Solenoxyphus kazakhstanicus, Konstantinov, Fedor V. & Korzeev, Andrei I., 2014

Konstantinov, Fedor V. & Korzeev, Andrei I., 2014, Solenoxyphus Reuter, 1875 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae): revised diagnosis, a new species and new generic synonym, Zootaxa 3860 (5), pp. 464-478 : 468-471

Solenoxyphus kazakhstanicus sp. n.

Figures 1, 2 , 8–10 , 17–20 , 26, 31 , 37, 39, 40

Material examined. Holotype: ♂, KAZAKHSTAN: West Kazakhstan Prov.: At the confluence of Karakengir and Zhezdy Streams, 47.46666 ° N 67.95 ° E, 24 May 1962, I. M. Kerzhner, Anabasis truncata (Chenopodiaceae) , ( AMNH _PBI 00155838) ( ZISP).

Paratypes: KAZAKHSTAN: Karaganda Prov.: 30 km NW of Dzhezkazgan, 47.9 ° N 68.05 ° E, 541 m, 0 4 Jun 1962, I. M. Kerzhner, Anabasis truncata (Chenopodiaceae) , 2♂ ( AMNH _PBI 0 0 155871, AMNH _PBI 00155872) ( ZISP). West Kazakhstan Prov.: At the confluence of Karakengir and Zhezdy Streams, 47.46666 ° N 67.95 ° E, 24 May 1962, I. M. Kerzhner, Anabasis truncata (Chenopodiaceae) , 7♂ ( AMNH _PBI 0 0 155840, AMNH _PBI 0 0 155842, AMNH _PBI 0 0 155845, AMNH _PBI 0 0 155846, AMNH _PBI 0 0 155839, AMNH _PBI 0 0 155851, AMNH _PBI 00155857), 18♀ ( AMNH _PBI 0 0 155841, AMNH _PBI 0 0 155843, AMNH _PBI 0 0 155844, AMNH _PBI 00155847- AMNH _PBI 0 0 155850, AMNH _PBI 00155852- AMNH _PBI 0 0 155856, AMNH _PBI 00155858- AMNH _PBI 00155863) ( ZISP).

Diagnosis. Unequivocally recognized by the following combination of characters: color of dorsum relatively dark, ranging from olive brown to dirty yellow ( Figs. 1, 2 ); male large, 4.3–4.7 mm long, female smaller, 3.7–3.9 mm, with hemelytron somewhat shortened, barely surpassing apex of abdomen; brown spots on hemelytron very dense, regular and minute; vestiture on hemelytron with two types of setae, curved silver and straight dark simple setae; apex of vesica distal of secondary gonopore gradually tapering, with indistinct step-like narrowing; apical blade of vesica acute, with somewhat curved apex, equal to width of vesica proximal to secondary gonopore; series of subapical teeth on vesica running from base of apical blade and not extending proximal to secondary gonopore ( Figs. 8–10 ).

This new species is similar in darkened color of the dorsum and distinctly smaller females to Solenoxyphus asanovae (Vinokurov, 1995) . However, the latter species easily differs in the smaller size (see Table 1 ), presence of dark round spots on pronotum and scutellum (Figs. 58, 59 in Konstantinov 2008a), long labium reaching abdominal segment VII, and vesica with blunt, apically dentate apex and well developed subapical step-like narrowing ( Figs. 3, 4 in Konstantinov, 2008). Solenoxyphus halocnemi (Putshkov, 1984) , although differing from the new species in coloration and measurements, is most similar to S. kazakhstanicus in the structure of the vesica ( Figs. 6, 7 in Konstantinov 2008a). Solenoxyphus halocnemi and S. kazakhstanicus are the only two Solenoxyphus species known from the same host, Anabasis truncata . However, a series of subapical teeth of the vesica in the former species well extending proximal to secondary gonopore separates the two.

