Tachypompilus ferrugineus (Say)

Kurczewski, Frank E., West, Rick C., Waichert, Cecilia, Kissane, Kelly C., Ubick, Darrell & Pitts, James P., 2020, New and unusual host records for North American and South American spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae), Zootaxa 4891 (1), pp. 1-112 : 46-51

Tachypompilus ferrugineus (Say)

CO: Boulder County, Boulder; posted 16 August 2016; Vicky, CMG (jeffcogardener). Host: Agelenopsis cf naevia, adult or subadult female. The wasp pulled the paralyzed grass spider up a vertical wall, ventral side upward, grasping its chelicera with her mandibles ( Vicky 2016).

FL: Alachua County, Archer; 11 July 2010; P. K. Sandlin. Host: Hogna lenta (Hentz) species group, adult female. The wasp ran down the spider and paralyzed it by stinging. She grasped the paralyzed wolf spider, dorsal side upward, by its right pedipalp and dragged it backwards on the ground through plant litter. She released it on the ground in the same position and examined it with her antennae and mouthparts ( Sandlin 2010; P. K. Sandlin, Archer, FL, 2017 pers. comm.).

FL: Alachua County, Gainesville; 11 August 2014; D. Rosene and D. Douglas. Host: Dolomedes albineus , adult female. The wasp pulled the paralyzed fishing spider backwards, dorsal side upward, grasping its left pedipalp with her mandibles ( Rosene and Douglas 2014).

FL: Bay County, between Lynn Haven and Youngstown; 8 July 2016; R. T. Gasperson. Host: Dolomedes albineus , adult or subadult female. The wasp pulled the paralyzed fishing spider backwards up a brick wall, dorsal side upward, grasping its left pedipalp with her mandibles ( Gasperson 2016).

FL: Orange County, Belle Isle; 6 July 2010; J. Soule. Host: Dolomedes albineus , adult female. The wasp pulled the paralyzed fishing spider up a vertical surface, grasping a pedipalp with her mandibles ( Soule 2010).

KY: Christian County, Hopkinsville; 8 June 2017; D. Rose. Host: Tigrosa helluo (Walckenaer) (Lycosidae) , adult female. The wasp pulled the paralyzed wolf spider backwards on the substrate, ventral side upward, grasping the tarsus of its right foreleg with her mandibles. Grasping the end of a foreleg with the mandibles is a highly unusual method of prey transport in this species which usually grasps a pedipalp ((Rose 2017a; F. E. Kurczewski, 2017 pers. obs.).

KY: Christian County, Hopkinsville; 8 June 2017; D. Rose. Host: Dolomedes albineus , adult or subadult female. The wasp dragged the paralyzed fishing spider backwards on the substrate, dorsal side upward, grasping its left pedipalp with her mandibles ( Rose 2017b).

NC: Cumberland County, Fayetteville, along Cape Fear River; 7 August 2015; J. Smitt (@jsmitt). Host: Dolomedes vittatus Walckenaer (Bristly-legged fishing spider) ( Pisauridae ), adult or penultimate male. The wasp dragged the immobilized fishing spider backwards over rocks and debris, dorsal sisde upward, grapsing its pedipalp or chelicera with her mandibles ( Smitt 2015).

NY: Suffolk County, Fort Salonga; no date; Shiffron_Petrichor. Host: Dolomedes tenebrosus , adult female. The wasp examined the paralyzed fishing spider with her antennae as it laid dorsal side upward on a dock with its legs spread outward (Petrichor no date).

OH: Scioto County, Shawnee State Forest , N38 42.1, W83 14.5; 9 September 2014; R. C. Glotzhober. Host: Unidentified species (family unknown) (wasp, 12.5 mm). The wasp dragged dead leaves, small bits of bark, and green leaves into an opening in a rotting tree stump, apparently to conceal her provisioned nest ( Glotzhober 2014) .

TX: Brewster County, Big Bend National Park; 27 August 2016; C. Sexton. Host: Zorocrates sp., adult or subadult female, 15 mm long. The immobilized false wolf spider was released on a concrete sidewalk, dorsal side upward, by the rust-colored spider wasp (C. Sexton, Austin, TX, 2019 pers. comm.).

