Hemipepsis toussainti (Banks)

Kurczewski, Frank E., West, Rick C., Waichert, Cecilia, Kissane, Kelly C., Ubick, Darrell & Pitts, James P., 2020, New and unusual host records for North American and South American spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae), Zootaxa 4891 (1), pp. 1-112 : 25

Hemipepsis toussainti (Banks)

COSTA RICA: Alajuela Province, Bosque Nuboso El Cocora ; 10 May 2012; B. Bauer. Host: Unidentified species ( Ctenidae ), adult or subadult female. The wasp stood near a paralyzed wandering spider as it laid, ventral side upward, on leaf litter ( Bauer 2012) .

COSTA RICA: Heredia Province; Vara Blanca ( ADE Farm); 16 July 2019; T. E. H. Dozier (greenfaithcr). Host:? Kiekie sp. ( Ctenidae ), adult or subadult female. The wasp pulled the paralyzed wandering spider backwards up a vertical wall and then down onto the ground, dorsal side upward, grasping the base of its chelicera or pedipalp with her mandibles ( Dozier 2019).

COSTA RICA: Puntarenas Province, Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve ; 30 November 2009; S. Hall. Host: Unidentified species ( Ctenidae ), adult or subadult female. The wasp stood near the wandering spider either preparing to paralyze or having just paralyzed the spider as it laid dorsal side upward on the ground ( Hall 2009) .

COSTA RICA: Puntarenas Province, Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve ; 13 September 2016; J. Guevara. Host: Cupiennius sp., adult or subadult female. The wasp pursued the banana spider on the ground and across vegetation, stinging it in the underside of its cephalothorax several times, circled it, and touched it with her antennae as it laid dorsal side upward on vegetation. She stung it again in the underside of its cephalothorax, positioning herself dorsal side upward at a 90º angle to the longitudinal axis of the spider’s body. The wasp dismounted, walked a few centimeters away, and cleaned her antennae and mouthparts with her forelegs while the venom took effect. The wasp then dragged the paralyzed banana spider backwards on the ground, dorsal side upward, grasping a chelicera with her mandibles ( Guevara, 2016; S. Longhorn, Oxford, United Kingdom, 2018 pers. comm.) .

MEXICO: Chiapas State, Unión Juárez ; 25 December 2009; E. García-Padilla. Host:? Hemirrhagus sp., adult female. The wasp walked backwards up the side of a large stone, holding the paralyzed tarantula in a dorsal side upward position while grasping its right chelicera with her mandibles ( García-Padilla 2014) .

MEXICO: Puebla State, Xicotepec de Juarez ; posted 1 August 2018; O. L. C. Torres (biologandopormexico). Host: Cupiennius salei , adult female. The wasp pulled the paralyzed banana spider backwards on the ground, dorsal side upward, grasping its right pedipalp with her mandibles ( Torres 2018) .