Description. Male: COLORATION ( Fig. 1 ): Pale olive brown to dirty yellow. Head: Dark brown, maxillary plate usually somewhat paler brown, vertex posteriorly pale brown to dirty yellow; antennal segment I dark brown, segments II–IV dirty yellow to pale brown, basal half of segment II usually darker than apical half; labium dirty yellow, with somewhat darkened apex. Thorax: Pronotum olive brown, with more or less darkened apical onethird, calli sometimes with diffuse dark brown markings posteriorly; exposed part of mesonotum and scutellum olive brown to brown, sides of mesonotum usually with orange tinge, scutoscutellar suture frequently darkened; thoracic pleura dark brown, sometimes olive brown posteriorly. Hemelytron: Uniformly pale brown, with regular and very dense, minute brown rounded spots, these spots sometimes paler and less distinct on cuneus and sides of corium; membrane uniformly smoky pale brown, semitransparent; mediobasal area of membrane usually with oblique wedge-shaped brown macula; veins pale brown. Legs: All coxae dark brown; femora brown, with paler, dirty yellow apices, sometimes entirely dirty yellow, without any spots; tibiae dirty yellow to whitish yellow, immaculate, rarely with minute and very slightly darkened areas at bases of tibial spines; tarsi uniformly pale yellow, rarely slightly darkened apically. Abdomen: Usually dirty yellow to pale brown, genital segment usually darker.

SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum shiny, smooth, with dense, somewhat curved, adpressed to semiadpressed silver simple setae, hemelytron additionally with straight semiadpressed brown simple setae; venter, antenna, and legs with silver adpressed simple setae; first antennal segment with two dark spinelike setae on medial surface; tibial spines pale yellow, rarely pale brown.

STRUCTURE: Distinctly elongate, almost parallel-sided, total length 4.3–4.7 mm, body 3.2–3.5 × as long as basal width of pronotum. Head: Barely projecting anteriorly and weakly protruding ventrally below inner margin of eyes; eyes large, vertex 1.0–1.3 × as wide as dorsal width one eye; antennal fossa contiguous to inferior angle of eye, second antennal segment 0.9–1.2 × as long as basal width of pronotum, 1.2–1.4 × as long as width of head; labium always surpassing middle coxa and usually reaching apex of hind coxa. Thorax: Pronotum 2.1–2.3 × as wide as long; calli not demarcated; metathoracic scent-gland evaporative area narrowly triangular, with largely extended dorso-posterior angle (as in S. fuscovenosus , see Fig 54 in Konstantinov 2008a). Legs: Long and slender, hind femur somewhat thickened, tarsus thin, segment III slightly shorter than segments I and II combined, claw long and slender, pulvillus small, not surpassing midpoint of claw, attached to claw along entire length.

MALE GENITALIA: Genital capsule: About 30 % of total area of abdomen, without keel or distinctive ornamentation. Parameres: Shape typical for Phylini , right paramere broadly oval, with short, twin-coned apical process ( Fig. 19 ); left paramere as in Figs. 17 and 18 , with triangular, gradually tapering sensory lobe and straight, short apical process. Apex of theca: As in Fig. 20 . Vesica: S-shaped, long and thin ( Figs. 8–10 ); secondary gonopore subapical, with well-developed sculpture; apex of vesica distal of secondary gonopore gradually tapering, with gradual narrowing at base of apical blade; characteristic subapical series of teeth extending from area lateral to secondary gonopore to base of apical blade; apical blade acute, with somewhat curved apex, equal to width of vesica proximal to secondary gonopore.

Female. COLORATION, SURFACE AND VESTITURE ( Fig. 2 ): As in male.

STRUCTURE: Distinctly more ovoid than male, with membrane barely surpassing apex of abdomen, total length 3.7–3.9, body 2.7–3.0 × as long as width of pronotum. Head: Protruded ventrally below inferior margin of eye at a distance equal to eye height, base of clypeus always visible in dorsal view, with somewhat smaller eyes and wider vertex than in male; vertex 1.3–1.6 × as wide as dorsal width one eye; second antennal segment 0.7–0.8 × as long as basal width of pronotum, 0.9–1.0 × as long as width of head; labium reaching and usually surpassing apex of hind coxa. Thorax: Pronotum 2.0–2.3 × as wide as long.