TX: Collin County, Wylie; 19 July 2015; R. Frost (r_frost84). Host: Schizocosa cf mccooki , adult or subadult female. The wasp pulled the paralyzed wolf spider through low grass and released it on a cement slab, dorsal side upward, grasping the base of its right foreleg with her mandibles ( Frost 2015).

TX: Ellis County; 9 July 2012; S. Pollard. Host: Hogna cf antelucana , juvenile female. The wasp attempted to sting a wolf spider at the end of a plant leaf. The spider repeatedly raised its long legs and underside of its body to avoid being stung in its cephalothorax by the wasp ( Pollard 2012).

TX: Fort Bend County, Needville ; 29 August 2015; T. Pelletier. Host: Dolomedes vittatus , adult or subadult female. The wasp pulled the paralyzed fishing spider on the ground, dorsal side upward, grasping its right pedipalp with her mandibles ( Pelletier 2015) .

TX: Kaufman County, Scurry; July 2015; K. W. Gisi. Host: Hogna carolinensis species group, adult or juvenile female. The wasp pursued the spider through grasses at the rate of 60 cm /sec. Upon being intercepted, the spider repeatedly reared up on its legs, exposed its chelicerae, paused, turned and continued to run away. The highly rapid actions of the wasp eventually outmaneuvered and overpowered the spider as she repeatedly stung it in the underside of its cephalothorax. During one lengthy stinging, the wasp was positioned atop the dorsum of the spider’s cephalothorax at a right angle to its body length. The spider, mainly immobilized, laid on the ground, dorsal side upward, with its legs collapsed underneath. The wasp dismounted and cleaned her antennae with her forelegs. She then grasped the spider with her mandibles by its left foreleg (an unusual grasp for this species), dorsal side upward, and dragged it backwards on the ground. She pulled the spider over and under farm implements, released it dorsal side upward on the ground, and walked beneath a low deck ( Collins 2017, video by K. W. Gisi 2015). This sequence of events is similar to that seen in another video of T. ferrugineus in pursuit of a rather large female of Dolomedes albineus ( Kurczewski and Edwards 2012) .

TX: Kerr County, Ingram , HCMN Hill Country Observation Area , Waltonia Lodges , near Guadalupe River; 1 August 2017, 1834 ( CDT); P. Meredith. Host: Dolomedes albineus , adult female. The wasp examined the paralyzed fishing spider with her antennae. She then grasped its left pedipalp with her mandibles, dorsal side upward, and dragged it backwards on the ground ( Meredith 2017) .

TX: Lee County, Lexington; 26 July 2015; L. J. Conn. Host: Dolomedes albineus , adult female. The wasp pulled the paralyzed fishing spider backwards on the ground, dorsal side upward, grasping its right foreleg with her mandibles ( Conn 2015).

TX: Llano County, Enchanted Rock State Natural Area; no date; unknown photographer. Host: Curicaberis sp., juvenile female. The wasp examined the paralyzed huntsman spider with her mouthparts as it laid, ventral side upward, on the ground ( Allred 2009).

TX: Tarrant County; 26 May 2017; J. Belmonte. Host: Dolomedes albineus (dark morph), adult or subadult female. The wasp pulled the paralyzed fishing spider, dorsal side upward, on the ground, grasping its left pedipalp with her mandibles ( Belmonte 2017).

TX: Tarrant County; Mansfield; 25 August 2018; D. McMillan (donmoab). Host: Agelenopsis cf naevia, adult or subadult female. The wasp dragged the paralyzed grass spider backwards on the ground, dorsal side upward, grasping its right pedipalp with her mandibles ( McMillan 2018).

TX: Tarrant County; Mansfield; 18 Sptember 2018; D. McMillan (donmoab). Host: Agelenopsis cf naevia, adult female. The wasp stood near the paralyzed grass spider as it laid on the ground, dorsal side upward (D. McMillan, Mansfield, TX, 2018 pers. comm.).

TX: Travis County, Austin city area; 8 September 2017; D. Feldman (MuhKuh Pix). Host: Hogna lenta , adult female. The wasp examined the paralyzed wolf spider with her antennae as it laid dorsal side up on the ground. She attempted to re-sting the spider at least once ( Feldman 2017).

