellus Barber, 1954

– Larger species, over 5.25 mm; subapical pale spot irregular, not well defined (USA and Central America; Fig. 36 H). Heraeus plebejus Stål, 1874

25.Labial segment IV extending only to mesocoxae .................................................................................... 26

– Labial segment IV extending to at least metacoxae................................................................................32

26.Metafemoral band apical ( Figs 25 B, 26B)............................................................ Heraeus apicalis sp. nov.

– Metafemoral band subapical .............................................................................................................. 27

27.Pale band on distiflagellomere short, about one-quarter of segment length (Argentina and Bolivia; Fig. 25 F) ...... .............................................................................................................. Heraeus brevirostris sp. nov.

– Pale band on distiflagellomere longer, occupying at least one-third of segment length..................................28

28.Membranae with whitish apical spot...................................................................................................29

– Membranae without whitish apical spot...............................................................................................31

29.Anterior margin of dorsal aperture of pygophore rounded ( Fig. 34 I) (Costa Rica and Mexico; Fig. 36 B) .............. ............................................................................................................... Heraeus mexicanus sp. nov.

– Anterior margin of dorsal aperture of pygophore almost straight ( Figs 27 I, 40A).........................................30

30.Dark species; head blackish; posterior lobe of pronotum dark brown, with four longitudinal pale stripes (Nicaragua and Costa Rica; Fig. 36 D).................................................................. Heraeus nicaraguensis sp. nov.

– Pale species; head dark reddish brown; posterior lobe of pronotum pale brown with four difuse longitudinal pale stripes (Brazil; Fig. 25 C)................................................................................ Heraeus bahiensis sp. nov.

31.Apex of pygophore broadly rounded posteriorly in dorsal view ( Fig. 32 A); outer projection of paramere not conspicuous ( Fig. 32 C, D) (Bolivia; Fig. 25 E)......................................................... Heraeus bolivianus sp. nov.

– Apex of pygophore acutely rounded posteriorly in dorsal view ( Fig. 34 E); outer projection of paramere conspicuous ( Fig. 34 G, H) (Central America; Fig. 36 A)............................................... Heraeus mesoamericanus sp. nov.

32.Ocelli located anterior to an imaginary line passing through posterior margin of eyes; pygophore with a conspicuous protuberance at posterior margin pointed dorsally ( Fig. 27 B) (Brazil; Fig. 25 A)......................................... ............................................................................................................... Heraeus alvarengai sp. nov.

– Ocelli located at level of an imaginary line passing through the posterior margin of eyes; pygophore without a dorsally directed protuberance at posterior margin, but if present, smaller and indistinct.............................33

33.Pale band on distiflagellomere narrow, less than one-third length of segment.............................................34

– Pale band on distiflagellomere broader, more than one-third length of segment .......................................... 36

34.Metafemur with a broad, subapical, dark band ( Fig. 39 C); pygophore in lateral view abruptly declivent posteriorly ( Fig. 40 J) (Bolivia and Brazil; Fig. 36 F)....................................................... Heraeus pallidinervis sp. nov.

– Metafemur with a narrower subapical and well-defined dark band ( Figs 33 C, 39D); pygophore in lateral view slightly declivent posteriorly ( Figs 34 B, 40N)................................................................................................35

35.Inner projections of pygophore subquadrangular and slightly projecting posteriorly ( Fig. 40 M) (Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay; Fig. 36 G)...................................................................................... Heraeus penai sp. nov.

– Inner projections of pygophore narrow, elongate, and strongly projecting posteriorly ( Fig. 34 A) (Ecuador; Fig. 25 I).............................................................................................................. Heraeus loja sp. nov.

36.Metafemur with a narrow subapical dark band ( Fig. 26 D); pygophore projecting posteriorly and dorsally directed ( Fig. 27 N) (Belize and Mexico; Fig. 25 D)........................................................ Heraeus baranowski sp. nov.

– Metafemur with a broader subapical dark band ( Fig. 33 A, B, F); pygophore not projecting posteriorly nor pointed dorsally ( Figs 32 J, N, 34N)................................................................................................................37

37.Small species, less than 5 mm long; pygophore with inner projections of dorsal aperture subquadrangular ( Fig. 32 I) (Dominican Republic and Haiti; Fig. 25 G) ................................... Heraeus concolor Slater & Baranowski, 1994

– Larger species, over 5 mm long; pygophore with inner projections of dorsal aperture elongate, not subquadrangular ( Figs 32 M, 34M) .............................................................................................................................. 38

38.Pygophore rounded; with inner projections of dorsal aperture subtriangular, not well delimited anteriorly ( Fig. 32 M); parameres with inner projection narrow ( Fig. 32 O, P) (Ecuador; Fig. 25 H) ........ Heraeus ecuatorianus sp. nov.

