Pachygrapsus marmoratus ( Fabricius, 1787 )

Poupin, Joseph, Davie, Peter J. F. & Cexus, Jean-Christophe, 2005, A revision of the genus Pachygrapsus Randall, 1840 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura, Grapsidae), with special reference to the Southwest Pacific species, Zootaxa 1015 (1), pp. 1-66 : 25-28

Pachygrapsus marmoratus ( Fabricius, 1787) ( Figures 7a–e , 14j , 15j )

Cancer marmoratus Fabricius, 1787: 319 [type locality: unknown]

Grapsus varius Latreille, 1803: 67 (Mediterranean) . —H. Milne Edwards, 1837: 88 (Brittany, Italy).

Leptograpsus marmoratus —H. Milne Edwards, 1853: 171 (Mediterranean)

Pachygrapsus marmoratus — Stimpson, 1858: 48 [102] (Madeira); 1907: 116 (Madeira). — Heller, 1863: 111, pl. 3 fig. 8­10 (Mediterranean). — Kingsley, 1880: 201 ( France, Bosporus). — Ortmann, 1894: 710 (Mediterranean). — Rathbun, 1918: 250, fig. 138, pl. 62 (Biarritz, France; Azores; synonymy). — Pesta, 1918: 451, fig. 149 (Adriatic). — Fauvel, 1929: 3 (Cotentin Peninsula). — Nobre, 1931: 103, fig. 1, 58, 59 ( Portugal); 1936: 61, fig. 1 ( Portugal). — Bouvier, 1940: 259, fig. 179, pl. 11, fig. 4 (warm temperate Northeast Atlantic, Mediterranean, Black sea). — Zariquiey Álvarez, 1946: 163, pl. 18, fig. e; 1968: 423, fig. 140a, 141b–e ( Spain). — Holthuis & Gottlieb, 1958: 100, pl. 3, fig. 15 (Mediterranean coast of Israel; references, distribution). — Bourdon, 1965: 32 (Brittany). — Bãcescu, 1967: 326, fig. 56, 138b, 139, 140a ( Romania). — Ingle, 1980: 121, fig. 24, 72, 74, pl. 23b (British Channel). — González Gurriarán & Méndez, 1985: 149, fig. 56, photo 44 (Galicia). — Moyse & Smaldon, 1990: 551, fig. 10.28 (English Channel). — Falciai & Minervini, 1992: 234, pl. 16. —d’Udekem d’Acoz, 1994: 35 ( Greece); 1999: 255 (references, distribution, ecology); 2005 (photographs, refer­ ences, distribution). — González Pérez, 1995: 223, photo 163 (Canary Is.). — Vincent & Le Granche, 1996: 173 (Cotentin peninsula, France). — Debelius, 1999: 103, photograph.

? Pachygrapsus pubescens Heller, 1865: 45 , pl. 4, fig. 4 [type locality, Chile; probably erroneous, see remarks]. — Kingsley, 1880: 201 (in list). — Rathbun, 1918: 252, pl. 160, fig. 1 ( Chile; from Heller only). — Garth, 1957: 96 (in list). — Retamal, 1981: 35, fig. 192 (in list). — Boschi, 2000: 103 (in list). See remarks.

Type material

Cancer marmoratus Fabricius, 1787 : not located, probably not extant.

Pachygrapsus pubescens Heller, 1865 : syntypes 1 M, 2 F (NHMW, 10263), 1 M, 1 F (NHMW, 10264). C. Schubart (pers. comm.) will designate a lectotype in a forthcoming paper.

Material Examined

Mediterranean Sea. Tunisia: Gabès, port, coll. R. B. Manning et al., 6 June 1973, 2 M 21.9 x 24.7, 24.5 x 26.8 mm, 1 ov. F 28.2 x 32.4 mm ( USNM 258082 ) . Italy, Sicily, Trapani, rocky flat south of and outside harbour, coll. R. B. Manning, 20 June 1974, 5 M 5.6 x 7.2–12.1 x 13.8 mm, 1 ov. F 16.0 x 18.1 mm, 4 F 5.9 x 6.8–6.9 x 8.8 mm ( USNM 152262 ) . East Atlantic . France, Préfailles, coll. P. Chalumeau, August 1991, 1 F 12.7 x 14.3 mm ( MNHN B22654) .