TX: Travis County, Austin, Hornsby Bend; 26 October 2016; D. Feldman (dvoribird). Host: Pisaurina mira (Walckenaer) (Pisauridae) (Nursery web spider), adult female. The wasp grasped the base of the nursery web spider’s left pedipalp with her mandibles and, keeping the spider dorsal side upward, dragged it backwards on vegetation ( Feldman 2016b).

BELIZE (BRITISH HONDURAS): W of Belize City , “edge of jungle”; 20 January 2010; Brad and Maureen. Host: Unidentified species ( Lycosidae ), adult or subadult female. The wasp stung the wolf spider, dragged it backwards on the ground for 15 m, and released it beneath a cabana ( Brad and Maureen 2010) .

BRAZIL: State of Bahia, Rio de Contas, Chalé do Rapozo ; 10 January 2019; C. Waichert. Host: Unidentified species ( Ctenidae ), adult or subadult female. The wasp dragged the paralyzed wandering spider backwards by its pedipalp with her mandibles, on the ground for about 5 meters, up a low wall and through low vegetation, before both specimens were collected .

BRAZIL: State of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis ; 28 April 2018; D. Roecker Jr. (djalma). Host: Ctenus medius , adult female. The wasp dragged the paralyzed wandering spider backwards on the ground, dorsal side upward, grasping its left pedipalp with her mandibles ( Roecker 2018; R. Bertani, IBB, S„o Paulo, Brazil, 2020 pers. comm.) .

COLOMBIA: Boyacá Department, Villa de Leyva ; 27 February 2013; E. Dion. Host: Unidentified species ( Lycosidae ), adult female. The wasp pulled the paralyzed wolf spider, dorsal side upward, backwards on the ground, grasping its left pedipalp with her mandibles ( Dion 2013) .

COSTA RICA: Locality unknown; December 2006; Clara. Host: Cupiennius coccineus F. O. P.-Cambridge, adult female. The wasp grasped the paralyzed banana spider by its left pedipalp with her mandibles and dragged it backwards across a gravelly path ( Clara 2007).

COSTA RICA: Locality unknown, mountains; 17 February 2009; Jordan. Host: Cupiennius getazi Simon , adult male. The wasp grasped the paralyzed banana spider by its left pedipalp with her mandibles and dragged it backwards through vegetation ( Jordan 2007b) .

COSTA RICA: Locality unknown; 27 January 2016; photographer unknown. Host: Cupiennius sp., adult female. “Tarantula hawk dragging…living paralyzed spider to [her] burrow.” The wasp released the banana spider on the ground, dorsal side upward, and examined it with her antennae (Unknown photographer 2016).

COSTA RICA: Alajuela Province, Upala ; 20 January 2013; E. Artavia. Host: Cupiennius salei , subadult male. The wasp dragged the paralyzed banana spider across a wooden floor then up a wall, ventral side upward, grasping its right pedipalp with her mandibles ( Artavia 2013) .

COSTA RICA: Cartago Province, Pejivalle, Reserva La Marta ; 25 July 2017; F. Ros (@fernandorosm). Host: Cupiennius coccineus , adult female. The wasp grasped the paralyzed banana spider by its left pedipalp with her mandibles, dorsal side upward, and pulled it backwards up a vertical tree trunk ( Ros 2017) .

COSTA RICA: Cartago Province, Turrialba ; 1–2 October 2013; S. DeLaGraza. Host: Cupiennius coccineus , adult female. The wasp dragged the paralyzed banana spider backwards on the ground, dorsal side upward, before abandoning the spider and flying off. The same wasp dragged another paralyzed banana spider across stones, dorsal side upward, before pulling it into a metal drain, grasping its right pedipalp with her mandibles ( DeLaGarza 2013) .

COSTA RICA: Cartago Province, Turrialba, Rancho Naturalista ; 29 October 2014; D. Hall. Host: Cupiennius coccineus , adult or subadult female (spider 80–100 mm with legs; wasp, 12–20 mm). The wasp dragged the paralyzed banana spider backwards on the ground, dorsal side upward, grasping its left pedipalp with her mandibles (D. Hall 2015; D. Hall, address unknown, 2017 pers. comm.) .

COSTA RICA: Cartago Province, Turrialba, Rancho Naturalista ; 29 October 2014; J. Hall. Host: Cupiennius coccineus , adult or subadult female. The wasp grasped the paralyzed banana spider by its right pedipalp with her mandibles, dorsal side upward, and pulled it backwards through dense vegetation ( Hall 2014) .

