Coomansus parvus ( de Man, 1880 ) Jairajpuri & Khan, 1977
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.3897/zookeys.1206.124237 |
publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C1AC9890-1735-4929-B1D5-2056B7E8AFBE |
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12668152 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E202E8A-3A43-548E-8B1C-40D2D711212E |
treatment provided by |
ZooKeys by Pensoft (2024-07-05 19:25:11, last updated 2024-07-09 12:36:09) |
scientific name |
Coomansus parvus ( de Man, 1880 ) Jairajpuri & Khan, 1977 |
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Coomansus parvus ( de Man, 1880) Jairajpuri & Khan, 1977 View in CoL
Figs 1 View Figure 1 , 2 View Figure 2
Description.
Female [Based on 10 specimens from 3 localities; see Table 2 View Table 2 for measurements]. Body short, 0.70–1.15 mm, J- or C-shaped upon relaxation, body diameter at mid-body 47–53. Cuticle smooth under light microscope (very faint striation observed in one specimen, Fig. 2 H View Figure 2 ), 2–3 thick along most of body, 3–4 thick in post-anal region. Lip region offset, cephalic and labial papillae prominent, conical, of almost same size. Amphid apertures oval, 5 ± 0.4 (4–5) (n = 6) wide, situated anterior to dorsal tooth apex, at 10–14 from anterior end. Buccal capsule oval, somewhat flattened at base, 1.6–1.9 as long as wide or 0.9–1.2 times as long as lip region width; its ventral wall 1.5–2.5 thick, dorsal wall posterior to dorsal tooth ~ 3 thick. Dorsal tooth small, its anterior margin 3.0 ± 0.5 (2–4) wide, located near middle of buccal capsule, tooth apex at 9 ± 1 (8–11) from anterior end of buccal capsule. Nerve-ring at 97 ± 6 (90–103) (n = 6) from anterior end of body. Excretory pore posterior to nerve-ring, small, well visible. Reproductive system amphidelphic. Genital branches almost symmetrical; anterior branch 134 ± 50 (80–253) (n = 9) long; posterior branch 115 ± 19 (80–133) (n = 9) long. Ovaries well developed; anterior ovary 60–105 (n = 7) long; posterior ovary 70–140 (n = 7) long. Oviduct with marked pars dilatata oviductus, ~ 30 wide. Uteri very short. Two uterine eggs present in one female measuring 81 × 40 and 90 × 38. Vagina with straight walls, its length representing 25–33 % of corresponding body width; pars refringens vaginae as 2 oval to drop-shaped smooth sclerotised pieces, 3–4 long and 2–3 wide; pars distalis vaginae ~ 3 long. Vulva a transverse slit; pars refringens vaginae protruding in some specimens (Fig. 2 I View Figure 2 ). Rectum 0.7–0.8 times as long as body diameter at anus. Tail conoid, ventrally arcuate, with finely rounded tip. Caudal glands and spinneret absent. Caudal pores two pairs. Male: Not found.
Voucher material.
Ten specimens are deposited in the Nematological Collection of the Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria, under the accession numbers IBER-BAS NC 49 / 1, IBER-BAS NC 51 / 2, IBER-BAS PN 68 / 4 litter, IBER-BAS NC 88 / 4, IBER-BAS NC 88 / 7-9. Photovouchers for the sequenced specimens are provided in Suppl. material 1: figs S 1 – S 3.
Habitats and localities.
Soil around Ulmus sp. , Populus sp. , and C. betulus and litter around F. sylvatica and Acer sp. along riverbanks of the rivers Arda, Lopushnitsa, Vedena, and Devinska (see Table 1 View Table 1 for details).
Representative DNA sequences.
28 S rRNA gene (GenBank: PP 768895 – PP 768898); 18 S rRNA gene (GenBank: PP 768899 and PP 768900).
Distribution.
Almost cosmopolitan, except in Australia ( Andrássy 2009). In Bulgaria, C. parvus has been reported with no morphological evidence supporting identification in soil samples from an oak forest in Burgas Province ( Aleksiev et al. 1998), from beech forests in Strandzha Mountain (Strandzha Nature Park, protected zones “ Bjalata prust ” and “ Propada ”; Iliev and Ilieva 2014), and from arable lands in Sofia ( Katalan-Gateva 1968) and Kazanlak provinces ( Katalan-Gateva et al. 1981). Iliev and Ilieva (2016) described and illustrated C. parvus based on a large population of females in soil samples from one habitat in the Rhodope Mountains. The present study provides the second documented record of C. parvus in Bulgaria, the first record of this species in litter samples, and four new localities in three provinces (Tables 1 View Table 1 , 2 View Table 2 ).
Remarks.
