Theobroma cacao L.
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6C71879E-FF72-FA9E-FC0E-54F0FED4FBB9 |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Theobroma cacao L. |
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[1038] Theobroma cacao L. View in CoL View at ENA
Sp. Pl. 2: 782 [1 May 1753] ( Linnaeus 1753). — Cacao View in CoL sativa Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 689 [Jun.-Dec. 1775] ( Aublet 1775), nom. illeg. superfl. (based on Theobroma cacao View in CoL ). — Cacao View in CoL sativa Lam., Encycl. [J. Lamarck et al.] 1 (2): 533 [1 Aug. 1785] (Lamarck 1785), isonym. et nom. illeg. superfl. (based on Theobroma cacao View in CoL ). — Cacao View in CoL theobroma Tussac, Fl. Antill. 1: 101 (Tussac 1808), nom. illeg. superfl. (based on Theobroma cacao View in CoL ). — Theobroma sativum Lign. & Le Bey, Bull. Soc. Linn. View in CoL Normandie, sér. 5, 8: 233 [15 Oct. 1905] (Lignier & Le Bey 1905), “ sativa ”, nom. inval. (based on the illegitimate Cacao View in CoL sativa Aubl.). — Theobroma cacao subsp. sativum Léon, Cacao Manual [F. Hardy]: 312 (Léon 1960), nom. inval. (based on the illegitimate Cacao View in CoL sativa).
Cacao minus Gaertn. View in CoL , Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 190 [Apr.-May 1791] (Gaertner 1791). — Theobroma minus (Gaertn.) View in CoL A.Chev., Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 26 (285): 283 (Chevalier 1946).
Theobroma integerrimum Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. View in CoL 4: 83 (Stokes 1812), “ integerrima View in CoL ”.
Theobroma caribaeum Sweet, Hort. Brit. View in CoL [Sweet], ed. 2, 67 (Sweet 1830), “ caribaea View in CoL ”, nom. nud.
Theobroma leiocarpum Bernoulli, Uebersicht View in CoL Theobroma View in CoL 6 (Bernoulli 1869), “ leiocarpa View in CoL ”. — Theobroma cacao var. leiocarpum (Bernoulli) Cif., Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis. Mat. Nat. Reale Accad. View in CoL Italia 4: 604 (Ciferri 1933), “ leiocarpa View in CoL ”. — Theobroma cacao f. leiocarpum (Bernoulli) Ducke View in CoL , Rodriguésia 4 (13): 274 (Ducke 1940). — Theobroma cacao subsp. leiocarpum (Bernoulli) Cuatrec., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. View in CoL 13 (3A.2): 654 (Cuatrecasas 1956).
Theobroma pentagonum Bernoulli, Uebersicht View in CoL Theobroma View in CoL 6 (Bernoulli 1869), “ pentagona ”. — Theobroma cacao f. pentagonum (Bernoulli) Ducke View in CoL , Rodriguésia 4 (13): 274 (Ducke 1940). — Theobroma cacao subsp. pentagonum (Bernoulli) Léon, Cacao Manual View in CoL [F. Hardy]: 312 (Léon 1960), “ pentagona ”.
Theobroma saltzmannianum Bernoulli, Uebersicht Theobroma View in CoL 7 (Bernoulli 1869), “ Saltzmanniana ”.
Theobroma kalagua De Wild., Bull. Herb. Boissier View in CoL 7: 957 (De Wildeman 1899).
Theobroma sphaerocarpum A.Chev., Vég. Ut. Afr. Trop. Franç. 4: 12 (Chevalier 1908), “ sphaerocarpa View in CoL ”. — Theobroma cacao subsp. sphaerocarpum (A.Chev.) Cuatrec., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 35 (6): 515 [21 Aug. 1964] ( Cuatrecasas 1964).
Theobroma sapidum Pittier, Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat. View in CoL 1: 183 (Pittier 1932), nom. nud.
Theobroma cacao var. typicum Cif., Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis. Mat. Nat. Reale Accad. Italia 4: 604 (Ciferri 1933), “ typica ”, nom. inval. ( Turland et al. 2018: Art. 24.3).
Theobroma sativum var. leucospermum View in CoL A.Chev., Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 26 (285): 270, 272 (Chevalier 1946), “ leucosperma ”.
Theobroma sativum var. melanospermum View in CoL A.Chev., Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric.Trop. 26 (285): 270, 272 (Chevalier 1946), “ melanosperma ”.
NOTES. — Hyperdominant in Amazonia ( ter Steege et al. 2020) , and semi-domesticated by pre-Columbian Amerindians ( Clement 1999; Levis et al. 2017). Probably introduced to French Guiana by pre-Columbian Amerindians. It is now naturalised on or near archaeological sites in southern French Guiana.
VERNACULAR NAMES. — Pa: waravru • Ka: kakao • Te: akau • Wp: walapulu • Wn: walapulu • Nt: kakaw • Cr: kakao • Fr: cacaoyer • Br: cacau.
HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 12 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: P. Grenand 1044.
INVENTORY DATA (FG). — 32 trees in 2 plots; Fmax = 3.9 %; dbhinv = 23.2 cm.
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Theobroma cacao L.
| Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A. 2022 |
Cacao minus
| A. Chev. 1946: 283 |