COSTA RICA: Cartago Province, Verbena Nte; 21 December 2016; S. Easley (easleybirding). Host: Cupiennius cf coccineus , adult female. The wasp pulled the paralyzed banana spider backwards on the ground, dorsal side upwards, by the right pedipalp with her mandibles ( Easley 2016).

COSTA RICA: Heredia Province, Chilamate, Selva Verde Lodge ; June - December 2011 (posted 23 April 2013); C. Grostefon. Host: Cupiennius getazi , adult female (grey color phase and gravid). The wasp pulled the paralyzed banana spider backwards on the ground, dorsal side upward, grasping its left pedipalp with her mandibles ( Grostefon 2011; C. Viquez, Heredia, Costa Rica, 2018 pers. comm.).

COSTA RICA: Heredia Province, near Sarapiquí, La Selva Biological Station; 29 April 2016; C. A. Perez. Host: Cupiennius sp., juvenile female. The wasp pulled the paralyzed banana spider backwards up a vertical wooden surface, grasping its right pedipalp with her mandibles ( Perez 2016b).

COSTA RICA: Limón Province, Cahuita National Park ; 6 November 2017; R. Dante. Host: Cupiennius sp., juvenile male. The wasp examined the paralyzed banana spider then grasped it by its left pedipalp with her mandibles and dragged it backwards, dorsal side upwards, over leaf litter and small twigs on the ground ( Dante 2017) .

COSTA RICA: Limón Province, 12 km W of Guapile, Rainforest Adventures Braulio ; 22 April 2019; L. Mora (leo_mc91). Host Cupiennius salei , adult or subadult female. The wasp pulled the paralyzed banana spider backwards along the ground, dorsal side upward, grasping its left pedipalp with her mandibles (Mora 2019) .

COSTA RICA: Limón Province, Picuare, Rios Tropicales Lodge; posted 12 August 2015; A. Rauchle (alex_amma). Host: Cupiennius cf coccineus , adult or subadult female. The wasp pulled the paralyzed banana spider across a log, dorsal side upward, grasping its right foreleg with her mandibles ( Rauchle 2015).

COSTA RICA: Limón Province, Puerto Viejo de Salamanca, Caribe ; no date; V. Crevette. Host: Cupiennius getazi , adult or subadult male. The wasp pulled the paralyzed banana spider backwards over low grass, dorsal side upward, grasping its left pedipalp in her mandibles (Crevette no date) .

COSTA RICA: Limón Province, Rio Jimenez ; 11 March 2014; J. Eshenroder. Host: Cupiennius coccineus , adult or subadult female. The wasp excavated a cup-shaped depression in crumbly soil after releasing the paralyzed banana spider on the ground, dorsal side upward, 4 cm away. She returned to the paralyzed banana spider, dragged and stuffed it into the crude depression, and oviposited on the spider’s abdomen ( Eshenroder 2014) .

COSTA RICA: Puntarenas Province, Coto Brus ; November 2015; Geoprenruiz. Host: Cupiennius salei , subadult male. The wasp pulled the paralyzed banana spider across a tile floor then up a cement wall, dorsal side upward, grasping its right pedipalp in her mandibles ( Geoprenruiz 2015) .

COSTA RICA: Puntarenas Province, Oso Peninsula ; 10 April 2011; A. Pasado. Host: Cupiennius coccineus , adult or subadult female. The wasp pulled the much heavier paralyzed banana spider backwards up a concrete wall, dorsal side upward, grasping its left pedipalp with her mandibles ( Pasado 2011) .

COSTA RICA: Puntarenas Province, Oso Peninsula, Companario; 2011; L. Russo. Host: Curicaberis sp., adult of subadult female. The wasp pulled the paralyzed huntsman spider backwards on the ground, dorsal side upward, grasping its left pedipalp with her mandibles ( Russo 2011).

COSTA RICA: Puntarenas Province, San Vito, Las Cruces Biological Station ; 27 January 2016; C. A. Perez. Host: Cupiennius coccineus , adult female. The wasp pulled the paralyzed banana spider on the ground, dorsal side upward, grasping its right pedipalp with her mandibles ( Perez 2016a) .