Diagnosis

Carapace subquadrate; lateral margins with 2 teeth behind exorbital angle. Dorsal surface flattened with transverse striae on gastric, hepatic, branchial regions; mesogastric, cardiac, intestinal regions smooth or with short striae ( Fig. 7a ). Anterior margin of front almost straight, 0.6 times width of exorbital length ( Fig. 7b ). Infraorbital margin deeply denticulated medially, outer notch deep, obliquely oriented ( Fig. 14j ).

Outer face of chelae regularly convex, smooth, or with an unclear longitudinal line near lower margin; upper margin of palm with few oblique lines on inner face; cutting edges of fingers broadly gaping, with triangular teeth; tip of fingers corneous, spoon­like, glabrous ( Fig. 7c ). P2, P3 carpi, propodi with sparse bristles but without brush of setae. P5 merus with lower margin smooth or slightly denticulated, without submedian tubercle; distoventral angle without spines, rounded or slightly indented ( Fig. 7d ).

Abdominal tergites smooth; sixth somite of abdomen plus telson triangular in male ( Fig. 7e ). G1 distally rounded with short corneous process ( Fig15j ).

Colour (d’Udekem d’Acoz, pers. comm.): two basic but overlapping colour patterns. Either fine purplish­black reticulations on a whitish background, or almost plain purplish black with a few small irregular white variegations.

Measurements: large size; carapace of specimens examined ranging from 5.6 x 7.2– 28.2 x 32.4 mm; carapace width of 40 mm is common.

Distribution

West Atlantic, Mediterranean and Black seas: Azores, Madeira, Canary Is., European coast from Bay of Biscay to Morocco, Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Marmara, Black Sea. Pachygrapsus marmoratus was occasionally reported from the French coast of the English Channel: Brittany ( Bourdon, 1965), and twice the Cotentin peninsula ( Fauvel, 1929; Vincent & Le Granche, 1996). It is possible that Fauvel’s specimen was accidentally

introduced from the south by fishermen. It is not ruled out that the identification by Vincent & Le Granche (1996) results from confusion with Hemigrapsus sanguineus (de Haan, 1835) (P. Noël, field observation and pers. comm.). The female specimen of Vincent & Le Granche is lost. Noël found in 2004 several specimens of H. sanguineus at Saint­Vaast­la­ Hougue, France but none of P. marmoratus .

Habitat

Intertidal; rocky shores and under stones on sandy mud in estuaries and lagoons. Very common in southern Europe.

Remarks

Besides P. marmoratus only P. pubescens Heller, 1865 , a little­known species from Chile, has two teeth behind the exorbital angle. The syntypes of P. pubescens (1 male, 2 females NHMW 10263; 1 male, 1 female NHMW 10264) were not examined. C. Schubart re­examined them and in a forthcoming paper will show that P. pubescens is a junior synonym of P. marmoratus (C. Schubart, pers. comm.). P. Dworschak (pers. comm.) has suggested that the type locality could be Gibraltar rather than Chile as indicated by Heller.

Two small specimens from Juan Fernandez Is., Chile identified by M. J. Rathbun as P. pubescens were examined (coll. W. L. Schmitt, along boulder covered beach to left of cannery, littoral, 8 December 1926, 2 juv. 4.5 x 4.7–4.5 x 4.9 mm, USNM 70847). These juveniles are in poor condition but can be identified as Leptograpsus variegatus (Fabricius, 1793) , a species widespread in the South Pacific, from Australia to South America, including Chile.

Figures

FIGURE 7. —Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Fabricius, 1787). Male 24.5 x 26.8 mm, Tunisia (USNM 258082): a) dorsal view; b) front; c) left chela, outer face, d) right P5, e) abdomen.