Morphologically, the present material belongs to and was identified as C. parvus . Some variation was detected in the present material with single specimens from three populations sampled in the Rhodope and Balkan Mountains showing lower values for L, a, G 1, G 2, the length of the genital branches, ovaries, and tail, and greater values for the distance of the amphid from anterior end compared with the population from Vitosha Mountain (Table 2 View Table 2 ). We consider these small metrical differences to represent intraspecific variation; this was confirmed by the very low levels of genetic divergence (see above).
The morphometric data for the present material fall within the range given by Andrássy (2011 b), except for the slightly greater values for the width of the buccal capsule (14–15 vs 10–12 µm). Comparisons with published descriptions of C. parvus revealed an overlap with the morphometric data of the present material but also a greater variation with higher upper limits of variation for the published ranges of body length ( Zullini et al. 2002; Ahmad and Jairajpuri 2010; Ishaque et al. 2022) and most of the indices, and lower ranges for the width of the buccal capsule in four populations falling below the range recorded in the present specimens (Suppl. material 2: table S 1). It is worth noting that there was an overall good agreement with the descriptions and morphometric data for a population of C. parvus collected in Bulgaria by Iliev and Ilieva (2016) and especially with a population used for generating 18 S rDNA and 28 S rDNA sequences for this species described by Tabolin and Kolganova (2020).
However, the material described by Ishaque et al. (2022) showed little overlap with the published descriptions and the present material, with ranges for a number of characters falling outside the known ranges for C. parvus : outside the upper limits of variation (L, V, buccal capsule length and width, lip region width, and rectum length); and outside the lower limits of variation (G 1, G 2, and position of tooth apex) (Suppl. material 2: table S 1). This material keys down to C. indicus Jairajpuri & Khan, 1982 in the key to species of Coomansus by Andrássy (1993, 2009) and to C. ulsani Choi, Khan & Lee, 1999 in the key by Vu (2021) but does not agree completely with the data for these species. Clearly, the material of Ishaque et al. (2022) does not belong to C. parvus but definite identification is not possible based on the available data and illustrations (also see comments in Suppl. material 2: table S 1).
Andrássy I (2011 b) Three new species of the genus Coomansus Jairajpuri & Khan, 1977 from the southern hemisphere (Nematoda: Mononchida). Journal of Nematode Morphology and Systematics 14: 27–37. https://revistaselectronicas.ujaen.es/index.php/jnms/article/view/797
Ahmad W, Jairajpuri MS (2010) Mononchida: The predaceous nematodes. In: Hunt DJ, Perry RN (Eds) Nematology Monographs and Perspectives; v. 7. Brill Academic Publishers, Leiden-Boston, 298 pp. https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004174641.i-298.2
Aleksiev A, Budurova L, Baicheva O (1998) Biomonitoring investigations of the phytonematode communities in the rhyzosphere of Quercus frainetto in the region of Debelt (Burgas District). Biotechnology, Biotechnological Equipment 12 (1): 109–115. https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.1998.10818976
Andrássy I (1993) A taxonomic survey of the family Mononchidae (Nematoda). Acta Zoologica Hungarica 39: 13–60.
Andrássy I (2009) Free-living Nematodes of Hungary: Nematoda Errantia, v. 3. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest. https://books.google.bg/books?id=WZEAYAAACAAJ
De Man JG (1880) Die Eingheimischen, frei in der reinen erde und im sussen wasser lebends Nematoden. Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor Dierkunde 5: 1 - 104.
Iliev I, Ilieva Z (2014) Nematode communities in beech forests in “ Strandzha ” Natural Park, Bulgaria. 1. Species composition. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science 20: 143–150.
Iliev I, Ilieva Z (2016) New data on species of order Mononchida (Nematoda) from Rila and the Rhodopes Mountains, Bulgaria. Silva Balcanica 17: 63–84.
Ishaque U, Iqbal E, Dawar S, Kazi N (2022) Description of Mononchus oryzae n. sp. with observation on Coomansus parvus (De Man, 1880) Jairajpuri and Khan, 1977, (Mononchida: Mononchidae) from Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 1–4. https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20211005081044
Katalan-Gateva S (1968) Soil nematodes in Bulgaria. Annuarie de l'Université de Sofia, Livre 1 – Zoologie. Physiologie et Biochimie des Animaux 60 (1965–1966): 139–146. [In Bulgarian, English summary]
Katalan-Gateva S, Tzenkova M, Choleva B (1981) The phytonematode fauna in the roots and rhizosphere of the rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) in Bulgaria. Helmintologia 12: 12–53.
Tabolin SB, Kolganova TV (2020) Characterisation of Coomansus parvus (de Man, 1880) from Russia with the first report of males. Russian Journal of Nematology 28: 131–134.
Vu TTT (2021) Description of a new species Coomansus batxatensis (Mononchida, Mononchidae) from Vietnam, with an updated key to species. Journal of Helminthology 95: e 28. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X21000201
Zullini A, Loof PAA, Bongers T (2002) Free-living nematodes from nature reserves in Costa Rica 2. Mononchina. Nematology 4 (6): 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854102760396548
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