COSTA RICA: Puntarenas Province, Uvita, Rancho Diandrew Ecolodge ; 19 December 2018; A. Mattison (@andrewmattison_). Host:? Zorocrates sp., adult male. The wasp pulled the paralyzed false wolf spider spider on the ground, dorsal side upward, grasping its right pedipalp with her mandibles ( Mattison 2018) .

ECUADOR: Napo Province, Puerto Misahualli, Lyarina Lodge; 28 December 2018; C. Plaisance (cplaisance). Host: Phoneutria cf boliviensis , adult or subadult male. The wasp dragged the paralyzed wandering spider backwards on the ground, dorsal side upward, grasping its right pedipalp with her mandibles ( Plaisance 2018).

FRENCH GUIANA: Arrondissement of Cayenne, Kourou; October 2007; O. and S. Baudry. Host: Phoneutria cf fera, adult female. The wasp pulled the paralyzed wandering spider backwards, dorsal side upward, grasping its left pedipalp with her mandibles. The spider was much heavier and 1.3 times longer in body length than the wasp. Several of the spider’s leg segments on the right side of its body were missing beyond the coxa ( Baudry and Baudry 2007).

GUATEMALA: Western region ; 20 April 2019; R. Ciftell (rekciftell). Host: Zorocrates sp., adult or subadult female. The wasp dragged the paralyzed false wolf spider backwards along the ground, dorsal side upward, grasping its left rear leg with her mandibles ( Ciftell 2019) .

GUYANA (BRITISH GUIANA): Demerara-Mahaica Region, vicinity of Georgetown ; published 6 March 2011; Kaieteur News. Host: Unidentified species ( Lycosidae ), adult or subadult female. The wasp pulled the paralyzed wolf spider backwards, dorsal side upwards, grasping its right pedipalp with her mandibles ( Kaieteur News 2011) .

HONDURAS: Comayague Department, Siguatepeque; 16 March 2020; K. F. Yanez (krlfiallos). Host:? Schizocosa sp., adult or subadult female. The wasp pulled the paralyzed wolf spider backwards on the ground, dorsal side upward, grasping the base of its left pedipalp with her mandibles ( Yanez 2020).

MEXICO: Chiapas State, Yajalón ; 30 January 2016; R. Martínez. Host: Hogna sp., adult or subadult female. The wasp dragged the paralyzed wolf spider backwards on the ground, dorsal side upward, grasping its left pedipalp with her mandibles ( Martínez 2016) .

MEXICO: Guanajuato State, Celaya, Calle Lago Zirahuen 203–217; 16 November 2016; ketatos. Host: Zorocrates sp., subadult male. The wasp examined the paralyzed false wolf spider as it laid on its left side on the ground ( Ketatos 2016) .

MEXICO: Jalisco State, Guadalajara, Zapopan, La Tuzania; 17 April 2019; B. A. R. Dieguez (aledieguez27). Host: Curicaberis sp., adult or subadult female. The wasp pulled the paralyzed huntsman spider up a vertical wall, dorsal side upward, grasping its right pedipalp with her mandibles ( Dieguez 2019) .

MEXICO: Mexico State, Mexico City; 27 September 2019; M. D. L. Santos (martinsdelossantos). Host: Zorocrates cf fuscus, adult or subadult female. The wasp pulled the paralyzed false wolf spider on the top of the cement wall, dorsal side upward, grasping its left pedipalp with her mandibles (Santos 2019) .

MEXICO: Mexico State, Mexico City; 16 April 2020; N. Cendron (nicolacendron). Host: Curicaberis sp., adult or subadult female. A series of photographs shows the wasp drag the paralyzed huntsman spider up the vertical surface of a rock, and along the ground, dorsal side upward, grasping its right pedipalp with her mandibles ( Cendron 2020) .

MEXICO: Mexico State, Tlalpan ; 28 September 2019; P. PizanoLoza (ezzcorpio). Host: Zorocrates cf fuscus, adult or subadult female. The wasp pulled the paralyzed false wolf spider backward on the ground, dorsal side upward, grasping its left pedipalp with her manibles ( PizanoLoza 2019) .

MEXICO: Mexico State, Toluca ; 8 December 2014; J. L. Salamanca (LoneWolf Salamanca). Host:? Rabidosa sp., adult or subadult female. The wasp pursued the wolf spider across the ground to some wooden pallets ( Salamanca 2014) .