FIGURE 14. —Infra–orbital margin: a) Pachygrapsus fakaravensis Rathbun (1907), ov. female 15.0 x 16.5 mm, Taiaro, French Polynesia (MNHN B25782); b) Pachygrapsus laevimanus Stimpson, 1858, neotype male 18.0 x 21.7 mm, Sydney, Australia (AM P7478); c) Pachygrapsus minutus A. Milne­Edwards, 1873, male 5.2 x 7.0 mm, Moruroa, French Polynesia (MNHN B29273); d) Pachygrapsus planifrons de Man, 1888, male 7.0 x 9.0 mm, Rangiroa, French Polynesia (UF 1490); e) Pachygrapsus plicatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), male 12.1 x 15.3 mm, Taiaro, French Polynesia (MNHN B29279); f) Pachygrapsus corrugatus (von Martens, 1872) ov. female 13.6 x 15.2 mm, Virgin Is. (USNM 72340); g) Pachygrapsus crassipes Randall, 1840, male 31.9 x 36.6 mm, Sagami Bay, Japan (NSMT Cr7516); h) Pachygrapsus gracilis (de Saussure, 1858), ov. female 8.5 x 11 mm, Angola (MNHN B12903); i) Pachygrapsus loveridgei Chace, 1966, male 8.1 x 10 mm, St. Helena I. (MNHN B17836); j) Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Fabricius, 1787), female 12.7 x 14.3 mm, Préfailles, France (MNHN B22654); k) Pachygrapsus maurus (Lucas, 1846), female 12.7 x 14.3 mm, Banyuls, France (MNHN B12933); l) Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850), male 17.0 x 22.5 mm, French Guiana (MNHN B16013). Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 15. —Male gonopods: a) Pachygrapsus fakaravensis Rathbun (1907), holotype 18.0 x 19.4 mm, Fakarava, French Polynesia (USNM 32844), right G1, abdominal face (left) and detail of terminal portion, sternal face (right); b) Pachygrapsus laevimanus Stimpson, 1858, neotype 18.0 x 21.7 mm, Sydney, Australia (AM P7478), left G1, abdominal (left) and sternal face (right), setae omitted; c) Pachygrapsus minutus A. Milne­Edwards, 1873, cl 8.2 mm, Caroline Is., lateral (left) and abdominal face (right), setae omitted; d) Pachygrapsus planifrons de Man, 1888, 9.5 x 11.8 mm, Hawaiian Is. (USNM 29350), right G1, abdominal (left) and sternal face (right); e) Pachygrapsus plicatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), cl 11.7 mm, Hawaiian Is., lateral (left) and abdominal face (right); f) Pachygrapsus corrugatus (von Martens, 1872), cl 8.5 mm, Ascension I., left G1 abdominal face (left) and detail of terminal portion, setae omitted (right); g) Pachygrapsus crassipes Randall, 1840, cl 35.6 mm, California, lateral (left) and abdominal face (right) setae omitted; h) Pachygrapsus gracilis (de Saussure, 1858), cl 8.7 mm, Virgin Is., lateral (left) and abdominal face (right), setae omitted; i) Pachygrapsus loveridgei Chace, 1966, holotype 10.3 x 13.1 mm, St. Helena I. (USNM 112457), left G1, abdominal (left) and sternal face (right); j) Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Fabricius, 1787), cl 30.5 mm, Gibraltar, lateral (left) and abdominal face (right), setae omitted; k) Pachygrapsus maurus (Lucas, 1846), cl 8.5 mm, Canary Is., lateral (left) and abdominal face (right) setae omitted; l) Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850), cl 11.1 mm, Key West, Florida, lateral (left) and abdominal face (right), setae omitted. (c, e, g–l, from Chace, 1966, fig. 10–11; f, from Manning & Chace, 1990, fig. 43). Approximate magnification x 6 (x 12 for detail of terminal portion).