– Pygophore declivent and truncate posteriorly in lateral view ( Fig. 34 N); inner projections of dorsal aperture elongate, well delimited anteriorly ( Fig. 34 M); parameres with inner projection broad ( Fig. 34 O, P) (Panama; Fig. 36 C).................................................................................................... Heraeus morganae sp. nov.

Baranowski RM, Slater JA. 2005. The lygaeidae of the West Indies. Bulletin 402. Gainsville: Florida Agricultural Experiment Station.

Barber HG. 1914 a. New Hemiptera-Heteroptera with comments upon the distribution of certain known species. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 22: 164 - 171.

Barber HG. 1925. Hemiptera-Heteroptera from the Williams Galapagos expeditions. Zoologica 5: 241 - 254.

Barber HG. 1948. Lygaeidae collected in western Texas, with a new Lygaeospilus from California. Ohio Journal of Science 48: 66 - 68.

Barber HG. 1954 a. A report on the Hemiptera Heteroptera from the Bimini Islands, Bahamas, British West Indies. American Museum Novitates 1682: 1 - 18.

Dallas WS. 1852. List of the specimens of hemipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part II. London: Taylor & Francis Inc.

Distant WL. 1882. Lygaeidae. In: Godman FD, Salvin O, eds. Biologia Centrali Americana, Insecta. Rhynchota. Hemiptera- Heteroptera, Vol. I. London: Published by the editors by R. H. Porter, 173 - 220.

Guerin-Meneville EE. 1857. Ordre d'Hemipteres. In: de la Sagra R, ed. Histoire physique, politique et naturelle d'Ile de Cuba, Vol. 1. Paris: Arthus Bertrand, 359 - 424.

Slater JA, Baranowski RM. 1994. Three new species of rhyparochromine Lygaeidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Hispaniola. Florida Entomologist 77: 488 - 494.

Stal C. 1874. Enumeratio Lygaeidarum Extraeuropaearum. Svenska Vetenskaps Akademiens Handlingar 12: 1 - 186. Pp. 98 - 170. In Enumeratio Hemipterorum pt. 4 Kongl.

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hemiptera

Family

Rhyparochromidae

Genus

Heraeus

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hemiptera

Family

Rhyparochromidae

Genus

Heraeus

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hemiptera

Family

Rhyparochromidae

Genus

Heraeus

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hemiptera

Family

Rhyparochromidae

Genus

Heraeus

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hemiptera

Family

Rhyparochromidae

Genus

Heraeus

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hemiptera

Family

Rhyparochromidae

Genus

Heraeus

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hemiptera

Family

Rhyparochromidae

Genus

Heraeus

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hemiptera

Family

Rhyparochromidae

Genus

Heraeus

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hemiptera

Family

Rhyparochromidae

Genus

Heraeus

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hemiptera

Family

Rhyparochromidae

Genus

Heraeus

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hemiptera

Family

Rhyparochromidae

Genus

Heraeus

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hemiptera

Family

Rhyparochromidae

Genus

Heraeus

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hemiptera

Family

Rhyparochromidae

Genus

Heraeus

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hemiptera

Family

Rhyparochromidae

Genus

Heraeus

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hemiptera

Family

Rhyparochromidae

Genus

Heraeus

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hemiptera

Family

Rhyparochromidae

Genus

Heraeus

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hemiptera

Family

Rhyparochromidae

Genus

Heraeus

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hemiptera

Family

Rhyparochromidae

Genus

Heraeus

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hemiptera

Family

Rhyparochromidae

Genus

Heraeus

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hemiptera

Family

Rhyparochromidae

Genus

Heraeus

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hemiptera

Family

Rhyparochromidae

Genus

Heraeus

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hemiptera

Family

Rhyparochromidae

Genus

Heraeus

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hemiptera

Family

Rhyparochromidae

Genus

Heraeus

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hemiptera

Family

Rhyparochromidae

Genus

Heraeus

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hemiptera

Family

Rhyparochromidae

Genus

Heraeus

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hemiptera

Family

Rhyparochromidae

Genus

Heraeus

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hemiptera

Family

Rhyparochromidae

Genus

Heraeus

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hemiptera

Family

Rhyparochromidae

Genus

Heraeus

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hemiptera

Family

Rhyparochromidae

Genus

Heraeus