MEXICO: Nuevo Leon State, Santiago; 16 August 2018; R. Pantoja (jerjes). Host: Agelenopsis aperta (Gertsch) (Agelenidae) (Desert grass spider), adult or subadult female. The wasp stood near the paralyzed grass spider as it laid on the ground, dorsal side upward, and examined it with her antennae ( Pantoja 2018).

MEXICO: Oaxaca State, San Pablo Etla ; 28 October 2018; E. Padilla (eugenio_padilla). Host: Zorocrates sp., adult or subadult female. The wasp dragged the paralyzed false wolf spider on the ground, ventral side or dorsal side upward, grasping a foreleg with her mandibles ( Padilla 2018) .

MEXICO: Puebla State, Cuetzalan City, Acaxiloco, Xoxoctic Botanical Garden ; 23 July 2018; E. Rodríguez (emmar_azul). Host: Cupiennius salei , adult male. The wasp transported the paralyzed banana spider across a vertical wall and over a doorway, dorsal side upward, grasping its left pedipalp with her mandibles (Rodríguez 2018) .

MEXICO: Veracruz State, Veracruz City ; posted 6 April 2018; G. Lepe (gato.astronauta). Host: Unidentified species ( Ctenidae ), adult or subadult female. The wasp pulled the paralyzed wandering spider backwards on the ground, dorsal side upwards, grasping its right pedipalp with her mandibles ( Lepe 2018) .

MEXICO: Yucatan State, Merida ; 29 November 2016; R. Scĥn (knocknrose234). Host: Cupiennius salei , adult female. The wasp pulled the paralyzed banana spider backwards on the ground, dorsal side upwards, grasping its right pedipalp with her mandibles (Scĥn 2016) .

PANAMA: Bocas del Toro Province: Bastimento Island ; 25 August 2016; A. P. Pasukonis. Host: Cupiennius coccineus , adult female. After stinging it, the wasp examined the much larger, paralyzed banana spider, venter to venter, using her mouthparts and antennae ( Pasukonis 2016) .

PANAMA: Bocas del Toro Province: Bastimento Island, La Loma Jungle Lodge ; 19 August 2018; F. Sengers. Host: Cupiennius getazi , adult or subadult male. The wasp held the paralyzed banana spider on a vertical surface, dorsal side upward, grasping its left pedipalp with her mandibles ( Sengers 2018) .

PANAMA: Bocas del Toro Province: Bastimento Island, Old Bank ; 5 April 2018; Y. Yang. Host: Cupiennius getazi , adult or subadult male. The wasp dragged the paralyzed banana spider backwards through low vegetation, ventral side upward, grasping its right pedipalp with her mandibles ( Yang 2018) .

PANAMA: Bocas del Toro Province, Bluff Beach Resort; 8 February 2017; M. Ilagan (myyogahead). Host: Cupiennius coccineus , adult female. The wasp pulled the paralyzed banana spider backwards, dorsal side upward, grasping its left pedipalp with her mandibles ( Ilagan 2017) .

PANAMA: Bocas del Toro Province, Isla Colon, Playa Paunch near Bluff Beach; 6 April 2009; R. Hamilton. Host: Phoneutria boliviensis , adult or subadult female. The wasp dragged the much heavier wandering spider backwards on the ground, dorsal side upward, grasping its left pedipalp with her mandibles ( Hamilton 2009; R. Hamilton, Oxford, Bournemouth, United Kingdom, 2017 pers. comm.) .

PANAMA: Colón Province, San Lorenzo Protected Forest ; 11 February 2018; G. Stringer-Calvert. Host: Cupiennius sp., subadult male. The wasp dragged the banana spider backwards up the side of a tree, dorsal side upward, grasping its left pedipalp with her mandibles ( Stringer-Calvert 2018) .

PANAMA: Panamá Province, Isla Barro Colorado ; 20 July 2007; J. Di Trani. Host: Curicaberis sp., adult or subadult female. The wasp examined the paralyzed huntsman spider with her antennae as it laid dorsal side upward on a large rock. She then dragged it backwards, dorsal side upward, across the rock, grasping its left pedipalp with her mandibles ( Di Trani 2007) .