FEMALE GENITALIA: Dorsal labiate plate as in Fig. 26 , with small, strongly upturned sclerotized rings and a pair of thin symmetric sclerites running ventrad of each sclerotized ring to central part of labiate plate; sclerotized ring horseshoe-shaped, with tapering medial extension ( Fig. 31 ); sclerites encircling vulva almost symmetric, of typical phyline shape; vestibulum entirely membranous; posterior wall ( Fig. 37 ) with distinct lancet-shaped sclerites at sides; apices of valvulae as in Figs 39, 40 , second valvula somewhat sagittate.

Etymology. The species is named for its geographic region, Central Kazakhstan.

Host. All specimens were collected from Anabasis truncata (Schrenk) Bunge (Chenopodiaceae) . This species inhabits salty deserts and semideserts, rocky deserts and arid mountainous slopes and spans from the eastern coast of the Caspian Sea to Balkhash Lake, Central Tian-Shan Mountains and Gobi Desert ( Grubov 1966, Zhu et al. 2003).

Distribution. The new species was sampled from two localities in West Kazakhstan and Karaganda provinces of Central Kazakhstan.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 7. Dorsal view: 1 – 2 — Solenoxyphus kazakhstanicus sp. n.: 1 — male; 2 — female; 3 – 4 — Solenoxyphus vittiger (Reuter, 1879): 3 — male; 4 — female; 5 — Boopidocoris vitticollis Reuter, 1879, male; 6 – 7 — Boopidocoris salsolae Putshkov, 1976: 6 — male; 7 — female.

FIGURES 8 – 16. Vesica: 8 – 10 — Solenoxyphus kazakhstanicus sp. n.: 8 — lateral view; 9 — ventral view; 10 — apex, magnified; 11 – 13 — Solenoxyphus vittiger (Reuter, 1879): 11 — lateral view; 12 — ventral view; 13 — apex, magnified; 14 – 16 — Boopidocoris vitticollis Reuter, 1879: 14 — lateral view; 15 — ventral view; 16 — apex, magnified. Abbreviations: ap. b. — apical blade, st. p. — subapical step – shaped projection, s. g. — secondary gonopore, dt. — dentation near secondary gonopore.

FIGURES 17 – 24. Parameres and apex of phallotheca: 17 – 20 — Solenoxyphus kazakhstanicus sp. n.: 17 — left paramere, lateral view; 18 — left paramere, caudal view; 19 — right paramere; 20 — apex of phallotheca; 21 – 24 — Solenoxyphus vittiger (Reuter, 1879): 21 — apex of phallotheca; 22 — left paramere, lateral view; 23 — left paramere, caudal view; 24 — right paramere.

FIGURES 25 – 34. Female genitalia: 25 – 29 — Dorsal labiate plate, dorsal view: 25 — Boopidocoris vitticollis Reuter, 1879; 26 — Solenoxyphus kazakhstanicus sp. n.; 27 — Solenoxyphus lepidus (Puton, 1874); 28 — Solenoxyphus anabasius Konstantinov, 2008; 29 — Solenoxyphus vittiger (Reuter, 1879); 30 – 34 — Sclerotized ring of dorsal labiate plate, lateral view: 30 — Boopidocoris vitticollis Reuter, 1879; 31 — Solenoxyphus kazakhstanicus sp. n.; 32 — Solenoxyphus lepidus (Puton, 1874); 33 — Solenoxyphus anabasius Konstantinov, 2008; 34 — Solenoxyphus vittiger (Reuter, 1879). Abbreviations: sc. v. — sclerites encircling vulva, rd. sc. — rod-like paired sclerites, sc. r. — sclerotized ring, l. ov. — lateral oviducts, v. gl. — vermiform gland, v. 1 — first valvula.

FIGURES 35 – 40. Female genitalia: 35 – 38 — Posterior wall of bursa copulatrix: 35 — Boopidocoris vitticollis Reuter, 1879; 36 — Solenoxyphus vittiger (Reuter, 1879); 37 — Solenoxyphus kazakhstanicus sp. n.; 38 — Solenoxyphus anabasius Konstantinov, 2008; 39 – 40 — Solenoxyphus kazakhstanicus sp. n.: 39 — first valvula (gonapophysis); 40 — second valvula (gonapophysis).